Zhina Abbas Mohammed^*(1) and Sarood Samal Shawkat⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Zhina Abbas Mohammed. E-Mail: zhina.mohammed@univsul.edu.iq).

Received: 01/09/2020                               Accepted: 02/10/2020

Abstract

Energy has been one of the key factors that influence the welfare and performance of an animal’s farm. The whole study was performed at the Department of Animal Science, Animal Farm, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Sulaimani University, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Sixteen adult black does, 1.5-2 years old have been used and randomly divided into two classes (8 does + 8 does), and reared in single pens (1.20 x 1.10 cm). The groups were fed two levels, 300 g / day as low-level feed (0.9 Mcal ME) and 600 g / day (1.8 Mcal ME) as high-level feed for 8 weeks of mating season (4 weeks before matting and 4 weeks after matting). This study aimed to study the effect of two levels of energy on live body weight, body condition score, and some hematology parameters. The obtained results throughout all periods showed no significant variations in live body weight and body condition score of does fed either with low or high concentration levels. Moreover, in beginning the experiment HCT % and PLT were significantly increased (p<0.05) for T2 (high level) whereas an insignificant change in other parameters. After 4 weeks the white blood cell count (WBCs), L%, PLT, and PCT % were significantly increased (p<0.05), (WBCs) and L% for T1 (low level) and PLT, PCT % for T2 (high level). After 8 weeks, MO %, HCT %, and PLT were significant differences (p<0.05), MO % for T1 (low level) and HCT%, PLT for T2 (high level), while other parameters were not significant.

Key words: Doe, Live body weight, Body condition score, Energy and blood parameters.

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Sarood Samal Shawkat*⁽¹⁾ Saman Abdulmajid Rashid⁽¹⁾ and Zhina Abbas Mohammed⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Sarood Samal Shawkat. E-Mail: sarood.shawkat@univsul.edu.iq).

Received: 01/08/2020                               Accepted: 04/09/2020

Abstract

The objective of this project was to determine the impact of various skip feeding programs on some immune organs and blood parameters in both sexes of broiler. A total of 260 broiler chicks, males and females have been divided into four groups each comprising five replicates of 13 chicks per replicate as follow T1: Control: (Feed is provided continuously and permanently).(T2) Skip every 1 day: (Provide the feed for one day and skip it at the next day and so on until the age of 42 days).; (T3) Skip every 2 days: (Providing the feed for two consecutive days, cutting it the next day, and so on; (T4) Skip every 3 days: (Feed is available for three days in front of the chicks, and chicks were remained without feeding at the next day; the treatments were applied  from 15 days old up to 42 days of age. Skip programs had no significant effects on bursa of fabricius and spleen percentages, while skip every one-day pancreases percentage in males was significant; there was no significant effect on haemoglobin of males. However, packed cell volume (PCV), White blood cells (WBC)s in females and Heterophile percentage in both sexes were significantly affected (p<0.05) by skip programs, also, there was no significant effect on red blood cell (RBC)s, Esophil and basophile percentages in both sexes. Males showed significant compensatory (p<0.05) of lymphocytes percentage than females in T4, but monocytes had no differences in both sexes. There was a minor effect of different skipping on blood biochemical. Glucose and cholesterol concentrations were not affected by treatments in both sexes, while total protein and urea concentration were affected just in females.  

 Key words: Broiler, Skip-a-day feeding, Hematological and Immunity parameters.

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Abdalla Mohammed Abdalla Mansour^*(1) Adel Mohammed Milad Ishlak⁽²⁾ and Mohamed Ahmed Hamid Toweir⁽³⁾

(1). Department of the Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benghazi. Libya.

(2). Department Animal production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benghazi. Libya.

(3). Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Libya.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Abdalla Mohammed Abdalla Mansour. E-Mail:abdalla.mansour@uob.edu.ly).

Received: 10/08/2020                               Accepted: 14/09/2020

Abstract

In this study, the microbial quality of some white cheese (ricotta, halloumi and homemade samples) sold in Benghazi markets was studied in December 2019. Samples were analyzed for total colony count, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The total bacterial count ranged from 5.10 to 7.55 log₁₀CFU/g for all cheese types with a mean of 6.88 ± 0.8024log₁₀CFU/g.  Total bacterial counts for ricotta cheese were 5.10 to 7.46, and were 6.54 to 7.49 log₁₀CFU/g for Halloumi cheese manufactured locally in Benghazi, and 5.61 to 7.55log₁₀CFU/g homemade white cheese. Total coliform count were 2.48to 6.70 with a mean of 4.67± 1.4673 log₁₀CFU/g. Besides, total Staphylococcus count was 1 to 4.82,witha mean of 3.68 ± 1.055 log₁₀CFU/g. All cheese samples were highly contaminated with bacteria, as the microbial load was above the acceptable limits (5.70 to 6.18). The studied species were classified as having poor quality. A high microbial load in cheese samples indicates a risk to the general health of consumers. This proves the need to improve food hygiene standards.

Keywords: White cheese, Ricotta, Microbial quality, Contamination.

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Najari Sghaier⁽¹⁾ Atoui Ahlem*⁽¹⁾ and Abdennebi Moldi⁽¹⁾

 (1). Institute of Arid Regions, Faculty of sciences (F.S.G) Gabés, University of Gabés, Médenine. Tunisia.

(* Corresponding author: Dr. Atoui Ahlem, E-mail : ahlematoui@gmail.com).

Received: 08/06/2020                               Accepted: 22/09/2020

Abstract

The study aimed to develop a set of indicators of an economic and biological nature that can be adopted from a better evaluation of the productivity of different genetic groups resulting from the local breeding program for goats with improved and specialized breeds in the oases of southern Tunisia. The proposed indicators depend on adjusting the average qualifications of milk and meat production for each genetic group, by taking into account the outcome of the breeding season and the cost of breeding for each group separately. The database was collected over a period of 22 years in the caprine herd of the Arid Areas Institute of Médenine. It consisted of direct records of 1,654 weights and 993 records of periodic milk production for members of the domestic goat herd, imported breeds, and hybrid groups. The proposed economic and vital indicators are based on collecting and adjusting all the components of milk production and growth of the goat by calculating the reproductive data, mortality, infertility and abortion. In the second stage, the productivity obtained above is modified by dividing it by the average metabolic weight (P ^0.75), which reduces the cost of breeding, which is correlated with the relative body size and feeding requirements in particular, which differ from one genetic group to another. The application of economic and biological indicators led to a classification and evaluation of productivity completely different from what was obtained based on a comparison of individual performance and production only as usual and which does not reflect the true effectiveness of the heterogeneous herds. It was noted that some strains, with high performance from milk products or heavy weights in weaning, were subject to evaluation influencing their ranking due to infertility rates or high mortality. Moreover, the correction by metabolic weight has profoundly altered the genetic difference arrangement in favor of local goats and marsiana with small sizes compared to latin, damascene and hybrid goats. Consequently, the incorporation of all productive components and animal behavior into the evaluation criteria provides effective technical means for comparing the productive performance of heterogeneous herds which supports the effectiveness of genetic improvement programs. Improvements can be made to the studied indicators by calculating other elements that interfere in the outcome of education or by adopting individual indicators instead of the medium, which is included in future studies.

Key words: Productivity assessment indicators, Local goats, Crossbreeding, Metabolic weight.

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Kamal Krishna Mistry^*(1) Md. Harunor-Rashid⁽¹⁾ and Ratna Halder⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Botany, Ausmatulla Ideal School and College, Solmize, Basundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

(*Corresponding author: Kamal Krishna Mistry. E-Mail: kkmistryphd@yahoo.com).

Received: 03/07/2020                               Accepted: 23/08/2020

Abstract

This study was carried out with Household Solid Waste (HSW) management and environmental pollution in Dhaka City (Azimpur Colony), during May 2018 to survey waste management and disposal, and to study water supply, sanitation, HSW management, and drainage services following ranking IV, III, II, I with priority index where householders emphasized to HSW management, also, to record, the majority of people attached to solid waste management (II). In other way, to identify problems of waste disposed of indiscriminately, irregular removal of waste dustbins, waste disposed outside the dustbin and water-logging due to blockage of drains with waste by priority ranked I, II, III, IV. The priority index (0.588) with rank (I) indicated more significant to follow ‘waste disposed outside the dustbin’. However, 50% of respondents preferred average rating of the municipal solid waste management system (rating based) and the maximum respondents (81%) were unsatisfactory and 19% were satisfactory regarding waste disposal of the study area.

Key words: Improper waste management, Waste disposal, Environmental pollution.

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Maysaa Haji Mohammad^*(1)  Mohammad Hassan⁽¹⁾ and Nisrin Naksho⁽²⁾

(1). Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University. Latakia, Syria.

(2). Food Microbiology, National Commission of Biotechnology,  Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Maysaa Haji Mohammad. E-Mail: maysaahajje92@gmail.com).

Received: 20/06/2020                               Accepted: 12/10/2020

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of handling Boops boops fish on its quality and safety. The samples were freshly collected from Lattakia sea water traced from catch till arrival to the consumer, during the period from September 2018 until October 2019. Bacteria species were determined using MacConkey agar, SS Agar and Manitol Salt Agar. The results showed that the number of microorganisms increased during fish handling and reached its highest level in the marketplace, this increase was observed particularly in summer. The gills were the most infected part by handling followed by the scales and finally the eyes. The results also showed the presence of gram positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella sp., where the most infected stage was in the market.

Key words: Boops boops, TAPC, Handling, Syrian marine waters.

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Hashim Mhawi Tuama Alibadi^*(1) andAlaa .S. Jabbar⁽²⁾

(1). Agricultural Directorate of Maysan, Iraq.

(2). Collage of Agriculture, University of Basra, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Hashim Mhawi Tuama Alibadi, E-mail: hashimmhawi@yahoo.com).

Received: 27/07/2020                               Accepted: 21/09/2020

Abstract

This study was conducted on a family Carabidae during the period from 1/12/2018 to 30/11/2019 at the province of Maysan, the research included a diagnostic and environmental study of the species  Drypta lineola Macleay 1825,  the classification of species, genera and families of ground beetles on the study of adult insects. The results showed that the aforementioned species was registered in Maysan Governorate / Iraq (Qal’at Salih area). It recorded the highest numerical density of adult insects in April and October , at a rate of 8 adult insects / trap per month. The most important diagnostic character of adult insects: Medium sized insects, elongated and Symmetrical sides; labrum trilobed; antennae long and slender, scape longer than all joints and it had two colors, pronotum almost cylindrical, brown; tarsal joint 4 bilobed; elytra parallel-sided, wide near the top, consisting of two colors.

Key words: Coleoptera, Carabidae, Dryptera lineola, Maysan, Qal’at Salih, Iraq.

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Karem M. Mohanny⁽¹⁾ Ahmed M. M. Ebieda^*(2)  Ghada S. Mohamed⁽¹⁾ Refaat O.H. Allam⁽¹⁾ and Marwa A. A. Sadan⁽²⁾

(1). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Egypt.

(2). Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ahmed M. M. Ebieda. E-Mail:ahmedebieeda@yahoo.com).

Received: 24/08/2020                               Accepted: 15/10/2020

Abstract

The current work was carried out at the El-Mattana Agricultural Research Station, Luxor Governorate during the 2016/17 and 2017/18 seasons to assess the best possible expression to S. sacchari (SS)infestation and its population ecology. Six promising sugarcane cultivars  were  utilized. Six infestation techniques of SS were applied (i.e. Population density (PD), infested internode numbers (IIN), IIN %), infested stalk numbers (Isn), Isn % and infestation index (II)). For determination PD, nymphs, females, adult females and all stages were detected to select the best expression for PD. All stages of SS per 10 plants were used because the females and the adult females were small numbers. The population ecology of SS is changed, now sexual dimorphism not available because the male is absent but the parthenogenetic mode of reproduction is only observed in Egypt. Sep had the highest rates of infestation across two seasons.  The  largest  ranges  for  nymph  &  all  stages  were  between  15  Aug  and  15  Dec  and  for  females and adult females  between  15  Aug  and  1  October. G3 and GT54-9 were highly sensitive and G4 had a high tolerance. At the same time, the grades G48-47, G2003-44 and G 99-103 are moderately susceptible to SS infestation. The  cultivars  being  tested  as  well  as  the  seasons  varied  greatly  in  their  susceptibility  to  S. sacchari based   on   the   various   their  properties or seasons. The comparing correlations between climatic parameters and infested techniques revealed that the best expression for SS to infest sugarcane was IIN%, Isn and Isn%.

Key words: Sugarcane, Saccharicoccus sacchari, Population ecology.

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Waseem Yousef Daoud^*(1)

(1). Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Waseem Yousef Daoud. E-Mail: waseem.daoud@yahoo.com).  

Received: 13/09/2020                               Accepted: 17/10/2020

Abstract

Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs) with Zero Valent Iron (ZVI) have been used to remediate groundwater contaminated with metals such hexavalent chromium Cr(VI). Cr(VI) is of particular environmental concern due to its toxicity and mobility and is challenging to remove from industrial wastewater. It is a strong oxidizing agent that is carcinogenic and mutagenic, and diffuses quickly through soil and aquatic environments. It does not form insoluble compounds in aqueous solutions, so separation by precipitation is not feasible. While Cr(VI) oxyanions are very mobile and toxic in the environment, trivalent Cr(III) cations are not. Like many metal cations, Cr(III) forms insoluble precipitates. Thus, reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III) makes its removal from effluent easier and also reduces its toxicity and mobility. At high pH values iron precipitations are expected to occur which lead to changes in ZVI surface, therefore the reactivity and hydraulic performance of ZVI decrease over time.  ZVI reactivity was prolonged by adding pyrite (FeS₂) to ZVI for scavenging oxygen in feed water as well as neutralizing the effects of . An increase in Cr(VI) removal was found in ZVI preceded by FeS₂.

Keywords: Permeable reactive barriers; Polluted groundwater; Hexavalent chromium; Zero valent iron; Pyrite.

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Alaa Mohamad Soubh^*(1)

(1). School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Alaa Mohamad Soubh. Email: soubh@ut.ac.ir; alaa.sobh1984@yahoo.com).

Received: 14/09/2020                               Accepted: 17/10/2020

Abstract

In this research, the performance of O₃/H₂O₂ process for the removal the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of raw leachate landfill was studied. The experiments were conducted in a laboratory reactor. This research has been done in Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, during the year 2018. In this study, the effects reaction time (0-120 min), pH (3-11), O₃ mass flow rate (0-1.21 gr hr-1), and H₂O₂ dose (1-7 gr L-1) on the treatment of raw leachate landfill was studied. The Maximum removal efficiency of COD  at optimize operational conditions (reaction time: 60 min, pH 8.5, O₃ mass flow rate 0.65 gr hr^-1 and H₂O₂ dose 4 gr L^-1) was 97% .

Keywords: Ozone, H₂O_2, COD, Leachate landfill.

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