Afraa Masri ^(1)*, Rhamez Mohammad ⁽¹⁾ and Lina Rayya⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture , Tishreen University, Lattakia. Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research, Damas, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Afraa Masri. E-Mail: afraamasri90@gmail.com).

Received:  24/04/2022        Accepted: 24/07/2022

Abstract: 

This study was carried out   in Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Lattakia- Tishreen University in the period between 2021-2022, The study aimed to study the optimal conditions for extracting of mucilage from the root of the Althaea sp by applying six treatments in the extraction, at a rate of three replicates, which are (Water at room temperature + isopropanol A, water at 40 °C + isopropanol B, water at 60 °C + isopropanol C, room temperature water + ethanol D, water at 40 °C ˚ + ethanol E, water at 60 °C ˚ + ethanol F), where the effect of two variables was studied. They are the extraction temperature and the type of solvent used, and the effect of these variables on the yield, organoleptic properties and some physicochemical indicators of the resulting powder. The study and the results of the statistical analysis at the level of significance (1%) showed the effect of the extraction temperature on the color of the resulting powder, as it reached the lowest evaluation with treatments (C, F). اRegarding the physicochemical properties, it was found that they were moderately acidic, and the values ranged between (5.45) for treatment (F) and 6.20)) for treatment (C). Also, all mucilage solutions prepared at 1% concentration were characterized by a high viscosity, which recorded the highest value ((4.562 centipoise for treatment B).therefore the effect of the extraction temperature was negative on the viscosity of the mucilage solutions. In terms of yield, it was observed that there was a joint effect of temperature and type of solvent on the yield percentage. The treatment using isopropanol and incubation at 40°C was superior to obtaining the highest yield (25.82 g/100 g dry weight).

Key words: mucilage, Althaea sp, sensory properties, yield, type of solvent, viscosity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Rabab Saoud⁽¹⁾*,  Ramez Mohammad⁽¹⁾ and  Sanaa Sara⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture , Tishreen University, Lattakia. Syria

(2). Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Tishreen University, Lattakia. Syria

(*Corresponding author: Rabab Saoud. E-Mail: rabab.s.saoud.2019@gmail.com).

Received 22/7/2022     Accepted 4/09/2022

Abstract: 

The content of total phenols and some mineral elements in addition to the color degree of six flour samples extraction rate (70 and 80) % produced from four varieties of Syrian wheat, two soft (sham₄, sham₈) and two durum (sham₅, sham₇) were studied, Samples were obtained from Qarahta research station 2019 harvest year,. The results showed an increase in the degree of color with the increase of the extraction rate, the highest degree was 3.77 in the flour mixture (Sham₄ and Sham₅), the percentage of the total phenols increased in the flour extraction 80%, the highest values were in the flour mixtures, flour of (Sham₄ and Sham₅) mixture also had the highest value of the total phenols and ferulic acid (629.6, 479.5) µg/g respectively, the results also showed an increase in the concentrations of minerals with the increase of the extraction rate and the addition of durum wheat to the mixture. Phosphorous recorded the largest concentrations among studied minerals, and its highest value was 175 mg/100 g in the mixture flour (Sham₄ and Sham₇), While iron was the most concentrated among the micronutrients mineral studied, the highest value was 3.61 mg/100 g in the mixture flour (Sham₄ and Sham₅), while the highest value of the copper was 0.44 mg/100 g in the mixture flour (Sham₈ and Sham₅), the highest value of magnesium was 76.63 mg/100 g in the mixture flour (Sham₄ and Sham₇), while the mixture flour (Sham₈ and Sham₇) had the highest value of calcium 39.53 mg/100 g.

Keywords: Syrian wheat flour, extraction rate, color degree, total phenols, ferulic acid, minerals.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Shereen Aladas*⁽¹⁾ ,  Mohamad Kurbesa⁽²⁾ and  Manhil Alzuabi⁽²⁾

(1). Natural Resource Research Department,General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of renewable natural resources and environment, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding Autor: Shereen AL adas,E-Mail:  Shereen2143193@ gmail.com).

Received: 1/06/2022           Accepted: 13/06/2022

Abstract: 

The effect of organic fertilization and bio fertilization on the growth and productivity of Sesbania was carried out in the nursery of Faculty of Agriculture – University of Damascus (Syria) during 2018 season in pots containing soil of Al-Salameh  within four treatments in a simple randomized trial with six replications. The results showed that increasing in plant length in the treatments of organic fertilization and organic fertilization with biofertilization significantly (7.8 and 7.78 cm, respectively) compared with biofertilization and control (6.37 and 6.03 cm, respectively) in the early stage of growth. At the beginning of flowering, the length of the plant increased in the treatment of organic fertilization, biofertilization and organic fertilization with biofertilization significantly (105.6, 102, 104.6 cm, respectively) compared to the control (91.5 cm). While at the beginning of the maturity of the pods, the plant length increased significantly in the treatment of organic fertilization with biofertilization (199.6 cm) compared to other treatments. The number of pods and their weight and seed weight in the treatment of organic fertilization with biofertilization were significantly increased (27.42 pods, 19.82 g and 13.3 g respectively) compared to the control. The number of root nodes in organic fertilization with biofertilization treatment increased significantly (44.83 nodes/ plant), and the wet weight of the nodes (2.91 g / plant) and their dry weight (1.16 g / plant) compared to the other treatments.

Keywords: Rhizobium bacteria, Bacterial nodles, Sesbania aculeata, Organic Fertilization, Biofertilization.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Soulaiman issa *⁽¹⁾, Roula jacoub⁽²⁾  and Ali zayak⁽³⁾

(1). Barsheen research station, GCSAR, Hamah, Syria.

(2). Field crops section, Faculty of agriculture, Damascus university, Syria.

(3). Medicinal and aromatic plants section, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding Autor: Soulaiman issa, E-Mail:  soulaimanissa4@gmail.com).

Received: 13/02/2022         Accepted: 29/05/2022

Abstract: 

The experimental was carried out in (2019-2020) at three research stastions ( Barsheen, Zahid and Almokhtarya) to identify the influence of environmental regions and different growing stages ( green grow – flowering – fruit formation- full maturity ) on the essential oil percentage of ( T.vulgaris) plant . the statical analysis results showed out  that there was a significant variants between the studied factors that affect the essential oil percentage of ( T.vulgaris)  and the region (Barsheen station ) was the best significantly on average (3.18%) then Almokhtarya (3.02%) with out significant variants while Zahid station was the least at (2.22%) . also the full maturity stage was the best significantly with average (3.8%) then fruit formation stage (3.37%) and the green grow stage was the least (1.37%) .While the treatment (Barsheen- Full maturity) was the best significantly with average (6.5%) then (Almokhtarya- Fruit formation) and (Barsheen – green grow ) was the least (1.2%).  That certificate the eco flexibility of thymus vulgaris and the variants of oil yield within the different environmental factors of planting region beside the stage of collecting the economical part of plant.

Keywords : Thymus.Vulgaris, Environmental region, collecting stage, essential oil percentage.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Mary Hosh ^(1)* , Samir Tabbache ⁽¹⁾ , Dina Haddad ⁽²⁾ and Hanan Habak ⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(3). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Lattakia, Syria.

(*corresponding author :  Mary Hosh , E mail: maryhosh@gmail.com).

Received: 27/03/2022                    Accepted: 29/06/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out by randomized complete sectors design with five replications in a greenhouse belonging to the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at Tishreen University in fall season of 2019, to study the effect of dry powder of sticky fleabane Inulla viscosa L. leaves mixed with soil with concentrations 1, 2, and 4% on the growth of tomato plants Lycopersicum esculentum L. On the one hand, and in the germination of Orobanche ramose L. seeds, on the other hand. The results showed the stimulating effect of the three concentrations used of Inulla viscosa on seeds germination of Orobanche ramose, and an increasing in tubers formed number and in biomass of O.ramosa plants related directly with the increase of the tested concentrations compared to the control infected with the branched broomape, where the average number of tubers at the three studied concentrations was 49.25, 78.00, 69.50 tuber/plant respectively compared to the control 28.50 tuber/plant, and the average of dry weight of the O.ramosa  plants recorded 6.89, 8.49, 8.88 g, respectively, compared to the control 1.38 g.Noting that the tested concentrations of Inulla viscosa did not affect the health and vitality of the tomato plants treated with them.

Key words: tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum, broomrape, Orobanche ramose, sticky fleabane,  Inulla viscosa, Allelopathic effect.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hadeel Chasib Abbas⁽¹⁾  and Abd al-Nabi Abd al-Amir Matroud^*(1)

(1). Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture, Basrah University,Iraq.

(^* Corresponding author: Dr. Abdulnabi Abbdul Ameer Matrood. E-Mail: abdul_nabi.matrwod@uobasrah.edu.iq).

Received: 27/07/2022                    Accepted: 29/11/2022

Abstract: 

  This study showed the ability of two isolates of the pathogenic fungus A.alternata in the water agar medium. The isolate of fruits had the most effect on the severity of infection of tomato seeds in the dish, reaching 59% compared to isolate the leaves, which amounted to 47%. The results of the antagonism test for T.viride and T. .koningii in PDA culture medium had a high antagonistic ability against A.alternata by spot method, the inhibition zone reached (2.3, 1.8), respectively. The filtrates of biological resistance fungi showed inhibition of the pathogenic fungus A.alternata when used at concentrations of (10,20,30)% with PDA culture medium. When analyzing the infiltrates of T.viride and T.koningii using GC-MS technique, several chemical compounds that have a role in inhibiting pathogens were obtained, including n-Hexadecanoic acid and Octadecanoic acid. As for the total phenol content in the leaves of the tomato plant, T.konhngii treatment gave the highest content of phenol, as it reached 0.56 mg. Also, chlorophyll was increased in tomato leaves, so the T.v + T.k treatment gave the highest percentage of chlorophyll, which amounted to 47.55 mg, compared to the fungus A.alternata treatment, which amounted to 36.13 mg .The biological resistance fungi also reduced the severity of infection with the pathogenic fungus A.alternata, which amounted to 19.66% in the treatment of T.konhngii, compared to the treatment of the pathogenic fungus, which amounted to 50.36%.

  Key words: Tomato, Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma viride, Alternaria alternata.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Alisar shaabow^(1)*, Nisreen Dib⁽¹⁾, Majida Mofleh⁽¹⁾,  Riad Zidan⁽²⁾, , Amal Haj Hasan⁽¹⁾, Ammar Askaria⁽¹⁾, Lina Adra⁽¹⁾ and Nirmin Sakoor⁽¹⁾

(1). General Commission for scientific Agriculture Research, Lattakia, Syria

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture Tishreen University,    Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Alisar Shaabow. E-Mail: alisar.nadeem@yahoo.com)

Received: 24/01/2022         Accepted:6/06/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at Alsonawbar station of the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia in the spring of 2021, the research included six treatments (control, spraying with fungicides: Ranman, Moximate, and biological control agents: Bacillus subtilis, Beauveria bassiana, Trichoderma harizianum) in order to compare the effect of using chemical pesticides with the effectiveness of some beneficial microorganisms in enhancing the systemic acquired resistance of potato against early blight Alternaria solani  and its reflection on growth and production of potato. Results showed that treating pesticide plants by spraying fungicide moximate led to reduction in the severity and percentage of infection, they reached 14.05% and 32% respectively  after two weeks of treatment, which was less than the control treatment by 20.92 and 17% respectively; and by following up the effect of early blight on the foliage, results showed that Beauveria bassiana treatment was the best, that after 100 days of planting it recorded 8430.75  cm²/plant for the foliage area, and  the leaf area  index was 3.45 m²/m² ; while Bacillus subtilis treatment exceeded other treatments in terms of the numbers of tubers, productivity per unit area, and marketing production, which reached: 11.6 tuber/plant, 990.6 g/plant, 3877 kg/donum, respectively.

Key words: Potato, Alternaria solani, Chemical Control, Biological Control, Systemic Acquired Resistance, Productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mahmoud Ali Abdallah Elmoflehi ^(1)*, Ali Abdallah alqathy⁽¹⁾  Hesham Abdaraqib Alaiany⁽¹⁾  and  Zakaria Hossin Algithy⁽¹⁾

(1). Plant Protection Department, Faculty  of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Sanaa,   Yemen.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mahmoud Ali Abdallah Elmoflehi, mel_moflehi@yahoo.com)

Received: 3/09/2022           Accepted:22/01/2023

Abstract: 

This study was conducted (2019-2020) for the purpose of surveying and estimating the incidence of Yemen coffee tree wilt disease, Coffea Arabica, and isolating the pathogens associated with the disease in Sana’a Governorate, Manakhah  (East Harz) and Sa`afan Districts. The percentage of dead trees was 13.46% and 5.77%, and the percentage of trees showing signs of wilt was 16.7% and 11.99% in each of Manakhah  and Sa`afan  Districts, respectively. The wilt-causing fungus Fusarium oxysporium were Isolation  from the soil and roots of coffee trees, where four strains of the fungus appeared, namely pink, white, yellow and violet. Seven parasitic  nematode genera were associated with coffee tree roots,(Tylenchus, Aphelenchus, Helicotylenchs, Xiphinema, Pratylenchus, Rotylenchus and Rotylunchulus).

keywords: coffee yemen, wilt, yemen, nematodes,Fusarium.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Majd Mohammad Darwish * ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Majd Darwish. E-Mail: majds26@yahoo.com).

Received:2/12/2021            Accepted: 3/06/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in Al-Mzeiraa village within Lattakia during the 2021 agricultural season, by planting tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seedlings in experimental plots according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and with three replicates per treatment. The aim of this research was to study the effect of drought stress induced with PEG concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 %) or spraying with hydrogen peroxide H₂O₂ (0, 10, 20 and 30 mmol), or spraying with H₂O₂ under conditions of drought stress in some growth and productivity characteristics of the studied tobacco cultivar. Plant height (cm) and a number of morphological (total leaf area (cm²), net photosynthetic (mg/cm²/day)), biochemical (total content of chlorophyll and proline (µg/g fresh weight) and soluble sugars %) and productivity (dry leaf yield (g/plant)) indicators were measured. Drought stress treatments, especially at concentrations 30 and 40 % PEG, caused a significant decrease (P<0.05) in most of the studied growth and productivity traits. On the other hand, spraying with H₂O₂ alone, especially at concentrations of 10 and 20 mmol, resulted in a significant increase (P<0.05) in most of the studied traits. Also, spraying treatments with H₂O₂ under drought stress conditions significantly improved plant growth and productivity in all spraying treatments 10, 20 and 30 mmol, except for the treatment of spraying at a concentration of 30 mm under the conditions of drought stress 40 % PEG, which led to a negative effect on all the studied characteristics. Thus, it can be suggested to spray tobacco plants with a concentration of 10-20 mmol of H₂O₂ alone, or those grown under conditions (low and medium intensity) of drought stress, due to its positive role in improving growth and increasing the leaf yield of tobacco.

Keywords: Hydrogen peroxide, Tobacco, Drought stress, Polyethylene glycol.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

 Majd Mohammad Darwish*⁽¹⁾ Nizar Ali Moualla⁽¹⁾ and Ali Sami Foiti⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Majd Darwish. E-Mail: majds26@yahoo.com).

Received:28/04/2022          Accepted: 3/07/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at Ain Al-Arous village in Lattakia governorate during the agricultural season 2021 by the cultivation of tobacco (Nicotiana rustica L.) seedlings in experimental plots, according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The objective of this research was to study the effect of foliar spraying treatments with soluble potassium sulfate (0, 6, 12 and 18 kg/ha) or with glycine betaine GB (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM), or spraying with potassium fertilizer and glycine betaine together on some growth characteristics and productivity and quality traits of the studied variety. So, the plant height (cm), and a number of morphysiological (plant leaf area (cm²) and leaf area index (LAI)), the productivity (fresh and dry leaves yield (kg/1000 m²), and the total content of chlorophyll (µg/g FW), soluble sugars, proteins and nicotine % were measured. Potassium spray treatments, especially at concentrations 6 and 12 kg/ha, and spraying with glycine betaine (150 mM) led to a significant increase (P<0.05) in most of growth indicators and leaf yield, as well as increasing of soluble sugars % and decreasing of proteins and nicotine % in dry leaves. Also, potassium and glycine betaine spraying together showed a significant improvement in the growth, productivity and quality of tobacco leaves when spraying with potassium (6 kg/ha) under all treatments of spraying with glycine betaine (50, 100 and 150 mM). Thus, it can be suggested to spray Nicotiana rustica L. variety  with potassium sulfate at 6-12 kg/ha alone or with glycine betaine at a concentration of 50-100 mM, or spraying with glycine betaine at 150 mM alone due to their observed role in stimulating the plant growth and increasing leaf yield quantitatively and qualitatively.

Keywords: Nicotiana rustica L.; Potassium sulfate; Glycine betaine; Productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf