Category Archives: v7n1 February 2020

First Report of Fusarium torulosum Associated with Root and Crown Rot of Wheat in Syria

Laila Zidan(1) Walid Naffaa*(2) and Dana Jawdat(3)

(1). Second Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Seiwda, Syria.

(2). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Naffaa Walid. E-Mail: walid1851966@yahoo.com or ray-dya@scs-net.org).

Received: 21/12/2019                                Accepted: 21/01/2020

Abstract

Fusarium root and crown rot and head blight are the most important diseases limiting wheat production. Although there are many studies related to these two diseases in the world, few studies were conducted in Syria, where many species have been identified from different regions, based on morphological characteristics and some molecular methods. However, this study is the first report of F. torulosum associated with root and crown rot on wheat in Syria. The morphological characteristics of two isolates were accurately described on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and carnation leaf agar (CLA) medium. Partial TEF-1α gene sequence was amplified using primers ef1 / ef2. Successful PCR amplification of TEF-1α, showing a single band of ~ 700 bp, was obtained. Amplified products were subjected to automated DNA sequencing, and the sequence was compared with the sequences published on the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website, where our isolate FH3 showed 98.04% similarity with the isolate KY659169 of F. torulosum.

Key words: Fusarium torulosum, Wheat, TEF1- α, Root and crown rot, Syria.

Full Paper in Arabic: PDF

Genetic Analysis of Some Productivity Traits and Earliness in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Rawaa El-Shiekh Attiea*(1)

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Rawaa El-Shiekh Attiea. E-Mail: dr. rawaa3@gmail.com).

Received: 12/11/2019                                Accepted: 31/12/2019

Abstract

Genetic potential, combining ability, heterosis effects and heritability were studied in F1 genotypes of Gossypium hirsutum L., at Cotton Research Station in Deir Ezzor, Syria. Four parental genotypes (Aleppo 33/1 (P1), Deir Ezzor 22 (P2), Line 106 (P3) and Line G73 (P4)) and their six F1 half diallel progenies were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2011 season to study seed cotton yield (S.C.Y.kg/don.); lint percentage (L.P.%) and earliness percentage (E.P.%). Results showed significant (p≤0.01) differences among the genotypes, parents and crosses for seed cotton yield and lint percentage. Significant (p≤0.05) differences were observed for parent vs. crosses indication to average heterosis over all hybrids for the above two traits. For earliness, insignificant differences were showed among genotypes, crosses and parent vs. crosses, but significant (p≤0.05) differences were showed among parents. Results indicated that best genotypes which performed highest mean and general combining ability were: lines 106 and G73 for seed cotton yield; Deir Ezzor 22 for lint percentage and Aleppo 33-1 for earliness percentage. Thus, it could be suggested that these parental varieties could be utilized in a breeding program for improving these traits to pass favorable genes for improving hybrid and subsequently producing improved genotypes through the selection in segregating generations. Best crosses based on mean performance and/or heterosis and/or specific combining ability were Aleppo 33-1*G73 followed by Aleppo 33-1*line 106 for seed cotton yield; Aleppo 33-1*G73 for lint percentage and Line 106*G73 for earliness percentage. Suggesting that these crosses could be used in breeding program to improve such traits. On the other hand, results showed high value of H2b % and low value of H2n%for seed cotton yield,  ascertained that dominance effects had great role in the existence of the variability of this trait, which insure that the expected gain from recurrent back crossing for seed cotton yield would be high in the breeding program. However, estimates of H2b % and H2n% for both of lint percentage and earliness percentage were high. Theses convergence of narrow and broad heritability values revealed that both additive and non-additive gene actions played important roles in the inheritance of these two above traits, so breeding program should contain selection and hybridization for improving these traits.

Kay words: Cotton, Combining ability, Heterosis, Heritability.

Full Paper in English: PDF

The Effect of Feeding Chrysoperla carnea Steph Adults with Some Nutritional Diets on Some of its Life and Reproduction Characteristics

Ammar Jloud*(1) Nawal Kakeh(2) Nayef Alsalti(2) and Munir Alnabhan(3)

(1). Hama Center for Rearing Natural Enemies, Directorate of Agriculture, Hama, Syria.

(2). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(3). Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Hama, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ammar Jloud. E-Mail: a.jloud85@gmail.com).

Received: 02/11/2019                                Accepted: 18/12/2019

Abstract

Green lacewing predator(Chrysoperla carnea) is polyphagous predator. It is currently mass-reared and used in biological control of insect pests. The experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions at 25±2°C and 65±5% RH at Hama Biological Control Center, during 2017, to find out a better and high efficiency nutritional diet for mass-rearing of adult of C. carnea. Four adult diets were tested under the laboratory conditions. Fertility, larval period, pupal period and adult longevity were studied. The results showed that the 1st diet that contained of water, honey, yeast and pollen in a ratio of (9:3:1:1) respectively was better than all other diets, that contain a ratio of (1:1:1/ 6:2:1/ 9:3:1) of water, honey and yeast respectively. When the adults fed on 1st diet the fertility of females was 409.33 eggs, larval period was 9.92 days, pupal period was 7.92 days and longevity of female and male were 51.5, 38.5 days.

Key words: Nutritional diets, Adult, Chrysoperla carnea.

Full paper in English: PDF

First Documented Record of Dogtooth Grouper Epinephelus caninus (Valenciennes, 1834), Perciformes, Serranidae, in the Syrian Marine Waters

Adib Ali Saad*(1) Ahmad Kamel  Solaiman(2) and Hasan Haitham Alkusairy(1)

(1). Marine Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(2). Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.  

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Adib Ali Saad. E-Mail: adibsaad52@gmail.com).

Received: 02/05/2018                                Accepted: 01/10/2018

Abstract

In this work, the first documented record of dogtooth grouper Epinephelus caninus in the Syria coast. A specimen (181 mm TL) was captured on 20th February 2018 using a trap-net at a depth 30 m. The capture site was located 50 m off coast of Tartous city (35° 91´ E, 35° 87´ N). The identification of the present specimen of Epinephelus caninus was based on morphological features, colour, and morphometric measurements and meristic counts.

Keys words: Syrian coast, Eastern Mediterranean, Epinephelus caninus, First record.

Full paper in English: PDF