Kamel Khalil*⁽¹⁾, Mahmoud Ali ⁽²⁾, Lubna Hassn⁽²⁾

(1). Environmental Prevention Department, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University.

(2). Department of Forestry and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University. (*Corresponding author:Dr. Kamel Khalil. Email: d.kamelkhalil@tishreen.edu.sy)

Received date: 27/11/ 2020              Accepted date: 7/04/2021 

Abstract:

This study aimed to estimate the concentration of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) elements in the thalli of lichen Parmelina pastillifera taken from the Cedar and fir reserve in Slunfah which is an unpolluted area (control area: STC) on 1/6/2019 and transplanted to four sites (ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4) in the city of Latakia (rural and urban), differentiated according to the traffic density and industrial activity. The concentration of lead and cadmium was determined by using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer after placing the lichen in the four sites for grades  periods of time 2, 4, and 6 months of exposure. The results showed an increase in the accumulation of lead and cadmium elements over time at all sites compared with the control. The lead concentration ranged in the sites (53.33-97.17 ppm) and the control (5.75 ppm), and the highest concentration of lead was at the site (ST4), an area of industrial activity. The cadmium concentration ranged (15.10-17.76 ppm) and the control (0.63 ppm) and the highest concentration of cadmium was on site (ST4). The Exposure- to -Control (EC) ranged for lead (9.36-16.90) and for cadmium (23.84-28.04). This means that there is a severe bioaccumulation of the two elements in all sites. As a result, we can consider that Parmelina pastillifera lichen is an effective bioaccumulator that can be adopted in environmental studies for estimating heavy elements (lead and cadmium) in cities where the lichens are missing.

Key words: Transplanted lichens, Parmelina pastillifera, Bioaccumulator, Lead, Ccadmium, Lattakia, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ghiath Abd-al Hameed ^(1)* and Ibrahim Nesafe ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Forestry and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, lattakia, Syria.

(*correspondence: Ghath abd-al hameed. Email: ghiath.277@gmail.com)

Received date: 31/01/ 2021                 Accepted date: 10/05/2021

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to estimate the degree of contamination of soils surrounding the Safraqiah’s Dam in Qurdaha city in Lattakia by lead (Pb), and Nickel (Ni), and study their mobility by estimating the total amount by using the method of digestion with aqua regia, and water extracted form (dissolved form) in the area’s soils. Soil samples were collected from eight sites on surrounding sides of the Safrqiah’s Dam and on two depths (0-30 cm) \ (30-60 cm), for estimating some physical and chemical properties of the soil, and the total and the water-soluble forms. The mean achieved results that the total amount of Pb element was within normal limits is the agricultural lands, because it did not exceed (100 mg/kg), but it was outside the permissible limits in agricultural lands of Ni (50 mg/kg). While the amount of dissolved forms were high for the both elements, it was (2.57 mg\kg) for lead and (2.65 mg\kg) for nickel. On the other hand the percentage for water soluble forms of the total amount was for Pb and Ni (3.25%), (5.1%) respectively. Thus, there is a leaching risk in to the ground water and a possibility of absorption by the plants, especially in clay to sandy soils

Key words: Soil pollution, Heavy metals, Lead, Nickel.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ali Al-haj Akeel^(1)*, Muhammad Nour Al-dean Al-tenbi⁽¹⁾ and Youssef  Khoudary⁽²⁾

(1). Rural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo.

(2).  Soil Reclamation Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo.

(*Corresponding author: Ali Al-haj Akeel. E-Mail: ali.hagaqil@gmail.com).

Received: 25/02 /2021                         Accepted: 20/04/2021

Abstract

The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of different roller shapes (smooth, sharp discs, serrated discs, reciprocating discs) on loam soil physical characteristic and the productivity of lentil yield. An Experiment conducted at village of Tarhine, in the Al-Urimah area in the governorate of Aleppo, bypassing the rollers over the soil after planting in its various forms, and then comparing it with the treatment of control. The results showed that all forms of roller worked to increase the bulk density value and reduce the porosity value, in contrast to the disc roller treatment that reduced bulk density and increased porosity, as well as all forms of roller worked to reduce the value of soil moisture content, compared with the control treatment. Also, all shapes increased the resistance to soil penetration in different percentage compared to the control, and the highest was in the smooth roller and the lowest in the disc roller. Among the indicators of the ability of the soil to retain water after irrigation, the building factor, the percentage of germination and the productivity of the lentil crop. These indicators were the highest in the treatment of reciprocating roller, while the smooth roller treatment gave the lowest values ​​for these indicators.

Keywords: roller, bulk density, porosity, Physical Properties.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Alaa Khallouf ^(1)*, Sameer Shamsham⁽¹⁾ and Younis Idriss⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Soil and Land reclamation- Faculty of Agriculture- Al-Baath University, Homas, Syria.

(2).Researcher, General Organization of Remote Sensing (GORS)

(*corresponding: Eng. Alaa Khallouf Email: alaakhallouf@gmail.com).

Received: 21/11/2020                     Accepted: 10/05/2021

Abstract

The research aims to study of using remote sensing data, including Landsat 8 OLI and DEM (Digital Elevation Model), to predict available micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B) in Misyaf region- Hamah governorate. 56 soil samples were taken in August 2020. The Landsat 8 OLI image was processed and some vegetation indices (NDVI, SAVI, GSAVI) were derived. A Stepwise regression was set based all soil samples in adopting micronutrients- predictive models, while cross-validation method was used to evaluate the performance and the accuracy of the model based on the coefficient of determination(R²), the adjusted coefficient of determination (R²adj), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The results revealed that the topographic factor, particularly elevation, was the most significant factor in predicting Fe, Mn, and Cu with a positive relationship, while Zn had a different behavior, since EVI index was the most important index in predicting of boron. The performance validating the of the models show, the coefficient of determination and the adjusted coefficient of determination of the Fe model were 81.5 and 80.8%, respectively, with RMSE = 2.183 mg/kg, and MAE = 0.744. For manganese, it was found that the model with R² = 66.1%, while the adjusted coefficient of determination = 64.7%, for calibration of the model, it was found that MAE = 0.562 and RMSE = 2.091 mg / kg.

Key words: Basalt-developed Soils, Landsat8 OLI, Micronutrients, Multiple Linear Regression, Misyaf.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Sawsan Hayfa ^(1)*, Amina Alnesser ⁽²⁾and Suzan Abdullah ⁽²⁾

(1). Soil and water science department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University.

 (2) .Basic science department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University.  

 (* Corresponding author: Prof. Sawsan Hayfa.. E-mail: sawsan.hayfa@tishreen.edu.sy).

Received: 5/01/2021                              Accepted: 23/03/2021

Abstract:     

In this study, the total concentration and changeable (mutual) concentration of Cadmium were determined in the agricultural soils in Banias region( Tartous- Syria). Soil samples from five sites from the north-east of the thermal station and the following dimensions: first 200 m, second 2000 m, third 4000 m, fourth 6000 m, fifth 8000 m from the thermal station. samples we taken at each site from two layers: sample from topsoil (0-20)cm, and sample from subsoil (20-40)cm. The relationship studied between this concentration and some soil properties.  The study showed that the total concentration of cadmium in the surface layer of soil ranged between 1.82 – 1.35 mg/kg In the subsurface soils 1.85 – 1.29 mg/kg. The values ​​of changeable concentrations cadmium in topsoil ranged between 0.87 – 0.66mg/kg and in subsoil 0.83 – 0.63 mg/kg. The concentration of cadmium in the topsoil is higher than the subsoil at all sites. All concentrations are within the natural limits and did not exceed the critical limit of 2 mg/kg, There was a positive correlation between total amount of cadmium with organic matter, clay content of soils, CEC and distance of station.

Keywords: Environmental pollution, soil properties, Cadmium, Banyas thermal station.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Tofek Othman *⁽¹⁾ and Omiema Nasser  ⁽¹⁾ and Haitham Eid ⁽²⁾ and Mohamed Manhal Alzoaby⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Environmental Prevention, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). General Commission of Scientific Agricultural Research.

(*Corresponding author: Tofek Othman. E-Mail: tofek.osman@gmail.com).

Received: 12/02/2021                                 Accepted: 7/04/2021

Abstract:

This research aimed to study the effect of application mineral fertilizer (MF), liquid biogas digestate (BD), on some vegetative, productive and quality characteristics of peanuts. The experiment was carried out during (2020) at Zahed station for Water and Irrigation Research, which is located in Tartous Governorate – Syria. The experiment was designed in a Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD), which were 5 treatments and each of them was by 3 replications. The treatments were distributed as follows: control treatment which it was not fertilizer (T0), one MF alone (T1; N 140 kg/h, P 174 kg / h, K 80 kg/h), and three organic BD treatments (6, 8, 10) L/m²; (T2, T3, T4). The results of the statistical analysis of  the BD treatments showed the superiority of the third level (T4) treatment (10) L / m² over the first and second level (T2) and (T3) treatments in plant height, leaf index area, dry weight and biological yield characteristics. While it was not found any statistically significant difference between the two treatments of BD from (T2) and (T3) levels, according to total number of pods and pod yield characteristics. As for the oil ratio, it was found that there were no significant differences between all BD treatments at all levels. The results showed that for MF and BD treatments, each one alone, MF and BD of level T4 (10) L/ m² had the same effect on plant height, dry weight, total number of pods, biological and pod yield characteristic. As for oil ratio; it was noticed that both MF and BD had the similar effect. Also, the results of the experiment showed that both treatments MF and BD were superior to the control treatment with high significant.

Key words: Mineral fertilizer, Biogas digestate, Growth, yield, Peanut.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Bouchra Ali*⁽¹⁾ and Wadieh Khoury⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of  Natural Resources Renewable and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author. Dr. Bouchra Ali. E-Mail: balali76@yahoo.fr)

Received: 22/11/2020                                 Accepted: 23/03/2021

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to assessment and analysis the occurrence of drought, and its impact on surface water resources, by Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Stream Drought Index (SDI). For this purpose used monthly rainfall data in Marqieh River sub basin (the coastal Basin) and Stream flow data for the period (1989-2011).To study the effect of drought on surface water resources, the first were examined the relationship between rainfall, and discharge response and a time lag of rain was calculated. Then  Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) and Stream Drought Index (SDI) evaluated on different timescales (3, 6, 9,12 monthly) using Pearson correlation. Results of both indices indicate moderate drought, and rarely extreme drought during the studied period. It is concluded that both indicators are suitable for monitoring the main droughts in the studied basin

Key words: Drought meteorological, Drought hydrological, Marqieh River Basin, SPI, SDI.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ansam Mahmood ^(1)* and   Khlood Abid-Alelah Mohamad ⁽¹⁾

(1). Ministry of Science and Technology, Agriculture Directorate, Department of Applied Microbiology, Iraqi.

(*Corresponding author: Ansam Mahmood,E-Mail: ansambio95@gmail.com)  .

Received date: 28/12/2020              Accepted date: 10/05/2021

Abstract

This study was conducted to detect the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria in treated drinking water in the Al-Zafaraniya district within Baghdad Province. During the period from September 2018 to July 2019, monthly drinking water samples were collected from AL-Rasheed water treatment plant (that equipped Al-Zafaraniya district) with drinking water and from three selected sites in residential areas at different spaces. Results are expressed seasonally (Autumn, winter, spring and summer). The bacteriological results showed that the highest mean value of the presence of these bacteria was 16.3 ± 1.41CFU/100 ml at R4 site in the summer season.

Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, contamination, water treatment plant.  

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Reem Al-mansour^(1)*, Thamer Hnesh⁽¹⁾, and Zenab Tadber ⁽¹⁾

(1). Crop research addminstration, General commission for scientific agricultural research,(GCSAR) Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Reem Al-Mansour, E-Mail: reemalmansour2@yahoo.com)

Received date: 21/01/2021              Accepted date: 7/04/2021

   Abstract

Field experiment was conducted at Homs Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research during 2015, 2016 to estimate the combining ability for six inbred lines of maize, three of them were sensitive {P1 (IL-197, P2 (IL-90), P3 (IL-29)} and the others were tolerant to drought stress {P4 (IL-200), P5 (IL-339), P6 (IL-239)}. The resultant hybrids were evaluated under well watered and drought conditions applied at tasseling by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The significant variation in the combining ability indicated the importance of both additive and non-additive gene actions in the inheritance of leaf area, leaf area index, net assimilation rate, and grain yield under both conditions. Also results showed the predominance of additive gene action, non-additive gene action under well watered and drought conditions respectively for these traits, except the grain yield trait which showed the predominance of non-additive gene action under both conditions. High narrow sense heritability for leaf area index indicated the importance of this trait in the selection for high grain yield.

Key words: Maize, General combining ability, Specific combining ability, Drought stress, Heritability.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Aya Azzam⁽¹⁾ *, Aya Kanawaty ⁽¹⁾ and Imad aldeen AlKhalaf ⁽¹⁾

(1). Dept. of  Biology, Faculty of science, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Aya azzam . E-mail: aya.azzam151094@gmail.com).

Received: 8/03/2021      Accepted: 23/05/2021

Abstract

Heavy elements have metallic properties such as electrical conductivity, which makes them more toxic even at low concentrations, and chromium is one of the most dangerous elements affecting plants by inhibition seedling and root growth in addition to its ability to reduce biomass. This research was conducted in the Laboratory of Pollution and Plant eenvironment in ddepartment of Plant bbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Aleppo. The aim of this research is to study the effect of chromium element on growth indicators of Zea mays seedlings. The seeds were treated with a series of graduated concentrations of potassium dichromate (25-50-100-200-400) mg. Seed germination indicators represented by germination percentage, dry and wet shoots and roots lengths and weights of maize seedlings were studied. Where all the indicators of seed germination decreased in all the studied concentrations, and the two concentrations (200-400) mg / L had the greatest effect as the roots were burned and died.

Keywords: Chromium, K₂cr₂o_7, potassium dichromate , Phenotypic traits,  Zea mays.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf