Ahmed Kassem^(1)*, Mohamed shafiq Hakim⁽¹⁾ and Abbdullah al Youssef ⁽²⁾

(1). Dept. of Field crop, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Aleppo Research Centre -General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ahmed Kassem.E-mail: ahmedkassem11194@gmail.com).

Received: 23/11/2020             Accepted: 8/04/2021

Abstract   

The study was carried out during 2018/2019 season in  two locations, first at AL-sfira zone B (rainfed) and Hmayma location zone C (irrigated)  belong to Scientific Agriculture Research Center in Aleppo, the study aim to identification of  selection indicators for local wheat Lips (Triticum durum) under varying environmental conditions، 25 durum wheat genotypes of (local lines) were planted in addition to 5 cultivars Cham 3, Cham 5, Cham 7, Cham 9 and Doma1 as a check verities under two treatments (water-stress) and (un-water stress) in a randomized complete block design with two replications Grain yield were studied and the percentage of reduction was estimated as result of drought stress, the Correlation between phonological  indicators (Days to Heading, Days to Maturity), morphological (peduncle length, spike length, Awn length), Flag leaf Area  and grain yield under both conditions was estimated for determining the most effective indices which were used to breeding programs،qualities were studied use of path Analysis were studied for qualities to know the contribution of each attribute yields ،The result showed the drought stress reduced grain yield for all genotypes significantly,  the lowest decreases was observed in cham5 compared to the rest of control and genotypes with decrease of (8.15%) which gave the highest productivity in rainfed agriculture conditions by (3289 kg/h) followed by the genotype Horani nawawy with a decrease of (9.85%) with a productivity of (2653 kg/h). The result showed presence of positive and high moral genetic and phenotypic link between grain yield and (Grains Per Spike, 1000 – Kernel Weigh) While the link was negative and highly moral with (Days to Heading, Days to Maturity) the weight attribute of one thousand tablets is more contributing to yield with positive direct effect(0.35) in irrigated farming conditions، in rainfed agriculture the results indicated a positive and highly significant genetic and phenotypic correlation between grain yield and (1000 – Kernel Weight, Spikes Per Unit Area, Flag Leaf Area, Awn Length) while the link was negative and highly moral with (Days to Heading, Days to Maturity) the number of spikes per square meter was the most direct attribute of yield with positive direct effect (0.282)، the recipe for number of days until splicing had a direct negative effect on grain yield (-0.403).  

Key wards: Durum Wheat, Selection indices, Drought Tolerance, combined analysis ، path Analysis.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Yasmine Ghandour ^(1*),Mahmood Alio⁽¹⁾ and Omar Farousi ⁽¹⁾

(1). Dep. Agricultural Economics., Fac. Agric., Tishreen Univ., Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Yasmine Ghandour. E-mail: sisialamera121212@gmail.com).

Received: 23/11/2020         Accepted: 24/02/2021

Abstract

The aim of the research is to establish an integrated database for poultry layers farms in the coastal region of Syria, focusing on the Jeriemquia poultry farm as a case study. Where the research was carried out by relying on a field questionnaire with the aim of identifying the technical characteristics of the poultry farm and all the production and marketing processes of the poultry for the production cycle 2018-2019. The research relied on comparing the results of the descriptive analysis of financial indicators with their value resulted from the database analysis to shed light on the most important features of the database compared to traditional methods of records management. Access 2010 was used to design and build the desired database. The results showed that the resulting database was characterized by flexibility and the ability to relate the basic variables to each other. According to this rule, the health indicators of the herd were monitored, the most important of which was the total mortality rate, which amounted to about 4.7% on average during the production cycle. The weekly consumption of feed from 70-750g / bird is an average of 620g / bird per week. Likewise, with regard to egg production, as the total egg production of the studied flock reached 16.5 million eggs. Taking in consideration the flock size that estimated at 60 thousand birds at the beginning of the period, the average productivity of the bird in the studied poultry reached 326 eggs / production cycle, with an average of 60.3 grams per egg. As for the financial analysis, the characteristics of the logical database were used to build relationships and inquiries in order to calculate costs and revenues, as it was found that the studied poultry farm was able to achieve net revenues from one production cycle estimated at about 26.4 million SP. This is mainly due to the ability of the domesticated animal to obtain basic fodder and some other inputs from government institutions at reduced prices compared to the market. As the total costs of one production cycle in this farmhouse were about 515.8 million SP. The cost of feed was the most important item by 82.3%, followed by the value of chicks by 4.1%, then fuel and veterinary medicinal materials at a rate of 3.7 and 3.3% for each, respectively.

Key words: database, poultry layers, table eggs, ACCESS Database.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Maya Al-Abdala^*(1), Safwan Abou Assaf ^{( 1)} and Afraa Sallowm ⁽²⁾

(1). Socio Economic Directorate, Swaida Research Centre, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Maya Al- Abdala. E-mail: mayaabdala6@gmail.com).

Received: 19/10/2020         Accepted: 20/04/2021

Abstract:

The research aimed to study the basic economic indicators of productivity and profitability in broiler breeding projects in Swaida region, located in Syria. Primary data obtained through a questionnaire that targeted broiler breeders in 2018, by sample size (total 104) broilers representing 50% of the studied statistical community. The results showed that the broiler projects at the sample level did not show economic feasibility in terms of all the economic indicators for the summer operating cycle, as indicated by the following indicators: Net income of 33346.7 SP/unit. And the value of the gross margin 318146.7 SP / And the slight rise in the ratio of revenues to the costs from the correct one. Which amounted to 1.004% and the operating ratio of 0.99% and the profitability of the Syrian Lira invested at 0.4%. And the analysis of financial indicators at the level of categories has been found that the third category with a production capacity of more than 7,500 birds showed all indicators of economic feasibility. These projects are economically viable and demonstrate the ability of these projects to pay their cash and non-monetary obligations. While the winter operating cycle showed unfeasibility of these projects, whether at the sample level or at the level of all studied categories. The study also recommended the need to pay attention to small production capacities, and try to merge them with each other and develop them to increase their profitability. It is preferable to go to the poultry farms with the largest production capacity (whose production capacity exceeds 7500 birds), especially after it became clear that the poultry with medium and small production capacities was not feasible.

Keyword: Revenues, Financial Evaluation, Costs, Economic Capacities, Broiler.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Maya Al-Abdala^*(1), Safwan Abou Assaf ^{( 1)} and Afraa Sallowm ⁽²⁾

(1). Socio Economic Directorate, Swaida Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2) Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Maya Al- Abdala. E-mail: mayaabdala6@gmail.com).

Received: 19/10/2020         Accepted: 20/04/2021

Abstract:

The research aimed to study the basic economic indicators of productivity and profitability in broiler breeding projects in Swaida region, located in Syria. Primary data obtained through a questionnaire that targeted broiler breeders in 2018, by sample size (total 104) broilers representing 50% of the studied statistical community. The results showed that the broiler projects at the sample level did not show economic feasibility in terms of all the economic indicators for the summer operating cycle, as indicated by the following indicators: Net income of 33346.7 SP/unit. And the value of the gross margin 318146.7 SP / And the slight rise in the ratio of revenues to the costs from the correct one. Which amounted to 1.004% and the operating ratio of 0.99% and the profitability of the Syrian Lira invested at 0.4%. And the analysis of financial indicators at the level of categories has been found that the third category with a production capacity of more than 7,500 birds showed all indicators of economic feasibility. These projects are economically viable and demonstrate the ability of these projects to pay their cash and non-monetary obligations. While the winter operating cycle showed unfeasibility of these projects, whether at the sample level or at the level of all studied categories. The study also recommended the need to pay attention to small production capacities, and try to merge them with each other and develop them to increase their profitability. It is preferable to go to the poultry farms with the largest production capacity (whose production capacity exceeds 7500 birds), especially after it became clear that the poultry with medium and small production capacities was not feasible.

Keyword: Revenues, Financial Evaluation, Costs, Economic Capacities, Broiler.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf 

Suzan Moualla ^{(1) *}and  Ghassan Yaqoub ⁽¹⁾

(1) . Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Eng. Suzan Moualla. E- Mail: suzymualla@gmail.com).  

Received: 3/01/2021           Accepted: 13/06/2021

Abstract  

The research was carried out in the Sheikh Badr district in Tartous governorate for the 2019 agricultural season due the importance of cultivating the tobacco crop in this region, A cluster random sample was taken and the sample size was calculated according to Morgan. A special search questionnaire was designed and its data collected from 355 views. The study aimed to study the reality of tobacco cultivation in Syria in general and the relative importance of its cultivation in Tartous governorate in particular in addition to identifying the most prominent training needs of farmers and production constraints it also aimed to study the most important financial indicators of tobacco cultivation. the study found that the most important training needs for farmers are methods of identifying and controlling diseases that affect the crop, Also, the majority of farmers suffer from the lack of effective pesticides, their high prices, and the lack of seeds in a timely manner. The total production costs per dunum were about (175595) SP, the net farm income per dunum was about (73730) SP and the profit was about (58405) SP .the study recommended expansion by supporting the cultivation of the tobacco crop, conducting and encouraging research in the field of plant protection, in addition to improving extension activities and enhancing the role of the agricultural guide                 

Keywords: tobacco, production costs, net farm income, profit.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Zeinab Hasso ^{* (1)}, Maher Yousef ⁽¹⁾ and Nerouz Ferdawi ⁽¹⁾

(1). Dept. of economic, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Zeinab Hasso. E-Mail: zeinabhasso1992@gmail.com).

Received    21 / 12 / 2020               Accepted    24/02/2021                         

Abstract

The aim of the research is to analyze the risk in the layer Poultry Farms of eggs in the governorate Aleppo, using the uncertainty (CE) method through the estimation of the functions of each breeder of the layer poultry breeders in the studied governorate, and use the coefficient pratt to see the desire of the producer towards risk, and use multiple linear regression model to analyze the relationship between the risk factor (dependent factory), and some of the socio-economic characteristics of the farms (independent factors). Search adopted in the implementation of the initial data for a sample of Poultry egg were chosen in a manner stratified random sample, and the volume of the sample (16) breeders. The results of that analysis (43.76%,31.25%,25%), educators were neutral towards risk, do not want to risk, they want to risk, based on that, all the breeders were taken, in order to estimate the benefit function and risk factor for each breeder the results of applying the multiple linear regression model that the experience factors and the number of birds positively affect the risk factor, and the number of individuals and the area of domesticated animals negatively affect the risk and affect the dependent factors Y of (78%), and (22%) of the effect is due to other factors has not been studied.

Keywords: Egg Producers -Social Characteristics -Economic Characteristics -The Risk -Aleppo Governorate.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohammad Ghoush ^{* (1)}  and     Mahmoud Alio ⁽¹⁾                 

(1). Dep. Agricultural Eco., Fac. Agric., Tishreen Univ., Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Dr. Mohammad Ghoush. E-Mail:  mohammadgh85@hotmail.com).

Received: 12/12/2020                      Accepted: 7/04/2021

Abstract                                        

This study was conducted on a number of special apiaries in Lattakia Governorate, which is considered one of the most important honey bee keeping areas in Syria, With the aim of calculating the average costs and productive returns of the productive cell, and calculating some economic indicators for this type of agricultural project, using the descriptive economic analysis method, and adopting Average data on the costs and productivity returns of the studied apiaries in the economic calculations. The average annual production costs of the producing cell were 55132 S.P, and the production yield attained 117230 S.P, with an average profit of 62098  S.P, while the average net production costs of honey produced at the cell level amounted to 42318   S.P, and the net profit was 47682   S.P. On other hand, the relative net income per kilo of honey produced is 112.69 % of the total net production costs, while the rentier and profitability coefficients compared to the production costs attained 127.94% and 112.64%, respectively, and economic efficiency was about 2.13, and the Payback period period was about 2.6 years.

Key words: honeybee, analysis, production costs, relative income, profitability coefficients.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Haitham Rajab Manhi Al-Kaisi^(1)* and Samawal Saadi Abdullah Al-Tikriti⁽¹⁾        

(1). Department of Animal Production-College of Agriculture-Tikrit University-Iraq

(*Corrsponding author: Haitham alkaisi. E-Mail: haithamalkaisi85@tu.edu.iq)

Received: 27/01/2021                      Accepted:10/05/2021

 Abstract:

  This study was conducted in the poultry farm of the Animal Production Department – College of Agriculture – Tikrit University from 2/27/2019 to 3/31/2020, To demonstrate the effect of the brown and gold color of plumage and generation in Japanese quail on some productive traits, two lines of Japanese quail with a brown plumage color line consisting of (15 males and 15 females) and line with golden plumage color consisting of (15 males and 15 females) and were raised in rooms with dimensions of 40 x 40 x 40 cm and numbered, and the birds were distributed randomly to the rooms in families and each family at a rate (1: 1) each generation. The results of the study showed significant differences in the effect of plumage color in the trait of the average number of eggs during 56 days of production, while there was no significant effect on average body weight at sexual maturity, the average age at sexual maturity, the average weight of the first egg and the average weight Eggs and average egg mass during 56 days of production. The third generation and parents were superior in the average body weight at sexual maturity and the third and second generation in the trait of age at sexual maturity as well as the third generation surpassed the parents in the trait of the average number of eggs produced during 56 days, while the third and second generation outperformed. And the parents over the first generation in the trait of the average egg mass during 56 days, as for the parents, they were significantly superior to the first and second generation in the average weight of the first egg and the average egg weight within 56 days, As for the overlap between the color of the plumage and the generation, the results showed significant superiority of the third generation with brown plumage color in the trait of the average body weight at sexual maturity and the average number of eggs produced within 56 days, while the third and second generation of brown and gold plumage color were superior in the trait of average age at sexual maturity. The third generation with brown plumage color and the parents of brown and gold plumage color were more than the average egg mass during 56 days, while the parents of brown plumage color significantly outperformed the average weight of the first egg, and the parents of golden plumage color were significantly higher in the average weight of eggs produced during 56 days. We conclude from this that the color of brown plumage was significantly superior to the average number of eggs. As for the generation and the overlap between them, they were significantly affected by the productive and reproductive traits.

Key words: plumage colour, generation, Japanese quail, production traits.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mamon Alamir*⁽¹⁾ and Samer Ebrahim ⁽¹⁾    

 (1). Microbiology Department, Veterinary Faculty- Hama University, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Dr. Mamon alamir. E-Mail: mamon.alamir@gmail.com)

Received: 15/01/2021                      Accepted:20/04/2021

Abstract                                                   

This research aims to investigate Necrotic Enteritis for infected birds through isolating and identification Clostridium perfringens. As well as detecting the existence of the Clostridium Perfringens from cecum for healthy birds. The study has also considered comparing the spread of Clostridium Perfringens in both healthy and infected flocks beside searching for Alpha Toxin Genes in isolates and studying the disease field condition. This has been achieved through collecting 246 samples from birds belonging to various herds and are common in different zones in Hama governorate throughout the period October 2018- October 2020. The results showed that Clostridium perfringens are existing in %22.64 of the samples taken from infected birds and in %5 of the samples taken from healthy ones. The PCR results showed the existence of alpha toxin gene in all the isolates that were collected from both infected and healthy birds. Male birds are more exposed to infection when compared to female ones as of necrotic enteritis. 82.61% of male birds have been recorded infected whereas 17.39% of female ones. The results showed that broilers were more infected than breeders, where it recorded 86.14% of broilers whereas 13.86% of breeders.

Keywords: Clostridium perfringens, necrotic enteritis, alpha toxin, chicken.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Abdul Hadi Hatabi^(1)*    

(1). Animal Prodution department, Faculty of Agriculture,University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Dr. Abdul Hadi Hatabi. E-Mail: abdhat12@gmail.com)

Received: 2/01/2021                                   Accepted: 10/05/2021

Abstract

This study was conducted on a herd of goats in the Aleppo-Sefira governorate, during the 2018/2019 season and included / 44 / goats. The data were subjected to the General Linear Model, and analysis of variance was used to study the effect of the shape of the udder, its type, the length of the teats, the distance between them and their effect on milk production and some of its components. The results showed a significant effect of the shape and type of the udder on the total milk production and the proportion of fat and protein, while the shape and type of the udder did not affect the percentage of lactose. The overall average teat length, nipple circumference and distance between the teats were 6.16, 5.09 and 20.74 cm, respectively. It found a high significant effect of teat length in total milk production, and teat circumference in fat and protein ratio, and teat distance in total milk. The effect of teat length was significant in terms of fat and protein. There was a positive and highly significant correlation between teat length with total milk quantity and fat and protein Percentage.

Keyword: udder, goat, teat, Milk component.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf