Category Archives: Vol4-no2

The Effect of Bolters Cutting in the Improvement of Morphological and Quality Traits of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

Faddi Abbas(1) Mahmoud Sido(1) and Entessar Al-Jbawi*(2) and Mohammad Ali Ali(2)

 (1). Agricultural Research in Homs, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Homs, Syria.
(2). Crops Research Administration, GCSR, Damascus, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Entessar Al Jbawi,  E-Mail:dr.entessara@gmail.com).

Received: 11/06/2016                           Accepted: 12/08/2016

Abstract:

Sugar beet bolting is considered one of the main obstacles of sugar beet growing in the middle area of Syria, because of low temperatures during autumn sowing. This phenomenon caused big economic losses neither for the factories and the farmers, because of high reduction in sugar content. Regarding the importance of the issue an experiment was conducted in Homs Agricultural Research Center during 2013/2014 season, to study the effect of cutting bolters to limit its negative effect on the morphological and quality traits of four sugar beet varieties, tow are monogerm varieties i.e. Inverstar and Parade, while the other are multigerm varieties i.e. DS9008 and Byblos. Split plot design was used, where the dated of cutting bolters allocated in the maim plots, while the varieties were randomly distributed in the sub plot, with three replicates. The results exhibited a high bolting percentage (P<0.05) in the variety DS9008 (67%), which is considered the most sensitive varieties to bolting, while bolting was 0% for the variety Parade, which can be defined as the most resistant variety to bolting. The percentage of early bolting, which is classified as the most dangerous type of bolting, achieved the highest value (45%) in the variety DS9008, then Parade (30.2%), followed by Inverstar (2.4%), and finally Byblos (0%). Early bolters cut led to an increase in root weight in an average of 10.7%, while the increment in root weight was 1% for the medium bolters cut. In terms of brix%, early bolters cut led to an increase in brix in an average of 16.9%, while the increment in brix was 5.5% for the medium bolters cut.

Keywords: Sugar beet varieties, Bolting percentage, Bloters cut.

Full paper in Arabic: The Effect of Bolters Cutting in the Improvement of Morphological and Quality Traits of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

The Effect of Different Rates of Two Pesticides (Benomyl and Abamectin) on Growth and Number of N2 Fixation Bacteria Cells (Azotobacter and Burkholderia spp)

Merfat T. Ben Mahmud*(1) and Eman A. AL Ferjani(1)

(1). Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya.
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Merfat Ben Mahmoud. Email: dr.mbenmahmoud@yahoo.com).

Received: 04/04/2017                                     Accepted: 08/06/2017

Abstract

A laboratory experiment was carried out with Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD), to study the effect of two chemical pesticides: fungicide (Benomyl 50%) and Acaro-Insecticide (Abamectin) with three rates for each treatment, on growth and number of Azotobacter and Burkholderia. Three dilution of inculcation bacteria (10-4, 10-5, and 10-6) with four periods of incubation (3, 7, 14, and 21) days were used for measuring (MIC) of bacteria cells number. The results showed that the minimum (MIC) value of Benomyl fungicide with dilution of (10-4) was (1.22 g/L), and (0.5 g/L) for each dilution of (10-5 and 10-6), after twenty-one days of incubation for Azotobacter and Burkholderia. The minimum value of (MIC) for Abamectin insecticide was (0.875 ml/L) for the periods of (7, 14 and 21 days) of incubation with all dilution inoculations of Azotobacter and (14 and 21 days) of incubation for Burkholderia. The results concluded that Benomyl and Abamectin had a different effect on growth and number of the studied bacteria according to their concentrations, and incubation periods. Also Azotobacter and Burkholderia were more tolerance for the dilution of 10-4 of pesticides as compared with other concentrations 10-5,    10-6.

Key wards: Azotobacter, Burkholderia, Benomyl fungicide, Abamectin insecticide.

Full paper in Arabic: The Effect of Different Rates of Two Pesticides (Benomyl and Abamectin) on Growth and Number of N2 Fixation Bacteria Cells (Azotobacter and Burkholderia spp)

Distribution of Citrus tristeza virus in Syrian Coast

Ensaf Akel*(1) and Imad Ismail(2)

(1). Agricultural Research Center in Lattakia, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.
(2). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ensaf Akel. Email: ensafakel5n4a@gmail.com).

Received: 24/04/2016                         Accepted: 24/05/2016

Abstract

A survey of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) (CTV, Closterovirus, Closteroviridae) in citrus orchards in Syrian Coast was conducted between March and November 2011. 288 samples were collected (219 samples from old tree, and 69 samples from public and private nurseries) from three regions: Lattakia, Jablah, Banyas. Most of samples showed symptoms similar to symptoms caused by viral diseases. Tissue Blot Immuno binding Assay TBIA was used to detect CTV. Results showed the distribution of Citrus tristeza virus, in citrus orchards in Syrian Coast in different rations in Lattakia region (27.64%), Banyas (22.05%), and Jablah (19.58%). Virus was recorded on different citrus varieties, which belongs to different groups. The highest infection value was recorded on Sweet orange (35.92%), Mandarine (8.16%), Sour orange (6.25%), and Grapefruit (5%).  Also the virus was recorded in some public and private nurseries, in Vdeo and Al Hanadi locations, so that is a serious indicator of virus prevalence, because the rootstocks are distributed to the farmers through these nurseries.

 Key Words: Citrus, CTV, Survey, TBIA.

Full paper in Arabic: Distribution of Citrus tristeza virus in Syrian Coast

Evaluation of the Susceptibility of some Tomato Hybrids used in Greenhouses of Syrian Coast Against Bacterial Stem Pith Necrosis Disease

Evaluation of the Susceptibility of some Tomato Hybrids used in Greenhouses of Syrian Coast Against Bacterial Stem Pith Necrosis Disease

Abdullatif Al Ghazzawi*(1) Mahmoud Abu Ghoura(2) Nabeel Al Ahmad Bek(1) and Raghda Al Baghdadi(1)

(1). Plant Protection Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.
(2). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Eng. Abdullatif Al Ghazawi. E-Mail: Ghazawi11@gmail.com).

Received: 13/12/2015                           Accepted: 28/04/2016

Abstract

Tomato stem pith necrosis disease which is caused by Pseudomonas corrugata Roberts & Scarlettis is one of the most important diseases infecting tomatoes which grown in the greenhouses that spreaded in the Syrian coast region. 40 isolates of P. corrugata were collected from Tartous and Latakia governorates, and their ability of infection, and virulence were evaluated. The most three virulent isolates (G12.1, G14.3 and G35) were chosen to test their infection ability on ten tomato hybrids which most grown in the greenhouses, depending on their susceptibility scale from 0 to 3. The tested isolates were varied in their virulence in Tartous and Latakia, and within the same governorate. Some isolates from Tartous (G35, G14.3 and G12.1) were superior in their ability of infection compared with the rest of isolates collected from both governorates against the plants of the hybrid Code 80 F1, the values of infection were 4.9, 4.7 and 4.4, respectively. Meanwhile, both Tartous isolate 107.1 and Latakia isolate 121.1 were in the last order in their ability of infection. The results showed also that all ten tested tomato hybrids were infected by the bacteria under the artificial inoculation conditions with variable degrees. The hybrid Saida was the highest susceptible with an average of infection 6.61 and the lowest was hybrid Sidra with an average of infection 2.31. The tested hybrids were divided according to the infection scale to high infected, moderate infected, and partially tolerant and tolerant.

Key words: Pith necrosis, Pseudomonas corrugata, Syria, Tomato hybrids.

Full paper in Arabic: Evaluation of the Susceptibility of some Tomato Hybrids used in Greenhouses of Syrian Coast Against Bacterial Stem Pith Necrosis Disease

First Record of Two Beetle Species of Mesquite Trees Prosopis juliflora (Sw) D.C. in Yemen

Ismail Abdullah Muharram*(1) Mohammed Saleh Al-Nossari(1) and Ahmed Mohammed Sallam(2)

(1).  Agricultural Research and Extension Authority (AREA), Yemen.
(2). Nasser Faculty of Agriculture, Aden University, Yemen.
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ismail Abdullah Muharram. Email: imuharam@gmail.com).

Received: 18/02/2017                           Accepted: 06/05/2017

Abstract

Mesquite trees Prosopis juliflora (Sw) D.C. are wide spread in different countries of the world including Yemen, and occupied the fertile and marginal lands. However, the areas of this plant are increasing rapidly in Yemen. Mesquite trees are a host for large number of insects, which can be used to reduce the spread of the trees, and control it within an integrated management system, including the insects that feed on the seeds and pods of this plant. This study was carried out during 2004-2005 seasons, in Tehama, Lahje, and Abian where the trees of Mesquite are spread widely. The collection of mature pods of these trees were put in the insects breeding boxes. In this manuscript four insects species were identified, which belong to Coleoptera order as follow:  Algarobius prosopis (LeConts); Caryedon near serratus (Olivier); Bruchidius andrewesi (Pic) that belong to Bruchidae family; and lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) which belongs to Anobiidae family.  Two species were recorded for the first time in Yemen, Caryedon serratus (Olivier), and Bruchidius andrewesi (Pic), but, the others species were well known in Yemen, as pests on different crops including prosopis.

Key words: Mesquite trees, Algarobius prosopis, Caryedon near serratus, Lasioderma serricorne, Bruchidius andrewesi, Yemen.

Full paper in English: First Record of Two Beetle Species of Mesquite Trees Prosopis juliflora (Sw) D.C. in Yemen