Samia Alshbib^(1)*, Abd alghani Khorshid⁽²⁾, Ahmad Aljomaa⁽¹⁾and  Abd alghani Khaldi⁽¹⁾.

(1). Cotton Research department, General Commission of Scientific Agricultural Research, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Samia Alshbib. E-Mail samshbib3@gmail.com)

Received: 24/03/2021                                 Accepted: 24/08/2021

Abstract

Cotton is one of the most important fiber crops in the world, the availability of essential nutrients is one of the main factors on which the growth and the yield of the crop depends. In order to quantify the crop, need out of these elements, a full evaluation of crop nutrient requirements is required. Field experiments were conducted in 2020 in two sites, the first is the agricultural scientific research center in Hama, the second is the Jeb Ramla research station of Al-Ghab scientific agricultural research center. To assess for the requirements of cotton crop (variety Aleppo 124) to main elements NPK applied in seven different levels in addition to the control, the experiments were arranged in randomized block design with three replications. Result showed that increasing the application of fertilizers by 15% higher than the recommended fertilizer recommendation led to a significant increase in crop yield in Hama site, where it reached the highest productivity 4988 kg.h^-1, the results also showed that the increase in the amount of applied fertilizer over the fertilizer recommendation was not significant in the second site. It was also found that the increase in fertilizer levels led to a significant increase in plant height, as it reached 91 cm in Hama and 98.89 cm in Al-Ghab and the number of monopodia and sympodial branches reached the highest number of 9.44 in Hama and 12.17 in Al-Ghab, likewise, the chlorophyll content of leaves increased, as well as the leaf area index with some differences between the two sites, this indicates that the yield was positively affected with an increase in the available essential nutrients to a certain extent, then, the increase in the amount of fertilizer turns into a decrease in the yield of the crop.

Key words: Nitrogen, phosphor, potassium, cotton, chlorophyll number, leaf area index.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf 

Joud Mahnaya^{* (1 )}, Nada Altonji ⁽¹⁾, Muhammad Manhal Alzoubi1⁽²⁾ and Abdulghani Alkhaldi ⁽³⁾

(1). College of technical Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

(2). General commission for scientific Agriculture Research, Damascus, Syria.

(3). General commission for scientific Agriculture Research, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng.  Joud Mahnaya. E-Mail: joud.mhanaya@gmail.com)

Received: 27/06/2021                                 Accepted: 13/07/2021

Abstract

Water pollution is considered one of the most important current risks due to the transmission of pollution to soil, vegetation and crops, especially its contamination with heavy metals due to its cumulative effect and lack of decomposition. Especially contaminated with untreated sewage water that irrigates agricultural soils, after the sewage treatment plant in Aleppo was sabotaged, these areas became irrigated from that water. The aim of this research is to study the extent of pollution of the Queiq river course below that station with some heavy elements (Pb – Cd – Ni – Cr) and the study of its chemical and bacterial contamination , Where water samples were collected from 10 sites along the river from the treatment plant and towards Al-Wadhahi in both summer and winter, where the results of the analysis of heavy elements for lead in summer were between (0.1-0.6 ppm) and in winter ranged between (0.04-0.12 ppm). And nickel in summer ranged between (0.01-0.02 ppm) and in winter ranged between (0.01-0.02 ppm) and chromium in summer ranged between (0.01-0.06 ppm), and in winter it ranged between (0.01-0.07 ppm) and cadmium in summer Between (0.01-0.06 ppm) and in the winter between (0.08-0.09 ppm), and all were within the permissible limits except for cadmium, which was outside the permissible limits. As for the chemical analyzes, the results showed the values ​​of COD in the summer between (100-940) mg /L, while in the winter it ranged between (18-120) mg /L, As for the required bio-oxygen BOD values, its values ​​ranged between (110-170) mg/liter in the summer, and between (6-24) mg/liter in the winter, and all of them were outside the permissible limits. Salmonella and Shigella range in summer from (2000-31000) eggs, while in winter (2000-30000) eggs, all are outside the permissible limits The E-coli population was in summer between (2000-30000) Bacillus and in winter between (8000-39000) Bacillus and was outside the permissible limits.

Key words: sewage pollution , Queiq river, Cd,  Pb, Ni, Cr

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ahmed H. Abdullah Anees ⁽¹⁾ * and Qahtan A. Kareem Mohamad⁽¹⁾

(1).College of Agriculture,University of Tikrit,Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ahmed H. A. Anees .E-Mail: Ahmed75hawas@tu.edu.iq).

Received: 9/04/2021                                   Accepted: 10/06/2021

Abstract

The experiment was conducted in Research Station / Field Crop Department / Agriculture College / Tikrit University , for seasons 2017 – 2018, to evaluate ten genotypic of broad bean namely (PO6-OO1FB/FL(1) , PO6-OO2FB/FL(2) , PO6-OO3FB/FL(3) , PO6-OO5FB/FL(4) , PO6-OO9FB/FL(5) , PO6-O11FB/FL(6) , PO6-O13FB/FL(7) , PO6-O14FB/FL(8) , (9)Syrian Local larg and Aguadolce (10)) under effect of two levels of copper oxide nanoparticles (0 and 100 mg .^-1 ). The experiment was designed according to Randomized Complete Block Design with Split Plot arrangement in three replicates . The levels copper oxide nanoparticles were in main plots, while genotypic was in sub plots. characteristics were studied : ( number of days to 50% flowering ,  leaves area index , plant height ,  branch numbers , pod numbers , seed numbers in pod , weight of 100 seeds , total yield of seeds). Analysis of variance results showed that signification variation in the factors and interaction for all characters except number of days to 50% flowering, plant height and seed numbers in pod for of copper oxide nanoparticles, as well number of days to 50% flowering and plant height for the interaction between the factors, the genotype (4) was superiority in eaves area index (10.304), pod numbers (38.1 pod.plant^-1) and total yield of seeds (13.27 tn.h^-1) and the genotype (7) in branch numbers (7.77 branch.plant^-1) and seed numbers in pod (4.48 seed.pod^-1), the interaction between the second levels with the genotype (4) were superiority for leaves area index (12.532), seed numbers in pod (4.92 seed.pod^-1) and total yield of seeds (16.05 tn.h^-1). From this standpoint, it is possible to continue following up these entries after evaluating them with all the importing environmental conditions and thus can be approved in future.                     

Keywords: Copper oxide nanoparticles, Faba bean genotypes.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ibrahim Al abdullah^*(1), Muhammad Ayman daire⁽²⁾, Mohamad kardoush⁽²⁾and Mahasen Tawaklna⁽³⁾

(1).pistachio office, ministry of Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian, Hama, Syria.

(2). Department of horticulture, faculty of agriculture engineering, Aleppo University, ministry of high education, Aleppo, Syria.

(3). Administration of Horticulture Research, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Ibrahim Al abdullah. E-Mail: ima198720@gmail.com).

Received: 20/05/2021                                 Accepted: 29/07/2021

Abstract

The research aims to study the effect of potassium element in maintaining water balance under different levels of irrigation. it was carried out in Pistachio Office in Hama city on two-years-old pistachio plants grown in polyethylene bags. three irrigation and potassium treatments(0,75,150 mg/kg) were applied during. 2019 and 2020. The results showed a significant  effect of water stress due to an increase period  interval between irrigation, as most of the growth indicators (planting length – planting diameter – leaf area, etc.) decreased and reached its lowest value when irrigation with  14-day interval between irrigation. As for the potassium treatments it was reduced significantly and avoided the harmful effects of water stress and improved the water balance of seedlings. A significant increase was observed in the average length of the main axis of seedlings  that treated with potassium sulfate (61 cm) compared with control plants (55.5) under water stress conditions, in addition to it was observed  an increase in concentration of chlorophyll (38 mg / g ww) compared to control plants (36.19 mg / g  ww), while the level of proline in the treated plants decreased significantly (46 mg / g ww) compared with untreated control plants (50 mg / g ww), and these results illustrate the important role of potassium ions in regulating water relations within the plant. And increase the plant’s ability to withstand the negative effects of water stress.

Keywords: seedlings, pistachio (P.vera), Water balance, Potassium Fertilization.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Reem Hamid⁽¹⁾, Faisal Bakkour⁽¹⁾ and Fadi Abbas^*(2)

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Al Baath University, Homs, Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Agriculture Research Center of Homs, Homs, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Fadi Abbas. E-Mail: fadiab77@gmail.com).

Received: 22/05/2021                                 Accepted: 16/08/2021

Abstract

This experiment was conducted in the labs of General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Researches GCSAR, Homs Center, during 2020. PEG₆₀₀₀ was applied to the germination media with low osmotic potentials (OP) i.e. 0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, MPa, for screening 15 chickpea genotypes under controlled conditions (in incubator at 20±3 C, constant humidity 70% RH) . Complete randomized design (CRD) with three replicates was used. The germination %, germination speed, radicle and hypocotyl length, and seed vigor were studied, and the genotypes classified according to these attributes, relative drought stress indices, and Z. distribution. The results exhibited a genetic difference between the genotypes concerning the response to the application of PEG₆₀₀₀ in the media. The germination percent was decreased with the decline of osmotic potential 0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, MPa, the percent of germination were (100, 87.11, 73.78, 54.11, 20.67 %) respectively, as compared with the control. While the speed of germination was (2.92, 2.14, 1.59, 0.83, 0.38) respectively. The length of epicotyl and radicle were estimated in all of tested osmotic potentials, the results showed that with decreasing the osmotic potential the length decreased, and the decrement in epicotyl was more than radicle. And seed vigor decreased with OP decreasing. According to the differences between genotypes in the response to drought stress using PEG₆₀₀₀ during germination, RDTI indices, and the z-distribution analysis, the genotypes were classified to tolerant to drought stress, i.e., Gab4, FLIP87-59C FLIP87-8C, and Gab5. and could be sown successfully under the most drought conditions, compare to other genotypes. While the genotypes Turkish, Morocco, FLIP12-250C, ILC3279, and FLIP08-42C classified the most sensitive, 

Keywords: Osmotic Potential, Polyethylene Glycol PEG₆₀₀₀, Germination Stage, Chickpea.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Rima Ghafari*⁽¹⁾, Najwa Mouslemanie ⁽¹⁾, Abdullah Katta ⁽²⁾ and Imad-Aldeen Alkhalaf ⁽¹⁾

(1). Dept. of Botany, Faculty of Science, Aleppo University, Syria

(2). Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aleppo University, Syria

(* corresponding author: Rima Ghafari, mail: mirago82@yahoo.com)

Received: 23/03/2021                                 Accepted: 4/07/2021

Abstract

This research aimed to determine the red laser (He-Ne) irradiation effect with wavelength (635) nm and capacity (5) mWat/ cm² on seed germination parameters of sesame (Sesamum indicum), the research took place at the laboratory of plant ecology and pollution, the laboratory of Nano science (7) and the ecology garden, faculty of science, university of Aleppo, between June and July 2020.  the seeds were divided into two main groups, the first group containing the dried seeds which were irradiated for graduated periods (1,5,10,15) min. the second group of seeds were soaked in water for (3) hours and irradiated with the red laser for the same time as dried seeds, then both groups were transferred to sterile petri dishes (9) cm containing two wet Whatman papers, After (14) days of the experiment the seedling parameters such as germination percentage and mean germination time, length and weight of seedling shoots and roots were measured respectively. The results showed that the highest germination percentage was for dry sesame seeds irradiated for (5) min (92%) compared to the control seeds (83%). While the highest value for the mean germination time was observed when the dried seeds irradiated for (15) min with a result of (0.92 seed/day) compared to the control seeds (1.62 seed/day). The results of Sesamum indicum shoot and root lengths and weights showed that the significant statistical differences were notable at 15 min of laser irradiation compared to the rest of irradiation periods, the results also showed that the dried seeds of sesame were more affected by the red laser irradiation than the pre-soaked seeds. It can be concluded that the red laser irradiation had enhanced the Sesamum indicum seedling parameters.

 Keywords: Laser, seed germination parameters, Sesamum indicum.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Razan khoury^*(1), Bolus Khoury ⁽¹⁾ and Mahmoud Alio⁽²⁾

(1). Crop Department, Agriculture Faculty, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2) Agricultural economics Department, Agriculture Faculty, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Razan Khoury, E-Mail: razankhoury5@hotmail.com).

Received: 24/03/2021                                 Accepted: 14/07/2021

Abstract

The research was carried out during the summer session of 2018/2019 at the countryside of Lattakia governorate to assess the performance of four commercial varieties of sweet yellow corn in terms of their resilience with the cultivation conditions in the Syrian coast regarding the most important economic and agricultural traits to suggest the best ones for cultivation. The averages of many traits (Days to silking, plant height, ear height, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, number of kernel per row, grain starch content and ear yield per plot) and many statistical indicators that are useful in determining the differences between the tested varieties were estimated, and the statistical analysis of the averages was performed by the method of analyzing the components of variance A.N.O.V.A., and the significant differences between the varieties and compared to the grand mean  were determined on the by using Duncan’s Test.The results analysis of variance showed the availability of significant differences between the varieties, and the results were supported by the results correlation and regression analysis, as the results showed the superiority of the Casper variety compared to the grand mean in the traits (Ear yield per plot, plant height, ear height and ear diameter) which their values reached (752.93) g/plant, (230.16) cm, (120.24) cm, (4.66) cm respectively. Maybe cultivated for several years and make sure of its adaptation to the climatic conditions of Syrian coast, to approve the results.The highest positive and significant signs of correlation were recorded between ear yield per plot on the one hand, and each plant height, number of kernel per row and days of silking which were (0.93, 0.91, 0.90) respectively. The regression analysis supported this result as the percentage of ear yield per plot was (86%, 82% and 81%) respectively.       

Keywords: sweet yellow corn, Ear yield per plot and their components, variance, correlation, regression.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Intisar Abdalrahman Awad Alseed Fadl Allah*⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Agricultural Economic in Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources in  University of Bakhtalruda, Aldueim, Sudan

(*Corresponding author:  Dr. Intisar Fadl Allah. E-Mail: eintisar78@gmail.com)

Received: 7/02/2021                 Accepted: 24/03/2021

Abstract

The study  was conducted in Al-Jabalain at the White Nile State, Sudan during the period (1970-2019)to analyze the effect of rainfall and agricultural adaptation strategies on sesame yield in the mechanized rainfed subsector, primary data and Secondary data were collected to  study the yield variability , rainfall rates and agricultural adaptation strategies from the annual reports of the Ministry of Agriculture, the Sudan Meteorological Authority, observations, personal interviews, design and distribution 160 questionnaire forms were answered by farmers in the targeted area. Primary and secondary data were analyzed using coefficient of dispersion, correlation, simple regression and  percentages. The study found that the fluctuation of rainfall during the study period led to decrease in the yield of sesame, which represent the cash crop of the farmers in the area. As a result of the fluctuation of rainfall and the continuous decline in the yield of sesame, farmers developed a number of agricultural strategies as alternative solutions to maintain the production, including early cultivation, sowing of good quality seeds, implication of the proper crop rotation and storage system. The study recommended the development of the meteorological station in Al-Jabalain, using water harvesting technology, development of agricultural adaptation strategies invented by farmers in order to ensure high crop productivity

Key words: Rainfall, Agricultural adaptation strategies, Sesame, Productivity, Mechanized rain-fed subsector.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Falak Alsataihi * ⁽¹⁾, Mohamad Taher Anan ⁽²⁾ and Amjad Masso⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, AlBaath University, Homs, Syria.

(2). Department of mathematical Statistics and Programming, Faculty of Science, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Falak Alsataihi, E-Mail: falakalsataihi@yahoo.com).

Received: 31/03/2021                     Accepted: 4/07/2021

Abstract

The research studied the methods of generating short-term hierarchical time-series forecasts and applying them to soft wheat production data in Syria, which were classified by region and then by city for time-series from 2006-2018. Where four methods were discussed, namely Top-down, Bottom-up, Middle-out and Optimal Combination, and one of the criteria for testing the quality of prediction methods, which is MASE, was applied to find out the best-performing method to be adopted in research related to this research in order to facilitate and speed up the completion of calculations. The results showed that all four methods differ from each other in general. As a result of the pilot study, it was found that the performance of the Top-down method is better than the performance of the rest of the methods in forecasting, and it was predicted for three future years after 2018, where the results indicated an expectation of an increase in the production of the soft wheat crop at all levels of the hierarchical structure of the studied series.

Keywords: Hierarchical Time Series, Bottom-up approach, Top-down approaches, Middle-out approach, Optimal combination forecasts.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Issa AL-Hachami * ⁽¹⁾

(1) Direct. Agric. in waist , Ministry of Agriculture, waist, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Issa AL-Hachami, Email: essa119924@yahoo.com)

Received: 3/03/2021                                   Accepted: 10/06/2021

Abstract

The wheat crop is one of the most important strategic food crops in Iraq and a major source of agricultural income. The production of this crop is affected by the extent of the success of the economic policies pursued by the state through its agricultural policies, especially the policies directed towards supporting production requirements or supporting production prices. In order to find out the features of the agricultural price policy and the impact of changing the exchange rate, the policy analysis matrix for the year 2020 was calculated, in addition to some important indicators associated with it, as the results indicated the existence of support for the local product and a subsidy for the traded inputs and that investment in wheat cultivation achieves special profits for farmers.,  and  producer subsidy ratio,   at the exchange rate for 2020  and the exchange rate in 2021, as it turned out, their values decrease  values are about (0.19, 0.07, 0.3, 16.7) respectively, therefore,  thus, the exchange rate for the year 2020  In favor of the product more, As for the comparative advantage of production, the increase in the exchange rate has led to a decrease in the cost of the local resource and thus increased international competitiveness, especially for farms irrigated by surface runoff. We recommend increasing the price support of productive inputs and supporting production prices and targeting more aid for smallholders and by following clear and stable agricultural policies based on scientific foundations that take into account any influential changes.

Keywords: Wheat, the nominal protection coefficient, domestic resource cost, exchange rate.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf