Urwah Suleiman^(1)*

(1). Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Directorate of Agriculture of Latakia.

(*Corresponding author: Urwah Suleiman, Email: orwasul@gmail.com).

Received: 26/07/2022                   Accepted: 11/01/2023

Abstract: 

The research aimed to study the social characteristics of the population surrounding forests and their relationship to the various encroachments in some areas of forests affected by fires in Lattakia Governorate. A questionnaire was directed to the local population living in the vicinity of the forest areas, in order to collect socio-economic information about the study area. The descriptive analytical method was adopted. The statistical analysis program (SPSS) (19) was used to calculate the studied correlations, the Chi-square test, the coupling coefficient (PHI), and the T test for independent samples. and two way ANOVA analysis of variance test. It was found that the sex of the population is related to the process of forest encroachment, as the value of the coupling coefficient (PHI) was 0.609, at the level of significance (Sig) 0.0001. The chi-square value of the relationship between the level of education and forest encroachment was 11.262, with a degree of freedom of 3 and a significant level of 0.01, which is smaller than 0.05, so there is an effect of education level on forest trespassing

Key words: Forests,  fires, encroachment,  chi-square, coupling coefficient, Lattakia

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Abdullah Rizk Ahmed Nasser ^{(1) *}, Taha Yassin Al-Adimi⁽²⁾  and Ali Qasim Ismail⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, College of Agriculture, Sana’a University, Yemen.

(*Correspondent: Mohammed Mohammed Yahya Daws, Email: Mohamed.daws2017@gmail.com)

Received: 21/09/2023                Accepted:16/11/2023

Abstract: 

 The research aimed to study the most important factors influencing wheat farmers’ adoption of a set of modern technologies provided to them by the Food Security Project, which are: tillage technology, wheat variety Research 37, wheat variety Sheba, wheat variety Research 13, seed quantity, and the recommended harvesting  technology, in Dhamar and Ibb governorates of the Republic of Yemen for the 2021-2022 season. The study relied on descriptive and quantitative analysis in processing the data, and the correlations between various variables were analyzed using Pearson’s coefficient. The results of the significance analysis showed that there is a positive, statistically significant correlation between: educational level, marital status, degree of communication with agricultural extension, ownership of animals, ownership of agricultural machinery and equipment, and the degree of adoption of modern agricultural techniques at the 1% and 5% level. The results are that there is a statistically significant negative correlation between: age, source of income and the degree of adoption of modern technologies at 5%. The most important recommendations were the need to the state to intervene by imposing control on agricultural input traders, exempting them from taxes, and providing a sufficient quantity of improved seeds

 Key words: Crop, Classify, Quantity of seeds , Harvest.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Amal Tarrab ^(1)*, Mohammed. Al-Azem ⁽¹⁾ and Fadel Kaadeh ⁽²⁾

(1). Dept of Food Engineering Technologies, Faculty of Technology Engineering University of Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Dept of Biotechnology Engineering Technologies, Faculty of Technical Engineering, University of Aleppo Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Amal Tarrab, E-Mail: Amaltarrab90@gmail.com)

Received: 23/11/2022                Accepted:20/01/2023

Abstract: 

The study included the pasteurization of orange juice by intermittent pasteurization method at a temperature of 65 C⸰ for 30 minutes, using a water bath. The pasteurization process and tests were conducted in the Food preservation and processing laboratory at the Technical Engineering College of the University of Aleppo in April. The most important physical and chemical quality characteristics of fresh and pasteurized juice were studied, where The heat treatment of the juice by the intermittent pasteurization method had a significant effect on the value of vitamin C and the soluble solids (P < 0.05), while there were no significant differences in the total acidity and pH at a significant level (P > 0.05), and the total color differences (ΔE) increased in the pasteurized juice compared with the fresh juice, and it was possible to obtain a safe juice free of bacterial and pathogenic pollutants.

Keywords: pasteurization, quality, microorganisms, orange.    

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Walaa Tahhan ⁽¹⁾, Safaa Al Kilane ⁽¹⁾, Salah Kawas ⁽¹⁾  and Mahmood Abbas⁽²⁾

(1). Dept. of Renewable Natural Resources and Envitoment, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Aleppo University.

(2). Climate and Meteorological, Directorate of Climate and Meteorology, Damascus.

(*Corresponding author:Walaa Tahhan, Email: walaatahhan49@gmail.com)

Received: 13/08/2022         Accepted: 23/11/2022

Abstract: 

This study aims to study the current state of temperature at Damascus station and the changes that occurred and the correlation with carbon dioxide concentration. Carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Atmosphere near Earth surface has increased significantly and has been very significant over time, with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.99. There has been a clear and significant increase in the average annual temperature and the average monthly temperature in April through October, and the biggest rise has been in summer months (June, July, and August), there has been a significant correlation between the average temperature and carbon dioxide concentration (R = 0.86). High temperature in Damascus is due to the increase in the average of annual minimum temperature, mainly the increase in the average monthly minimum temperature in summer months. The correlation coefficient between average annual minimum temperature and time was significant (R = 0.895), in addition its relationship with carbon dioxide concentration has been very significant (R = 0.84). There has been also a rise in the average of maximum temperature, but at a lower rate than in the average of minimum temperature, the correlation coefficient with time (R = 0.7) and the correlation coefficient with carbon dioxide (R = 0.7).

Keywords: climate_ Temperature_ Concentration of carbon dioxide

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Hanny Mahfod^{* (1)}, Akram Alblkhy⁽¹⁾ and Wassem Adela ⁽²⁾

(1). Soil Science Dept ,Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria. 

(2). Agricultural Research Center of Al-Gab, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria. 

(*Corresponding author: Hanny Mahfod. E-Mail: hanimhfood69@gmail.com).

Received: 21/09/2022         Accepted: 8/11/2022

Abstract: 

 This research was carried out at the Al-Gab during 2018 and 2019. The experiment was laid according to randomized complete block design, to study effect of potassium fertilization on yield, content of protein and content of some nutrients in quinoa plant in Al-Gab area. Seven levels of  potassium fertilization (0-12.5-25-37.5-50-62.5-75 kg K₂O/ha) were used. The results showed that the addition of potassium fertilization significantly increased the content of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus in leaves and grains, Also the results showed that the addition of potassium fertilization significantly increased the content of the protein in grains and the grain yield, the highest grain yield in two seasons (3.32, 3.28 t/ha) was obtained when 75 kg K₂O /ha was added, without significant differences between it and the levels 50 and 62.5 kg K₂O /ha.

Key words : quinoa, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, protein.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Neven Hassoun ^*(1) , Ali Kinjo⁽¹⁾ Jamil Abbas ⁽¹⁾ and Rabeea Ziena ⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Soil and water, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Lattakia.

(*Corresponding author: Neven Hassoun. nevenhassoon80@gmail.com ).

Received: 5/10/2022           Accepted: 21/11/2022

Abstract: 

The research was conducted at Sit Kheris Agricultural Station in Latakia Agriculture Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) in Syria, during the two seasons 2018 – 2019, The maize variety ZeamaysL.was used. Three levels of irrigation were applied (70, 80, and 90%) of the total water requirement of plant in addition to the control (100%). The experiment excuted according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCED) with three replicates.CropWat 8.0 was calibrated using data from the seasons 2018-2019 from the 100% treatment in which conditions free of any moisture or fertility stress were applied, the slight changes made to the model during the calibration stage  achieved a significant statistical consistency between the calculated values ​​and the values The simulation for both water consumption and productivity of maize. where the values ​​of the coefficient of determination using the CropWat 8.0 model ranged between (82% – 99%), while the average values ​​of the bias errors and the absolute value errors were close to zero, and it achieved good proportions of the square root values. For the average error of RMSE (25% )as an average for the two seasons with respect to the water consumption of maize, and (31%) as the average of the two seasons for the yield of maize, although the value ( 36%) is relatively high, but the agreement was high between the real values ​​and the estimated values ​​using the CropWatmodel  according to the Willmot Index (92%).

Key words: yellow corn,water consumption, deficient irrigation, irrigation scheduling, crop growth simulation,

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Noha Mutwali^(1)*., Mohamad Ballal⁽²⁾, and Adel Farah⁽³⁾

(1). Forestry and Gum Arabic Research Centre, Sudan

(2). Freelancer: Natural resources’ management expert, Sudan

 (3). Soba Research Station for Reclaiming Saline and Sodic Soils, Sudan

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Noha Mutwali, email:nuhamutwali@yahoo.com)

Received:4/08/2023                            Accepted: 20/08/2022

Abstract: 

This study was conducted in July 2022 in   North Kordofan State (latitudes 11.15^o – 16.45^oN; longitudes 27.05^o – 32^oE) in western Sudan on an inherently impoverished sandy soil highly vulnerable to wind erosion. The aim of the study is to assess wind erosion and its social and environmental impacts and the use of shelterbelts as erosion control measures. Various sand traps were used for measuring the sand accumulation. Social surveys were conducted to assess the drivers of land degradation and avoiding it these reasons. The results reveal the highest soil accumulation (70.0ton ha^-1 year^-1) was obtained at the 15 cm trap height. Soil accumulation  at the 30cm and the 45cm high traps was also high (>40ton ha^-1 year^-1). The study proved that wind is blowing at different levels carrying the soil particles. Disc-ploughing on sandy soils, is the main driver of land degradation followed by overcutting of trees. However, drought, lack of improved seed and poverty are the main  constraints to agricultural production.

Key words: wind erosion, Soil accumulation, sand traps, shelterbelts. Social impacts, environmental impact.

Full paper in English: pdf

Ammar Abbas.^(1)*

(1). General commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ammar Abbas, Email:ammarabbas1984@hotmail.com)

Received:20/09/2022          Accepted: 20/11/2022

Abstract: 

The research was conducted based on daily climatic data at Al-Basel Airport Station in Lattakia during the period 2000-2016 and included (maximum and minimum temperatures °C, average relative humidity%, wind speed m/s, solar radiation MJ/m² day) All parameters were entered into the ET0 Calculator software according to (FAO n65) publications which is based on the modified Penman-Monteith equation. Previous parameters were entered according to several possibilities (2 parameters, 3 parameters, 4 parameters) and the obtained values ​​were compared with the values ​​resulting from all inputs and the study of correlations between them to determine the parameters that give values ​​as close to accuracy as possible when all required parameters of the model cannot be obtained. The closest results were accurate by entering parameters (maximum and minimum temperature, mean relative humidity and wind speed) where the correlation coefficient was (r 0.94), and the parameters (maximum and minimum temperature, average relative humidity and solar radiation) gave a strong correlation (0.83).

Key words: ET0, evapotranspiration, model, parameter, correlation.

 Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ali Yousif^(1)*

(1). Dept. of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ali Yousif, Email:aliabouyahia82@gmail.com).

 Received: 27/11/2022        Accepted:17/11/2022

Abstract: 

A sand pot experiment was conducted to study the response of some cultivars of chicory (Cichorium intybus, cv. Puna, Lacerta, and Forage Feast) to increasing levels of NaCl (0 – 25 – 50 – 100 mM) in the nutrient solution. The germination of seeds from Lacerta and Forage Feast was not affected by salinity at all levels on the day 12 of the experiment, while the germination percentage for variety Puna was reduce by 20% at 100 mM concentration of NaCl in the media. Despite of the reduction in growth, plants didn’t show any sign of salt stress in any of the three cultivars Puna, Lacerta, and Forage Feast used in this experiment. The reduction in leaves growth ranged between 35-40% at 100 mM NaCl in the nutrient solution which correspond to EC values of 7.5 mmohs/cm. Chicory had high concentrations of all nutrients (K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, and P), and salinity stress didn’t had an effect of the concentrations of K, Ca, and P in both leaves and roots tissues. Mg concentration in both leaves and roots were reduced under salt stress, but not below 0.3% in dry matter below which deficiency symptoms are expected. We concluded that chicory varieties used in this study can be classified as moderately tolerant to salinity and therefore can be grown for animal feed in salt affected area or when salt-affect water is the only source for irrigation.

Keywords: Forage chicory, Salinity, Germination, Mineral Nutrients Uptakes, Hydroponics

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Sffana Al- Kousa *⁽¹⁾, Mona Barakat ⁽¹⁾ and Sawsan Suleiman ⁽²⁾

(1). Soil and Water Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria. Syria.

(*Corresponding author:   Sffana Al- kousa. E-Mail sffanako1994ali@gmail.com).

Received:  8/08/2022             Accepted:2/11/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Jableh- sanopar area in sandy soil (2020-2021), using eggplant plants (variety Nawair), in order to study the effect of hydrogel addition (0,1-0.2-0.4 g/hole) to sandy soil on water conservation and plant growth indicators. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using the Genstat 12 program, and a nova test to calculate LSD at 5%. Laboratory analysis of hydrogel treatment (0.1-0.2-0.4%) of sandy soil resulted in an increase in moisture content and delayed the water time loss from the soil. Field capacity increased steadily with increasing hydrogel concentration, which enhanced the amount of available water. Leaf and flower number, leaf area, branch, and root dry weight were significantly increased compared to the control. Treatment of sandy soil with hydrogel (0.1-0.2-0.4 g/hole) at field, reduced the amount of water needed to produce 1 kg of eggplant compared with the control, 0.4 g/hole was superior compared to the author treatments.

Keywords: eggplant, hydrogel, polymer, sandy soil, moisture content.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf