Prabesh Koirala^*(1), Rajiv Raman Neupane⁽²⁾, Bishal Dura⁽²⁾, Puspa Raj Poudel⁽²⁾, and Rukmagat Pathak⁽²⁾

(1). Tribhuvan University, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Paklihawa Campus, Siddharthanagar 32900, Nepal

(2). Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Bharatpur 44209, Nepal

(^*Corresponding Author: Dr. Prabesh Koirala, Email: prabesh.koirala10@gmail.com)

Received: 20/04/2021       Accepted: 11/02/2022

Abstract: 

An experiment was conducted at the Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science Paklihawa, Rupandehi to study the effect of different chemicals and essential oils on the vase life of cut flowers of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflora cv. “American Beauty”). The experiment was based on a completely randomized design with eight treatments (sucrose 4%, sucrose 4% + ethanol 25 + salicylic acid (200 ppm), sucrose 4% + silver nitrate (200 ppm), sucrose 4% + citric acid (200 ppm), sucrose 4% + ethanol 25%, sucrose 4% + ethanol 25% + eucalyptus oil 1%, sucrose 4% + ethanol 25% + palmarosa oil 1% and distilled water) for each treatment unit. Silver nitrate (200 ppm) had a maximum beneficial effect on fresh weight retention, solution uptake, spike diameter, and floret wilting at the end of vase life which was closely followed by Citric acid (200 ppm). The citric acid (200 ppm) had maximum positive effects on bud opening and floret opening at the end of vase life which was closely followed by Silver nitrate (200 ppm). And, the effects of silver nitrate (200 ppm) and citric acid (200 ppm) were the same on the basal floret diameter on the ninth day. A strong positive correlation existed between the vase life of cut flowers and other parameters such as fresh spike weight, solution uptake, bud opening, floret opening, and basal floret diameter. The longest vase life (18.56 days) was observed in silver nitrate (200 ppm), which was closely followed by citric acid (200 ppm) i.e., 18.11 days, and the shortest vase life (9.89 days) was observed in eucalyptus oil 1% in comparison to control (15.56 days). A blend solution of citric acid (200 ppm) and sucrose 4% is recommended to use for prolonging the vase life of gladiolus cut flowers.

Keywords: Antimicrobial, Eco-friendly, Gladiolus, Vase-life.

Full paper in English: pdf

Shawqi EL-Ariqi ^(1)* and Rihann Al-Fa’aq⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen.

(*Corresponding author: Shawqi EL-Ariqi, E.mail dr.ariqi@yahoo.com)               

Received: 20/12/ 2021            Accepted: 8/03/ 2022

Abstract: 

This study aimed to detect the types of fungi contaminated for Za’aqa seeds (watermelon, sunflower and pumpkin seeds). The seeds were associated with 20 species of fungi belonging to 12 genera. However, the most dominant fungi were the species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, especially Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger species were the most frequent. Also, Fusarium, Mucor and Rhizopus were recovered in high or medium incidences on PDA medium. In conclusion, the seeds of watermelon, sunflower and pumpkin consumed at entertainment in Yemen Republic are highly, contaminated with toxigenic fungi, especially Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger species, which were found in this study.

Keywords:  Yemen, Za’aqa, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohammed, A. Fayyadh ^(1)* and  Ridha, S. Baqer ⁽¹⁾

(1). Plant protection Department, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah,

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammed, A. Fayyadh. E-Mail: muamer2010@yahoo.com).  

Received: 20/12/2021        Accepted:9/02/2022

Abstract: 

This experiment was conducted at the College of Agriculture/ University of Basra for the period from 2020-2021 with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of aqueous extracts of oleander, henna, bitter melon,  wormwood, , pomegranate peels, carps and eucalyptus to control of Swiss chard leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora beticola. The results of the study showed that the aqueous extract of the cinnamon and carps achieved the highest percentage of inhibition of the growth of the pathogenic fungus, which amounted to 92.71 and 79.44%, respectively, while the lowest percentage of inhibition of fungus growth was recorded in the treatment of wormwood extract, which amounted to 61.99%. The results of the field experiment showed that spraying aqueous extracts of Cinnamon, Henna and Carps reduced the severity of infection with the fungus C.beticola on swiss chard to 20.24 and 20.27% compared to the control treatment, which amounted to 44.31%. The water extracts also reduced the area under the disease progress curve AUDPC from 1269.76 in the control treatment to 408.6 and 562.3 in the treatment of the pesticide Scour and the extract of the Cinnamon respectively.

Keyword: leaf spot ، plant extract ، C.beticola ، Chard.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Alisar Shaabow ^(1)*, Mohammad Ahmad⁽²⁾,   and Riad  Zidan ⁽³⁾

(1). General Commission Agriculture scientific Research , Lattakia, Syria

(2). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(3). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Alisar Shaabow. E-Mail: alisar.nadeem@yahoo.com)

Received: 20/12/2021        Accepted:8/03/2022

Abstract: 

The study was conducted during 2018, at Latakia center for rearing natural enemies, the study aimed to test three cultivars of climbing beans: Aya, Blue lake, and Zilioni gigant, to determine the most suitable cultivar for quantitative production of the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henroit and its use in predator breeding programs, to control the two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch. Results showed a divergence between the studied cultivars in terms of infestation with  T. urticae and reproduction speed of P. persimilis. It was found that Zilioni gigant is the most sensitive cultivar to the pest, and the most suitable for the increasing and culturing of predator compare to other two cultivars Aya and Blue lake. The average pest numbers – reached 2570 individuals/leaflet on Zilioni gigant cultivar, compared to 1740 and 1055 individuals/leaflet on Blue lake and Aya, respectively, and the average numbers of predators reached 300 individuals/leaflet on Zilioni gigant, compared to 240, 210 individuals/leaflet on Blue lake and Aya respectively.

Key words: Tetranychus urticae Koch, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henroit, Biological control, Bean, Cultivar.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Nsreen Dib^(1)*  Hany Ashour Badawy⁽²⁾ Ahmed Abdel Kader Ashour⁽²⁾  Tomader gomaa Abel rahman⁽³⁾

(1). Agricultural Scientific Research Center, Latakia.

(2). faculty of Agriculture , Cairo University, Egypt.

(3). plant pathology institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.

(*Corresponding author: Nsreen Did  . E-Mail: nsreendibsh@gmail.com)

Received: 4/01/2022          Accepted:13/03/2022

Abstract: 

This experiment was carried out at the laboratory of the plant diseases institute, agriculture scientific research center, Giza, Egypt in the season 2016-2017. And this study aimed to study the mycelium growth characteristics  leaf spot disease caused by A. alternata , early blight disease caused by A. solani and gray mold disease caused by B. cinereal on different culture medium. The bioassaying to the filtrate of the culture media which the tested isolates grow and identification of mycotoxins in the filtrate of the culture media. The results revealed that the radial growth test results significantly differed between the high and less aggressive isolates. The high aggressive isolates were grew faster than the less aggressive isolates on all tested media. The enzyme activity (PG and CX) of the high aggressive isolates were higher than that in the less aggressive isolates of tested fungi. Five toxins; Altenuene (ALT), Altertoxin (ATX), Alternariol (AOH), Alternariol methyl ether (AME) and Tenuazonic acid (TeA) were detected in the culture filtrate extracts of A. alternata and A. solani,  in addition to Alternaric acid, which was produced by A. solani. A total of 14 metabolites were detected in the culture filtrate of the high and less aggressive isolates of B. cinerea. Botcinolide was found only in the cultures of the aggressive isolates of B. cinerea; BcB-2, BcB-1 and BcI-2. The culture filtrate extracts of the high aggressive isolates of A. alternata, A. solani and B. cinerea had more phyto- and mycotoxins than the less aggressive isolates.

Key words: Alternaria alternata, Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea, culture filtrate, fungal toxins.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mustafa Jawad Al-Fayyadh ^(1)*

(1). Agriculture College, Sumer University, Dhi- Qar, Iraq

(*Corresponding author: Mustafa Al-Fayyadh mustafaalfayyedh@gmail.com).

Received:13/08/2021             Accepted:7/03/2022

Abstract: 

A survey of Phytomyza horticola host plants was conducted in fields of Dhi-Qar province from four stations, during the period from January 2019 to January  2021, the infected leave were collected from different plants and the larvae were reared under the conditions of laboratory, the adults were identified according to their taxonomic keys. In current study eleventh families and fourteenth species were recorded as a host plant of Phytomyza horticola in Dhi-Qar province.

Keywords:   Phytomyza horticola, Dhi-Qar, leaf miner, Iraq.

Full paper in English: pdf

Mazen Bufaur ^(1)*, Rami Bohamdan⁽¹⁾, Waed Ghanem⁽¹⁾ and Mohammad Al-allan⁽²⁾

(1).  Al-SweidaResearch Center , Al-Sweida, Syria.

(2).  Scientific Agricultural Research commission, Syria.

(^*Corresponding author: Dr. Mazen Bufaur, Email: mazenaudy@yahoo.com.)

Received:20/08/2021                  Accepted:13/02/2022

Abstract: 

A field experiment was executed to compare the efficacy of some insecticides Supplied with summer oil on females of Dactylopius opuntiae (Dactylopiidae; Hemiptera) which was recently recorded in Syria. Acetamiprid 20%, Chlorine-perphos ethyl 48%, Dimethoate 40%,  Delta-permethrin100q/l and summer oil were used as a foliar spray and control, The results were showed that the efficacy of Acetamiprid, Chlorine-perphos ethyland Dimethoate treatments were the best after one and two weeks of spraying with significant different Deltamethrin and summer oil treatments.The efficacy of Chlorpyrifos was reduced with Significant different with Acetamiprid and Dimethoate treatments in the third week after treatment. Using summer oil only has made a recorded efficacy on females during of three weeks after treatment.

Key words: Dactylopius opuntiae, Acetamiprid, Chlorine-perphos ethyl, Dimethoate, Delta-permethrin, and Summer oil.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Nabil Abo Kaf ⁽¹⁾ Ghadah Zeini^*(2)  Mazen Al- Body⁽²⁾ and Majeda Mofleh⁽³⁾

(1). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(2). Agriculture Research Center in Lattakia, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(3). (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(^*Corresponding author: Ghadah Zeini. E-Mail: ghadahasanzeini@tishreen.edu.sy).

Received: 4/10/2021                             Accepted: 7/03/2022

Abstract: 

The Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann is among the most important pests of cultivated fruits. Utilization of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) is one emerging option for controlling this pest since the larvae come out from the fruit for pupation in the soil at depth of few centimeters .The present study aimed to estimate the efficiency of local isolate, H. bacteriophora GA1(MK474645.1) against the third instar larvae (L3) and pupae of medfly at ten different concentrations of (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000) Infective Juveniles (IJs)/ mL and 500, 1000, 2000 (IJs)/ mL under laboratory conditions. Controls were treated with 1 mL of distilled water. The bioassays were organized in petri dishes with five replications. The results showed that the third-instar C. capitata larvae were susceptible to the tested local isolate. The overall mortality ranged from 16.66 to 69.77%. Mortality of the third-instar larvae of C. capitata proportionally increased with increased nematode concentration. The highest larvae mortality rates (69.77) and (65.33) %. were obtained at concentrations D₁₀ and D₉ respectively, and no significant differences between these two treatments. The highest mortality rates of pupae were (51.61) and (39.72)% at dosage of 2000 (IJs)/ mL. Young pupae (1-3 day old) were more susceptible to the nematode than older pupae (4-8 day old).

Keywords: Biological control, Ceratitis capitata, efficiency, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Lattakia, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Omran Abugila* ⁽¹⁾ and Fathma Husien ⁽¹⁾

(1). Usversity of Omar Al-Mokthar, Faculty of Agri., Plant Protact.,Dept.Libya.

(*Corresponding author: Omran abugila, Email: omranabugilah@gmail.com).

Received: 16/05/2022         Accepted: 9/10/2022

Abstract: 

The aim of this research to  study  the effect of the insect growth inhibitor with four three different concentration of growth and development   against cabbage  white butterfly (Peris  brassicae) under laboriatory condation  ..The results showed that the effect of  insect growth inhibitor  was observed at the the all tested rate . The highest mortality of the Fourth larval stage was at concentration of 50 ppm, whil the lowest mortality was observed.  at the rate 30 ppm.In treated larvae ,there was an obvious delay in the period of larval and pupal development , in addition to larval and pupae malformation and various deformities in adult stage.

 Keywords: IGR, (Methoprene Flufenoxuron and Nomoult cabbage white butterfly (Peris  brassicae).

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ammar Jassim Al-Khaz’Ali^*(1), and Khudair A. Salman ⁽¹⁾ and Ahmed Sh. Ahmed ⁽¹⁾

(1). Office of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Ammar Jassim Al-Khaz’Ali. E-Mail: a_ammarjassim@yahoo.co.uk)

Received: 5/09/2021           Accepted: 20/02/2022

Abstract: 

This study was conducted to evaluate the influences of various herbicides for weed control in onions, at Abu- Ghraib research station, Iraq. during the winter growing season of 2018/2019. The experiment was applied using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replications.  Each replication comprised four herbicides treatment were (Oxyfluorfen (24 g. h^-1), Flumzifop – P- Butyl (120 g. h^-1), Haloxyfop-R-Methylester (108 g. h^-1), and Pendimethalin (660 g. h^-1), In addition to weed free plot and a weedy check. Result showed that Oxyfluorfen had the lowest weed density 1.7 plant. m^-2 at control ratio of 84.5% followed by Pendimethalin 2.0 plant. m^-2 at control ratio of 81.7%, as compared to the weedy check 11.0 plant. m^-2. Similarly, the maximum average weight of onion bulbs 98.55 g, and yield 20347.67 kg. ha^-1 were recorded in the weed free plots followed by Pendimethalin 81.88 g and 18014.33 kg. ha^-1 as compared to weedy check 45.17 g and 7896.00 kg. ha^-1. From this study we conclude that all the herbicides that used have reduced the number of weeds and their dry weights by  depending on the nature of the chemical composition of the herbicide in comparison with control treatment and thus increasing the total onion yield.

Keywords: herbicides, weed free, weed management, onion.

Full paper in English: pdf