Raeda Salah*¹ and Enaam AlSaty¹

1 Faculty of Pharmacy, Tartous University, Tartous, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Raeda Salah, Email: selenamah20614@gmail.com Tel: 0932022672)

Received: 10/05 /2026     Accepted: 1/07 /2026

Abstract: 

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound in extracting compounds with microbial activity from the flowers of Hyssopus officinalis using aqueous alcoholic solvents. For this purpose, we used the response surface methodology and the Box-Bennkin design to determine the optimal extraction parameters: extraction time (10, 20, and 30 minutes), ethyl alcohol concentration (alcohol/water ratio: 50, 65, and 80%), and extraction temperature (25, 40, and 55) ˚C to achieve maximum antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, which was measured by the diffusion method using discs impregnated with hyssop extract and by measuring the diameter of inhibition (dmm). By analyzing the effect of extraction conditions on the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, we were able to express the inhibition diameter using a second-order mathematical model with an R² value of 96.95%. This model showed that extraction at 42.9˚C for 21.5 minutes using a 74.3% solvent (alcohol/water) yielded the highest activity against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, with an inhibition diameter of 19.92 mm. Similarly, by analyzing the effect of extraction conditions on the antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, we were able to express the inhibition diameter using a second-order mathematical model with an R² value of 97.54%. This model showed that the optimal extraction conditions were 42.6˚C for 22.7 minutes with a 70.33% alcohol solvent. (Alcohol/Water) where it gave the highest inhibition efficacy under these conditions, which is 14.65mm.

Keywords: Hyssopus, extraction, ultrasound, antimicrobial activity, inhibition diameter.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF