Category Archives: vol5-no4 December 2018

The Effect of Legume Type, Energy Level, and Period of Exposure to Microwaves on the Response of Cowpea Weevil

Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Bruchidae: Coleoptera)

                              Emad Q. AL-Ebady*(1) and Marwa M. Abdallah(1)

(1). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Mosul University. Mosul, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Emad Q. AL-Ebady. E-Mail: semad82@yahoo.com).

Received: 26/07/2018                                Accepted: 10/10/2018

Abstract

The research was executed at Plant Protection Department during 2017 and 2018 to study the effect of some legume types (Cowpea, Chickpea and pea), and energy level i.e. 200, 500, 800 watts to different exposure times 15, 30, 45 and 60 seconds on the response cowpea weevil to microwave radiation. The results revealed that killing percentage in eggs, larvae, pupae and adults were varied according to the legume type and reached for cowpea, chickpea and pea (46.39, 42.22 and 59.44 % for eggs, but reached 51.39, 48.89 and 63.89 % for larvae, while it accounted 53.78, 43.61 and 45 % for pupae, finally the values were for adults 67.22, 53.89 and 51.11 respectively. The killing percentage mean of the insects stages proportionally increased with increasing the energy level 200, 500, 800 watt and reached 38.06, 46.39 and 63.61 % for eggs, and 44.53, 53.89 and 65.64 % for larva‘s, and 41.53, 46.39 and 54.46 % for pupas and 42.22, 60 and 70 % for adults. The results also exhibited that the killing percentage of insect’s stages was increased with increasing the exposure times.

Keywords: Microwave radiation, Cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Evaluation of Local Isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) As control Agent for Potato Tuber Moth Phthorimaea operculella (Gelechiidae:Lepidoptera) Under Non-refrigerated Storage conditions

Nisreen Alsaoud*(1) Doummar Nammour(1) and Ali Yaseen Ali(2)

(1). Plant Protection Department,  Faculty of Agriculture, Albaath University, Homs, Syria,

(2). Tarsus Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Nisreen Alsaoud. E. mail nisreensoud@gmail.com).

Received: 16/07/2017                                Accepted: 01/10/2017

Abstract

The efficacy of three native isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), with concentration of 1×107 spore/ml, were tested on potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella (Gelechiidae:Lepidoptera) under non-refrigerated storage conditions (28̊±2 C and R.H=50%± 5). The results showed the efficiency of the three isolates in the studied concentration to control the pest in store. These isolates showed superiority on control, where infection rates of tubers were 67, 83, 87.9, 100% for isolates C, D, B and control respectively, and reduced the severity of infection to 50.7, 63.2, 70.8, and 99.2% for isolates C, B, D and control respectively. The averages of emerged adults were 25, 15, 6.3, and 44.3 adults for isolates C, B, C and control respectively. Results showed that the fungus B. bassiana is an important control agent in integrated pest management for potato tuber moth in non-refrigerated stores.

Key words: Potato tuber moth, Beauveria bassiana, Phthorimaea operculella, Biological control.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Variance, Heritability, Genetic Advance and Correlation of Some Phenological, Morphological and Productivity Traits in Some Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Genotypes

Mohammad Nael Khattab*(1)

(1). Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammad Nael Khattab. E-Mail:

Received: 11/03/2018                                Accepted: 06/10/2018

Abstract

In this study some of the phenological, morphological and productivity characteristics of six safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes (local, Thick orange 480 ،Acar 6، Syrian-1,  Gila and Son 11), were assessed using some genetic indicators (genetic and phenotypic variances, genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients, broad- sense heritability and genetic advance between seeds yield and its components) at  Dmsrkho site in Latakia governorate, during two seasons (2014/2015) and (2015/2016). Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with three replicates, to detect the genetic potentiality to be exploited to a maximum extent therefor, to determine the appropriate selectorial indices to improve safflower crop. Analysis of variance indicated that the genotypes differed significantly (P<0.05) for all studied characters, moreover, years effect and genotype by years interaction were significant for all studied traits. The values of mean and range revealed that there is wide variability among genotypes for most of the characters. The biological yield per plant, seed yield per plant, number of seeds per capitulum, number of capitulum per plant, number of branches per plant and harvest index exhibited wide range and high PCV and GCV giving an opportunity for improvement through election. Besides, these characters also had narrow differences between the values of PCV and GCV showing least influence of environment. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance observed for seed yield per plant, biological yield per plant, 100 seed weight, plant height and number of seeds per capitulum indicated that these traits are governed by additive gene action. Hence, there are good chances of improvement of these traits through direct selection. The highest phenotypic correlations were observed between seed yield with some traits such as: biological yield/plant and No. of capitula/plant, thus these traits, may be used for selecting high yielding genotypes.

Keywords: Safflower, Heritability, Genetic advance, Genetic variance, Phenotypic variance, Correlation coefficient.

Full paper in English: PDF

Phosphate Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions by Syrian Zeolitic Ore:  Kinetic Study

Zyad Hatem*(1) Leila Habib(1) and Mohammad Ghafar (2)

(1). Department of Water and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Environmental Chemistry, High Institute of Environmental Researches, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

* (Corresponding author: Zyad Hatem. E-Mail: zyad.s.hat@gmail.com).

Received: 11/09/2017                                Accepted: 29/10/2017

Abstract

Kinetic study aimed to describe the performance of natural Syrian zeolitic ore (NSZO) for Phosphate (P) adsorption from aqueous solutions, and the contribution of NSZO components on P- adsorption. Obtained results demonstrated that parameter derived from kinetic models predicted two accompanied mechanisms affected P- adsorption: Intraparticle diffusion mechanism in presence of film diffusion. Besides, carbonate removal promoted P- adsorption more than 40 % comparing with the sample removed carbonate and oxides, this led to fact that the efficiency of NSZO in P adsorption belongs to iron oxides coatings zeolite particles, and it explains the decrease of adsorbed P in samples removed from Fe oxides and carbonate components.

Keywords: Phosphate removal, Zeolite, Kinetics, Purification, Intraparticle diffusion.

Full paper in English: PDF

The Bacterial Fact of Sawa Lake in Samawa City Southern Iraq

Asaad M. R. Al-Taee*(1)  Eman A. Al-Emara(1) and Anwar A. Maki(1)

(1). Marine Science Center, University of  Basrah, Barah, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author. Dr.  Asaad M. R. Al-Taee. E-mail: amraltaee@yahoo.com).

Received: 23/10/2018                                Accepted: 16/12/2018

Abstract

Bacteriological investigation had been performed for samples collected from Sawa lake. The samples included: water samples, sediment samples, crystallized gypsum, which forms the walls of the lake, aquatic plant samples (Chara sp.), Zooplankton samples (Arctodiaptomus salinus) and fish samples (Planliza abu). The bacterial analysis included, heterotrophic bacteria (HB), total coliforms (TCs), fecal coliforms (FCs), halophilic bacteria (Halococcus sp. and Halobacterium sp.), endophytic bacteria, sulfate and sulphite reducing bacteria, Clostridium perfringens and Vibrio sp.  The results showed that, only HB and halophilic bacteria were presented, while the lake was clear from any types of sulfate and sulphite reducing bacteria and pathogenic bacteria in the winter season.

Key words: Sawa Lake, Halophilic bacteria, Pathogenic bacteria.

Full paper in English: PDF