Maysaa Haji Mohammad^*(1)  Mohammad Hassan⁽¹⁾ and Nisrin Naksho⁽²⁾

(1). Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University. Latakia, Syria.

(2). Food Microbiology, National Commission of Biotechnology,  Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Maysaa Haji Mohammad. E-Mail: maysaahajje92@gmail.com).

Received: 20/06/2020                               Accepted: 12/10/2020

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of handling Boops boops fish on its quality and safety. The samples were freshly collected from Lattakia sea water traced from catch till arrival to the consumer, during the period from September 2018 until October 2019. Bacteria species were determined using MacConkey agar, SS Agar and Manitol Salt Agar. The results showed that the number of microorganisms increased during fish handling and reached its highest level in the marketplace, this increase was observed particularly in summer. The gills were the most infected part by handling followed by the scales and finally the eyes. The results also showed the presence of gram positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella sp., where the most infected stage was in the market.

Key words: Boops boops, TAPC, Handling, Syrian marine waters.

Full paper in English: PDF

Hashim Mhawi Tuama Alibadi^*(1) andAlaa .S. Jabbar⁽²⁾

(1). Agricultural Directorate of Maysan, Iraq.

(2). Collage of Agriculture, University of Basra, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Hashim Mhawi Tuama Alibadi, E-mail: hashimmhawi@yahoo.com).

Received: 27/07/2020                               Accepted: 21/09/2020

Abstract

This study was conducted on a family Carabidae during the period from 1/12/2018 to 30/11/2019 at the province of Maysan, the research included a diagnostic and environmental study of the species  Drypta lineola Macleay 1825,  the classification of species, genera and families of ground beetles on the study of adult insects. The results showed that the aforementioned species was registered in Maysan Governorate / Iraq (Qal’at Salih area). It recorded the highest numerical density of adult insects in April and October , at a rate of 8 adult insects / trap per month. The most important diagnostic character of adult insects: Medium sized insects, elongated and Symmetrical sides; labrum trilobed; antennae long and slender, scape longer than all joints and it had two colors, pronotum almost cylindrical, brown; tarsal joint 4 bilobed; elytra parallel-sided, wide near the top, consisting of two colors.

Key words: Coleoptera, Carabidae, Dryptera lineola, Maysan, Qal’at Salih, Iraq.

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Karem M. Mohanny⁽¹⁾ Ahmed M. M. Ebieda^*(2)  Ghada S. Mohamed⁽¹⁾ Refaat O.H. Allam⁽¹⁾ and Marwa A. A. Sadan⁽²⁾

(1). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Egypt.

(2). Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ahmed M. M. Ebieda. E-Mail:ahmedebieeda@yahoo.com).

Received: 24/08/2020                               Accepted: 15/10/2020

Abstract

The current work was carried out at the El-Mattana Agricultural Research Station, Luxor Governorate during the 2016/17 and 2017/18 seasons to assess the best possible expression to S. sacchari (SS)infestation and its population ecology. Six promising sugarcane cultivars  were  utilized. Six infestation techniques of SS were applied (i.e. Population density (PD), infested internode numbers (IIN), IIN %), infested stalk numbers (Isn), Isn % and infestation index (II)). For determination PD, nymphs, females, adult females and all stages were detected to select the best expression for PD. All stages of SS per 10 plants were used because the females and the adult females were small numbers. The population ecology of SS is changed, now sexual dimorphism not available because the male is absent but the parthenogenetic mode of reproduction is only observed in Egypt. Sep had the highest rates of infestation across two seasons.  The  largest  ranges  for  nymph  &  all  stages  were  between  15  Aug  and  15  Dec  and  for  females and adult females  between  15  Aug  and  1  October. G3 and GT54-9 were highly sensitive and G4 had a high tolerance. At the same time, the grades G48-47, G2003-44 and G 99-103 are moderately susceptible to SS infestation. The  cultivars  being  tested  as  well  as  the  seasons  varied  greatly  in  their  susceptibility  to  S. sacchari based   on   the   various   their  properties or seasons. The comparing correlations between climatic parameters and infested techniques revealed that the best expression for SS to infest sugarcane was IIN%, Isn and Isn%.

Key words: Sugarcane, Saccharicoccus sacchari, Population ecology.

Full paper in English: PDF

Waseem Yousef Daoud^*(1)

(1). Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Waseem Yousef Daoud. E-Mail: waseem.daoud@yahoo.com).  

Received: 13/09/2020                               Accepted: 17/10/2020

Abstract

Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs) with Zero Valent Iron (ZVI) have been used to remediate groundwater contaminated with metals such hexavalent chromium Cr(VI). Cr(VI) is of particular environmental concern due to its toxicity and mobility and is challenging to remove from industrial wastewater. It is a strong oxidizing agent that is carcinogenic and mutagenic, and diffuses quickly through soil and aquatic environments. It does not form insoluble compounds in aqueous solutions, so separation by precipitation is not feasible. While Cr(VI) oxyanions are very mobile and toxic in the environment, trivalent Cr(III) cations are not. Like many metal cations, Cr(III) forms insoluble precipitates. Thus, reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III) makes its removal from effluent easier and also reduces its toxicity and mobility. At high pH values iron precipitations are expected to occur which lead to changes in ZVI surface, therefore the reactivity and hydraulic performance of ZVI decrease over time.  ZVI reactivity was prolonged by adding pyrite (FeS₂) to ZVI for scavenging oxygen in feed water as well as neutralizing the effects of . An increase in Cr(VI) removal was found in ZVI preceded by FeS₂.

Keywords: Permeable reactive barriers; Polluted groundwater; Hexavalent chromium; Zero valent iron; Pyrite.

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Alaa Mohamad Soubh^*(1)

(1). School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Alaa Mohamad Soubh. Email: soubh@ut.ac.ir; alaa.sobh1984@yahoo.com).

Received: 14/09/2020                               Accepted: 17/10/2020

Abstract

In this research, the performance of O₃/H₂O₂ process for the removal the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of raw leachate landfill was studied. The experiments were conducted in a laboratory reactor. This research has been done in Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, during the year 2018. In this study, the effects reaction time (0-120 min), pH (3-11), O₃ mass flow rate (0-1.21 gr hr-1), and H₂O₂ dose (1-7 gr L-1) on the treatment of raw leachate landfill was studied. The Maximum removal efficiency of COD  at optimize operational conditions (reaction time: 60 min, pH 8.5, O₃ mass flow rate 0.65 gr hr^-1 and H₂O₂ dose 4 gr L^-1) was 97% .

Keywords: Ozone, H₂O_2, COD, Leachate landfill.

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Dhufr Gheni Omar⁽¹⁾ Othman Kalid AL-Mafargy^*(1) and Hussien Aziz Mohammed⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design. College of Agriculture. Diyala University . Iraq

(2). Department of Soil Science and Water Resources .College of Agriculture. Diyala University. Iraq

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Othman Kalid AL-Mafargy. E-Mail: Othmanalwan@uodiyala.edu.iq).

Received: 13/05/2020                               Accepted: 23/06/2020

Abstract

The experiment was conducted at a field of Horticulture and Landscaping Department, Gardening Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Diyala, during the autumn season of 2018/2019, to study the effect of spraying with zinc and salicylic acid on the total concentration of chlorophyll, concentration of ascorbic acid, total soluble solids, fruit weight and the percentage of water in the leaves of cherry tomato (cv. BATLLE) in order to understand some physiological effects of adding zinc and salicylic acid. The experiment was laid in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Zinc element was sprayed in the form of chelated Zinc in three levels viz. 0, 50, and 100 mg/L, which were symbolized  by Zn0 , Zn50 and Zn100 respectively. Salicylic acid was sprayed in four levels viz. 0, 50, 100, and 150  mg/L, which were symbolized by SA0, SA50, SA100 and SA150 respectively. The results showed that spraying the plant with high levels of salicylic acid  SA150 resulted in a significant increase in all the characteristics under study. The results showed that increasing the concentration salicylic acid from (0) mg/L to (150) mg/L increased the concentration of chlorophyll in the leaves, ascorbic acid and total soluble solids in fruits, fruit weight and the percentage of water in the leaves by 41.93 %, 3.95%, 53.86%, 108.49% and  5.94%  respectively. The  Zn100 treatment had significantly the highest concentration of chlorophyll in the leaves, ascorbic  acid and total soluble solids in the fruit  and  fruit weight. The treatment (Zn100+SA150) had significantly higher values than other interactions for all the characteristics under study except the percentage of water in the leaves, where the interaction (Zn0+SA50) surpassed the other treatments significantly.

Key words: Cherry tomato, Salicylic acid, Chelated zinc, Total soluble solid,  Concentration of ascorbic acid.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ola Tawfeek Al-Halabi*⁽¹⁾ Bayan Mohammed Muzher⁽¹⁾ Samer Ghaleb Abou Hamdan⁽¹⁾ and Saoud Sarboukh⁽²⁾

(1). Pome and Grapevine Division, Agriculture Scientific Research Center in Sweida, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Hoot Research Station, Agriculture Scientific Research Center in Sweida, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ola Tawfeek Al-Halabi. E-Mail: ola_halabi@msn.com).

Received: 12/01/2019                               Accepted: 10/04/2019

Abstract

This investigation was achieved during 2013-2015 at Pome and Grapevine Division and Hoot Station in Al Swieda to study the response of apple rootstock Sukary Alswieda seedling produced by stoolbed to deficit irrigation by applying three levels of water: 100% (control), 75% and 50% of water requirement. Growth dynamic, aerial vegetative and root system characters, root deepness in soil and the wet and dry weight of plant parts were studied for this rootstock under studied water levels. The results showed that Sukary Alswieda rootstock had different growth behaviors depending on the level of water, in addition to shorten plant length at the levels of 50% and 75 % (95.5 cm and 118 cm respectively), on the other hand, the length and deepness of its root in comparison with the control treatment. The levels 50% and 75% distinguished with high number of fine roots (1mm diameter) which were 90 and 87 roots respectively, while it was 73 regarding the control. As well as, the accumulation of dry mater increased in roots at the levels 50% and 75%, and decreased in stem and leaves, these results indicated the response of the studied rootstock to the deficit irrigation conditions, and although of shorten plant length at 75% level, but the seedlings length was in the acceptable range for producing seedlings, consequently, the ability of applying deficit irrigation and benefiting from the efficient use of available irrigation water when producing the grafted seedlings from this rootstock, however, it had a good root system.

Key words: Apple rootstock, Stool bed, Deficit irrigation.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ali Deeb⁽¹⁾ and Ammar Nbeaa*⁽¹⁾

(1). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University,latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Ammar Nbeaa. E-Mail: ammar.nbeaa1991@gmail.com).

Received: 15/02/2019                               Accepted: 12/04/2019

Abstract

The study was carried out during 2017 and 2018 at Setkhiris village which belongs to the countryside of Latakia Governorate in citrus orchard containing (55) orange trees of Washington navel at the age of 15 years old and grafted on citrus Aurantium as root stock, to study the relationship between the distribution of the quarterly growth cycles on the productive surface and the quality of the fruits. The experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment with four experimental plots distributed on the four sides of the orchard (each side is considered as a plot) and (3) trees in each plot. Each tree represented one replication. The experiment includes two factors; the change in height and the quarterly growth cycles (Spring, summer and autumn). The results showed that autumn growth cycle in the third layer of the crown exceeded TSS (12.1%), total sugar content (10.23%) and fruit content of vitamin C (49.26 mg/100 ml Jiuce), while total acidity decreased according to the height of the fruit on the crown.

Key words: Citrus, Washington navel, Growth cycles, Crown layers.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Qasim Jasim Athafua^*(1)

(1). Department of Biology, College of Education-Qurna, University of Basrah, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Qasim Jasim Athafua. E-Mail: www.qassem. jassem@ gmail.com).

Received: 30/03/2020                               Accepted: 23/07/2020

Abstract

The study was conducted at a private field north of Basra Governorate during the growing season 2019 with objective of exploring the effect of three seaweed extracts (Agazone, Agrosign and Alagen) at a concentration of 1ml per liter and three application methods (soaking seeds, spraying plants and soaking seeds +spraying) on growth, flowering and yield of Okra. The results indicated that soaking seeds+ spraying the plants gave the highest values of vegetative and flowering growth characteristics compared to the other methods. Also, the results showed that Alagen extract gave the highest values in plant height, number of leaves and the percentage of flowering .Whereas the highest values resulted in leaf area, number of branches, number of flowers and total fruit weight of plant were resulted from the use of the Agrosign extract. The interaction between both factors was  significant on vegetative growth and yield  characteristics.

Key words: Agazone extract, Agrosign extract, Alagen extract, Okra.  

Full paper in Arabic: PDF 

Mazen Ali Nassour^*(1)

(1). Department of Horticulture, faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mazen Nassour. E-Mail: mazen.nassour@gmail.com). 

Received: 18/02/2019                               Accepted: 15/04/2019

Abstract

The aim of this research was to study the influence of foliar spray with different concentrations of benzyl adenine on growth and flowering of stock (Matthiola incana, v. Canneto White). The experiment was carried out at nursery and laboratories of Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University during season 2017/2018, and included five treatments of foliar spray of BA: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 ppm, with three replicates (30 plants for each replicate). The results showed a positive effect of BA, especially with the highest concentration, on the development vegetative parameters (plant height, leaves number, leaves area and chlorophyll content). In other hand, the best flowering parameters (flowering initiation, spike length, number of flowers on spike, and flower diameter) were obtained with 100 ppm concentration (80.1 day, 30.1 cm, 32.5 flowers\spike, 3.5 cm respectively). Growth regulator treatment had significantly economic income compared to the control, especially with 100 ppm concentration of  BA.

Key words: Stock (Matthiola incana), Benzyl adenine, Growth and flowering traits.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF