Mohamad Hamza Istanbuly⁽¹⁾ and Mustafa Nur Istanbuly ^*(1)(2)    

(1). Department of Renewable Natural Resources and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture
       Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(2) Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

(*Corrsponding author: Mustafa Nur Istanbuly, steevanur@yahoo.com.).

Received: 13/05/2019                               Accepted: 07/06/2019

Abstract

The development of remote sensing techniques was accompanied by an evolution in statistical analysis techniques and software used to improve analysis of remote sensing data such as NDVI values. The objective of this study was to analyze the changes in vegetation cover in the Afrin region, Syria, using the NDVI, the R programming language and analysis of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The changes in the NDVI values ​​extracted from Landsat satellite images were analyzed for the years of study and the relationship between them and the studied areas. The results showed a clear correlation between the amount of changes in Normalized Difference Vegetation index values ​​by regions and years of study. The changes in the Koy area were not related to the years of study and are from prior years of 2010. For 2010 and 2011, changes in vegetation cover were due to change in the regions (Rajo and Koran), meaning that in these two regions most changes were observed during these two years. For the Basouta region, the changes were in 2010. As for the year 2016, it was not associated with any specific change for a given region and distributed throughout the study area. For kasimli, the change in vegetation is mainly distributed over the years 2013-2014-2015. Belbbol region where change was related to 2014 and 2015. The prediction of the case of forest cover in the Afrin area showed two possibilities: either to remain in this condition and this coverage for the next 10 years or the worst case scenario for the total loss of forest coverage until 2020. The study showed that the use of NDVI is an effective method of monitoring and management Forestry coverings and the merge of novel methods in the analysis of satellite images with modern statistical methods is an effective tool for understanding and interpreting changes in the target forest coverings of the study. This paper showed clearly how it can to merge Time factor with spatial factor to explain forestry covers changing using new methods.

Keyword: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Principal component analysis, Remote sensing, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Rusul Tawfiq Ali ¹ and Sajida A. Al-Shaheen¹

(1) Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Basra,Basra,Iraq.

 (*Corrsponding author: Rusul Tawfiq Ali.E-Mail: Rusul94119411@gmail.com).

Received: 17/10/2020                               Accepted: 01/11/2020

Abstract

This study was conducted with the aim of determining the association of the genetic polymorphisms of perilipin gene (PLIN1 gene) with body weight and abdominal fat weight of broiler chickens (Ross 308) using the nitrogen base sequence analysis technique. The results of DNA sequence analysis Conducted in the Korean company (Macrogen). showed the base change (T>C) at the 294 base pair position in the fifth exon region of the gene. The results of the genetic description showed the presence of two alleles (C, T) and two genotypes (CC, CT). The observed numbers of CC and CT genotypes were 9, 3 respectively. The allele C was of the highest allele frequency (0.875) and the allele T was of the lowest allele frequency (0.125). The CC genotype showed the highest genotype frequency (0.75%) and the CT were of the lowest genotype frequency (0.25%). The observed and expected allelic heterozygosity percentage was (0.25, 0.22), respectively. The average percentage of heterozygosity was (0.21). The results showed no significant (P ≥0.05) effect of the two genotypes; CC and CT of perilipin gene (PLIN1 gene) and gender on mean of body weight and abdominal weight at 5 and 7 weeks of age.

Key words: Hybrid Broiler Ross 308, Perilipin Gene PLIN1, Genotypic Polymorphism.

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Alaa Mohamad Soubh^(1)* and Mohamad Ghalebizade⁽²⁾

(1). School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

(2). Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran.

(*Corrsponding author: Dr. Alaa Mohamad Soubh. E-Mail: soubh@ut.ac.ir )

Received: 19/10/2020                               Accepted: 08/11/2020

Abstract

Methylene blue (MB) is the most commonly used substance for dyeing cotton, wood and silk. The removal of this substance from colored effluent has become the biggest problem for textile industry. The purpose of this research is to investigate the performance of advanced oxidation process – radical sulfate through the activation of persulfate (PS) by converter sludge (CS) to remove methylene blue of aqueous solutions. It was conducted in a batch reactor. The performance of nanomaterials obtained from the converter sludge of Esfahan Steel Company, Iran was investigated for persulfate activation . Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis are used to investigate the surface morphology and to examine the surface elemental composition of converter sludge. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of converter sludge were obtained using an X-ray diffractometer. The effects of pH (3-9), CS dosage (0.4-1.6 g L^-1), persulfate concentration (1-4 mmol L^-1), and reaction time (0-60 min) on the removal of 10 mg L^-1 methylene blue. The maximum removal efficiency of methylene blue under optimal operational conditions (pH 3, CS dosage 1.2 g L^-1, persulfate concentration 2.5 mmol L^-1 and reaction time: 20 min) was 89%.

Key words: Methylene blue, Persulfate, Converter sludge, Radical sulfate, remove.

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Waseem Yousef Daoud^*(1)

 (1). Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University  of   Technology. Tahran. Iran

 (^*Corresponding author: Waseem Yousef Daoud. EMail:waseem.daoud@yahoo.com).

Received: 15/10/2020                   Accepted: 23/11/2020

Abstract

Over the last decade, there has been an explosion in activities directed to development and implementation of PRBs. Considering the high concentrations of ammonium, heavy metals and organic contaminants in landfill leachate-contaminated groundwater, single-reactor-PRB may not be effective; for that reason a sequenced PRB has been developed. The major objective of this study is to investigate and compare the adsorption performances of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) which is a form of carbon processed to have small, low volume pores that increase the surface area, and Natural Zeolite (NZ) which is the aluminosilicate, on one hand and combination of them in remediating landfill leachate-contaminated groundwater on the other. To come close to this goal, a novel PRB in pilot scale was designed in Plexiglas column. Three parts of 5 cm heigh were considered to put the reactive media in the middle of the column. The simulated groundwater contaminated with a COD concentration of 600 mg/l was supplied to the end of the column in upflow direction with a flow rate of 10 ml/min. by a small pump. Results showed that GAC has predominated NZ for COD removal. However, no significant removal of COD could be observed by using only NZ as a reactive medium. In addition, using NZ and GAC layers simultaneously had no significant effect on COD removal. Therefore, due to NZ acting as a good adsorbent for ammonium and heavy metals, it is recommended that the NZ and GAC compartments should rather be considered as up-gradient and down-gradient barriers, respectively.

Key words: PRB, Landfill Leachate, Groundwater, Zeolite, GAC, COD Removal.

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Kaies Sami Muhamed* ⁽¹⁾, and Ammar Fakhree Khdeer⁽²⁾

(1)- Environment Department, Local directorate of Slah Al-Deen Iraq.

(2)-Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Takreet University, Iraq.

 (*Corrsponding author: Kaies Sami Muhamed. E-Mail: muhamadabo243@gmail.com).

Received: 09/02/2019                               Accepted: 10/11/2019

Abstract

The experiment was conducted in the wooden canopy of the Department of Horticulture and Gardening Engineering – College of Agriculture / Tikrit University during the spring season 2019-2020 to study the phytoremediation of lead and copper pollution by using Damas Conocarpus lancifolius saplings. Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) was used with three replications and three factors that were arranged within the experimental units according to the split-split plot system. Where the organic matter coefficients (0, 20) g kg^-1, symbolized as F₀, F₁, were distributed on the main plots, and soil pollution factors (0, 0.4, 1.25) g kg^-1, Which coded as P₀, P₁, P₂, Were distributed in the secondary plots. The third factor was sulfur (0, 1.5, 3) g kg^-1 which coded as S₀, S₁, and S₂ in the sub plots. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy elements in the soil decreased at the end of the experiment, and this indicated the ability of Damas plant phytoremediation soil polluted heavy elements . And Damas plant’s high ability to accumulate heavy elements (lead and copper) in different tissues and parts. As the plant accumulation of heavy elements increased by increasing heavy elements concentrations. It was found that the highest accumulation of these two elements was in the root system (358.89) mg kg^-1 at a concentration (0.4) g kg^-1 for the element of lead when treatment P₁ and (293.67) mg kg^-1 at a concentration (1.25) g kg^-1 for the element. Copper when treated with P₂..

Keyword: Damas sapling, Heavy elements , Sulphur, Organic matter.

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Wael Habib ⁽¹⁾ Fayez Al-Mikdad⁽¹⁾ and Mohammad Ghoush⁽²⁾    

(1). Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Latakia, (GCSAR). Damascus, Syria.

(2). Agro-Economy, General Commission of Scientific Agricultural Researches, Syria.

(3). Agro-Economy, Tishreen University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Wael Habib. E-Mail:wael.ha76@gmail.com).

Received: 06/08/2020                               Accepted: 01/09/2020

Abstract

The objective of the research is to analyze the time series of olive oil production in Syria (1961-2018) and defining its components and characteristics in order to determine the appropriate predictive mode. In addition to estimate, the predictive value of the supposed production during the period of the Syrian crisis (2011-2018) thus estimating losses as a result of this crisis. The results showed that the time series of olive oil in Syria is not stationary. It characterized by three trends of development, the first is a general trend that tends to rise, and the second is a cyclical trend, ie, biennial bearing (BB). The third is a random trend resulting from abnormal climatic changes or security disturbances. The timing of biennial bearing Phenomena id difficult to predict. It was found that, the BB was responsible for 21.7% of the increase in production in the years of positive /bearing production (the increase above the level of the general production of the series). In contrast, this factor is responsible for 18.9% of the decline in production in the years of negative/nonbearing production. The best model for predicting olive oil production in Syria was ARIMA (3.1.1), but the parameter of the lagY_t-2 was insignificant. The self-regression parameters (AR) declare that the behavior of this time series is often determined by its values in the first and third recent years. While the moving average parameters (MA) indicates that, the behavior of the time series (Y_t)is often determined in terms of the current random noise and the previous random noise. According to estimates of this model, the total losses of olive oil production in Syria as a result of the Syrian crisis amounted to (277.3) thousands tons. These losses are mostly due to the security unrest and the abnormal climate changes that accompanied the crisis years as well.

Keyword: Olive Production in Syria, Box-Jenkins Models, Time Series, Biennial/Alternative   Bearing, Cyclical Trends.

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Eissa Nofal^(*1)   Maan Daud⁽¹⁾ Boshra khozam⁽¹⁾

(1). General Commission for scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Eisaa Noafal . E-Mail: issa.mh.nofal@gmail.com).

Received: 05/08/2019              Accepted: 07/09/2019

Abstract

The FORCACT function was used to confirm the equation also the result was identical. There was a negative correlation between dry temperature and precipitation, and dry years exceeded 53.3% but the wet years was 46.6% of the observed years. A prediction equation was found for the quantities of precipitation based on the observed years which was y = – 0.1862x + 368.24. The forecasting for the year 2025 was 360.79 mm / year and therefore the annual rate decreased by 4.688 mm compared with the base years. The forecasting equation matched with the cumulative difference values method in calculating the annual rainfall in 2025 where the equation was: y = – 0.1862 x + 2.8863. Herein, the average of precipitation was 360,843, which is 4.617 mm lower than the average compared with the base years. When the equation of precipitation prediction was derived by applying the three-year moving average method, the resulted equation was: y = – 0.0984 x + 366.91 and when tested with DATA ANALYSIS and MOVING AVEREG the annual average reached 362.9 mm / year in 2025, this means a decrease in the quantity of precipitation of 2.56. mm / year compared with the observed years.

Keywords: Temperature, Precipitation, Forecasting, Regression equation, Moving averages, Homs meteo station.

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Louna Rizk Allah Kasoha ^*1

(1) Biotechnoloy center, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Syria.

 (*Corrsponding author: Louna Kasoha .E-Mail: Lonaty99@hotmail.com).

Received: 31/08/2020                               Accepted: 22/11/2020

Abstract

This research was conducted to produce oyster mushroom spawn using 12 different grain kinds including wheat grain as control, barley, chickpea, lentil, pea, and mixture of wheat +  barley, wheat + chickpea, wheat +  lentil, wheat +  pea, barley +  chickpea, barley +  lentil, and  barley +  pea in rating 50%, to study the effect of these grain spawn on the mycelium growing all over the substrate, moreover, to study the effect of spawn produced from those grain on the productivity on wheat straw substrate and its biological efficiency. The experiments were conducted at Aleppo University – Biotechnology centre, during 2019-2020. The strain 3015 was cultivated on 12 grain mixture types. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized blocks design, and data were statistically analysed using GENSTAT program and ANOVA tables were calculated. LSD0.05 were used to compare among the means based on each experiment.

The results showed that grain kinds had clear effect on spawn on grain substrate, wheat substrate, and productivity as spawn completed growth after 5.8 days on 50 % barley + 50 % pea and pea substrates which was the shortest and significantly differences from the other grain kinds. Also they were the fastest on spawn growth on wheat substrate as they reach 9.97 and 10.27 days, respectively, and they achieved the highest production of 404.61 and 383 g/kg, respectively. They also gave biological efficiency of 101.15 % and 95.76 %, respectively. Results also showed that spawn growth on substrate with two grain types took shorter time in comparison with growing in substrate consist of one type of grain, which made the two grain kinds substrate enter production stage early and gave higher oyster mushroom production. All these grain substrates were significantly superior wheat grain substrate in production quantity and biological efficiency (higher than 80%), so all these grain spawns were suitable to produce oyster mushroom spawn instead of using wheat grains alone.

Keyword: Grain spawn, Mixtures, oyster mushroom spawn, Mycelium, and productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Wafaa Abedo^(1)*

(1). Horticulture department, Faculty of agriculture, university of Aleppo.

(*Corrsponding author: Dr. Wafaa Abedo. E-Mail:madrid198182@yahoo.com).

Received: 30/7/020                                   Accepted: 01/09/2020

Abstract

The research was carried out in the laboratories of Horticulture department in faculty of agriculture, university of Aleppo between 2017- 2018 with the aim of studying the germination and growth of walnut seeds Juglans regia L (Al-Agami), which were planted in two different mediums (Betmus or Perrine) after mechanical processing )seeds completely removed the pericarp and scraped seeds and other with chemical processing (sodium tipochloride or tetra ammonium salt). The results showed the superiority of beatmos medium over perine medium and the completely peeled seeds over scraped seeds. The tetra ammonium salt was the highest in the germination percentage and the other growth characteristics.

Keywords: Walnut, Germination, Agricultural mediums, Seed dormanncy

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Alaa Khallouf ^*(1)Reem Abdul Hamid ⁽²⁾ Waseem Almesaber(³)

 (1) .Department of Natural Resources Research – General Commission for scientific Agricultural Research

 (2) .Department of Horticulture Research – General Commission for scientific Agricultural Research

(3) .Department of Soil Science – Faculty of Agriculture – University of Damascus

(*Corrsponding author: Alaa Khallouf. E-Mail:alaakhallouf@gmail.com).

Received: 04/05/2019                               Accepted:25 /06/2019

Abstract

The research was conducted to study the spatial suitability of olive cultivation at Misayaf area, Hamah governorate. Two types of parametric methods were used: Storie and Square Root. Results were compared with the simple limitation approach. Land was divided according to Zinck in to: level plains unit (PL1, PL2, PL3), unit of valleys and depressions (LD1, LD2, LD3, LV, LF), the hills land unit (Hil2, Hil3, Hilns) and the slope and steeply land unit (Slg2, Slg3, Sm2, Sm3, St). The results of the evaluation showed that the plains of the PL1 deep plains unit, the deep depressions unit of LD1 and the LV sediment were moderately suitable S2 according to the simple constraint method and the Square Root method, while the suitability class was reduced to marginal suitability using Storie method. As for the moderately deep flat plains, low depression LD2, hills Hil2, and foot slops land LF were according to the Simple Constraints and Square Root methods with a marginal suitability S3 and N with Storie method. While the rest of the units were not suitable for using all three methods. When testing the best way to evaluate land by comparing parametric methods with the simple limitation method, correlation results showed that the best method was the Square Root method with a significant correlation coefficient r = 0.903 at 1% confidence level.

Key words: Square root, Land units, Simple limitations, spatial suitability and Olive.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF