Aya Salhdar*⁽¹⁾ and Fadel Kaadeh⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Aya Salhdar. E-Mail:salhdar02@gmail.com).

Received: 29/08/2019                               Accepted: 06/11/2019

Abstract

The experiment was conducted in order to determine the efficacy of eucalyptus, chinaberry extracts and mint oil in repellent potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella, under laboratory conditions, during the year 2018. Plant extracts were prepared with different concentrations i.e. 2.5%, 7%; and 10%. The results showed the efficacy of mint leaves oil in repellent the 2^nd instar larval where repellent percentage was 92% at a concentration of 10% and after 24 hours of treatment, but it was for eucalyptus leaves extract and chinaberry fruits extract 92%, 84% respectively, with the same concentration. The results also demonstrated that mint oil had an effect in repellent the adults of moth where the percentage was 100% after 24 hours of treatment, using 10% concentration, and at percentages of 100%, 84% when using eucalyptus and chinaberry extracts respectively, at the same concentration (10%). The results showed the possibility of controlling the potato tuber moth using mint oil and eucalyptus and chinaberry plant extracts.

Keyword: Plant extract, Mint oil, Phthorimaea operculella.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Bachar Aldakil^*(1)

(1). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Bachar Aldakil. E-Mail: bashardakhel6@gmail.com).

Received: 11/12/2019                               Accepted: 21/01/2020

Abstract

Tomato plants are exposed to many fungal, bacterial and viral diseases, affecting their quality and quantity. Tomato wilt disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici is an important disease. The aim of the search was to study the effect of bacterial and fungal isolates, in  single and combination treatments, that belong to the genera of Basillus sp. (Isolation 1) and Pseudomonas sp. (Isolation 3) and Trichoderma sp. (Isolation 2), which was proven in vitro, by treating tomato seeds, a susceptible local variety before planting with bacterial suspensions at a concentration of 1 x 108 CFU/ml, or treatment of sterilized potted soil with a spore suspension of Trichoderma sp. (2) at a concentration of 1 x 107 spores/ml after planting the seedlings at the age of 3 real leaves directly. The soil was infested by adding a content of a 9 cm diameter Petri dish of a 10-days colony of pathogenic fungus (mycelium and spores) per treatment /4 pots, 6 days after the addition of Trichoderma sp. Isolate, and the results were taken at the beginning of flowering. The results showed that there were highly significant differences between the treatments when comparing the mean wet weight of the vegetative parts, as the combined treatment Pseudomonas sp. (3) Trichoderma sp. (2) significant differences with all other treatments, as the mean wet weight of the vegetative parts compared to the treatment of the infectious control which was 29 and 10.22 g, respectively. Likewise, the highest value of the average wet weight of the root total was recorded at the same treatment where the average wet weight of the root total was 66.72 and 22.82 g, respectively. The results of this study indicated the possibility of some isolates of bacterial and fungal organisms with opposite ability to reduce the damages of the fungus that causes tomato wilt disease by improving plant growth.

Keywords: F.oxysporum f.sp lycopersici, Tomato, Plant growth enhancement, Biocontrol.

Full paper in English: PDF

Husain Ali Mehdi^*(1) Alaa Sabeeh Jabbar⁽¹⁾ and Taha Y. Al-Edany⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq.

(* Corresponding author: Dr. Hussain Mehdi. E-Mail:protactionplan@gmail.com).

Received: 09/07/2020                               Accepted: 12/09/2020

Abstract

The research was conducted at Shatt al-Arab district, the fourth district of the island in Basra governorate during June, July and August in 2018 and 2019. A cooling system was established in one of the research apiaries using water to reduce the heat inside the apiary and determine its effect on the honey bee cells, which were distributed straightness at the apiary, and the other apiary had no cooling system for comparison. The results showed that in the cooled apiary the temperature decreased inside the beehives to 33.67 °c, at a time when the outside air temperature of the apiary was 49.33 °c. The highest temperature reduction inside the hive was 33.93% of the cooled cells and the cooled apiary, either less. The percentage of heat reduction was 14.57% of the cells of uncooled apiaries. Therefore, it is recommended to adopt mechanisms that reduce the temperature of the apiary and the beehives in hot months to continue the activity and life of bees.

Key words: Cooling system, Beehives, Honey bees.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ammar Jloud^*(1) Nawal Kakeh⁽²⁾ Nayef Alsalti⁽²⁾ and Mounir Alnabhan⁽³⁾

(1).Directorate of Agriculture in Hama, Center for Rearing Natural Enemies, Hama, Syria.a.jloud85@gmail.com.

(2). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(3).General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Hama, Hama, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ammar Jloud. E-Mail: a.jloud85@gmail.com).

Received: 05/11/2019                               Accepted: 19/12/2019

Abstract

This study was carried out at Hama Biological Control Center, during 2017 to study the effect of storage at low temperature on biology of Chrysoperla carnea. Predator stages were stored at low temperatures (6 and 10°C) under short day lengths (10:14 [L:D] h) for one month. The results showed significant effect to cold storage on survival rate for predator stages that decreased under long duration of storage. The lowest rates of survival were 3.5, 18.5% for eggs and 32.5, 38% for 1^st larval instar and 37, 41% for 2^nd larval instar, 40.5, 47.5% for 3^rd larval instar and 31, 38.5% for pupa, when storing at (6, 10ºC) respectively for one month. Reproductive attributes of C. carnea were negatively influenced with cold storage. When storage for one month, female fecundity was 170.05, 261.05 eggs/female at (6, 10ºC) respectively, comparing with control (25±2ºC, 60±5 % RH and 16:8 D/L) 383.05 eggs.

Key words: Chrysoperla carnea, Cold storage, Biology.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Murtadha Kareem Muhammed Al Lami⁽¹⁾  Asaad R. S. Al–Hilphy*⁽²⁾ and Majid H. Al-Asadi⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.

(2). Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Asaad Rehman Al-Hilphy. E-Mail: aalhilphy@yahoo.co.uk).

Received: 29/08/2020                               Accepted: 02/10/2020

Abstract

The study was conducted at the laboratories of the Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, started from 1/10/2019 until 12/1/2020 to investigate the effect of ultrasound on the color components of chicken breast using independent variables (power from 4.4-66 W, ultrasound treatment time from 10-30 minutes, storage period from 0-60 days). The response surface method was used to obtain optimal conditions for the independent variables and to optimize the dependent variables (L *, a *, b *, h and  ∆E). Quadratic polynomial regression models were used to predict color components. Optimization results were compared with the traditional method and fresh meat. The results showed that the optimum conditions were at 66 W, ultrasound treatment time of 24.07 minutes and storage period of 40 days. The values of L *, a * and ∆ E, of the ultrasound treated breast meat were higher by 16.46, 24.26 and 122.26, respectively, while the values of b * and h decreased by 7.79 and 20.63 degrees, respectively. Significant differences (p <0.05) appeared between ultrasound, conventional method and fresh breast meat in color components.

Key words: Ultrasound, Chicken breast meat, Color components, Optimization process.

Full paper in English: PDF

Zhina Abbas Mohammed^*(1) and Sarood Samal Shawkat⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Zhina Abbas Mohammed. E-Mail: zhina.mohammed@univsul.edu.iq).

Received: 01/09/2020                               Accepted: 02/10/2020

Abstract

Energy has been one of the key factors that influence the welfare and performance of an animal’s farm. The whole study was performed at the Department of Animal Science, Animal Farm, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Sulaimani University, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Sixteen adult black does, 1.5-2 years old have been used and randomly divided into two classes (8 does + 8 does), and reared in single pens (1.20 x 1.10 cm). The groups were fed two levels, 300 g / day as low-level feed (0.9 Mcal ME) and 600 g / day (1.8 Mcal ME) as high-level feed for 8 weeks of mating season (4 weeks before matting and 4 weeks after matting). This study aimed to study the effect of two levels of energy on live body weight, body condition score, and some hematology parameters. The obtained results throughout all periods showed no significant variations in live body weight and body condition score of does fed either with low or high concentration levels. Moreover, in beginning the experiment HCT % and PLT were significantly increased (p<0.05) for T2 (high level) whereas an insignificant change in other parameters. After 4 weeks the white blood cell count (WBCs), L%, PLT, and PCT % were significantly increased (p<0.05), (WBCs) and L% for T1 (low level) and PLT, PCT % for T2 (high level). After 8 weeks, MO %, HCT %, and PLT were significant differences (p<0.05), MO % for T1 (low level) and HCT%, PLT for T2 (high level), while other parameters were not significant.

Key words: Doe, Live body weight, Body condition score, Energy and blood parameters.

Full paper in English: PDF

Sarood Samal Shawkat*⁽¹⁾ Saman Abdulmajid Rashid⁽¹⁾ and Zhina Abbas Mohammed⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Sarood Samal Shawkat. E-Mail: sarood.shawkat@univsul.edu.iq).

Received: 01/08/2020                               Accepted: 04/09/2020

Abstract

The objective of this project was to determine the impact of various skip feeding programs on some immune organs and blood parameters in both sexes of broiler. A total of 260 broiler chicks, males and females have been divided into four groups each comprising five replicates of 13 chicks per replicate as follow T1: Control: (Feed is provided continuously and permanently).(T2) Skip every 1 day: (Provide the feed for one day and skip it at the next day and so on until the age of 42 days).; (T3) Skip every 2 days: (Providing the feed for two consecutive days, cutting it the next day, and so on; (T4) Skip every 3 days: (Feed is available for three days in front of the chicks, and chicks were remained without feeding at the next day; the treatments were applied  from 15 days old up to 42 days of age. Skip programs had no significant effects on bursa of fabricius and spleen percentages, while skip every one-day pancreases percentage in males was significant; there was no significant effect on haemoglobin of males. However, packed cell volume (PCV), White blood cells (WBC)s in females and Heterophile percentage in both sexes were significantly affected (p<0.05) by skip programs, also, there was no significant effect on red blood cell (RBC)s, Esophil and basophile percentages in both sexes. Males showed significant compensatory (p<0.05) of lymphocytes percentage than females in T4, but monocytes had no differences in both sexes. There was a minor effect of different skipping on blood biochemical. Glucose and cholesterol concentrations were not affected by treatments in both sexes, while total protein and urea concentration were affected just in females.  

 Key words: Broiler, Skip-a-day feeding, Hematological and Immunity parameters.

Full paper in English: PDF

Abdalla Mohammed Abdalla Mansour^*(1) Adel Mohammed Milad Ishlak⁽²⁾ and Mohamed Ahmed Hamid Toweir⁽³⁾

(1). Department of the Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benghazi. Libya.

(2). Department Animal production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benghazi. Libya.

(3). Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Libya.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Abdalla Mohammed Abdalla Mansour. E-Mail:abdalla.mansour@uob.edu.ly).

Received: 10/08/2020                               Accepted: 14/09/2020

Abstract

In this study, the microbial quality of some white cheese (ricotta, halloumi and homemade samples) sold in Benghazi markets was studied in December 2019. Samples were analyzed for total colony count, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The total bacterial count ranged from 5.10 to 7.55 log₁₀CFU/g for all cheese types with a mean of 6.88 ± 0.8024log₁₀CFU/g.  Total bacterial counts for ricotta cheese were 5.10 to 7.46, and were 6.54 to 7.49 log₁₀CFU/g for Halloumi cheese manufactured locally in Benghazi, and 5.61 to 7.55log₁₀CFU/g homemade white cheese. Total coliform count were 2.48to 6.70 with a mean of 4.67± 1.4673 log₁₀CFU/g. Besides, total Staphylococcus count was 1 to 4.82,witha mean of 3.68 ± 1.055 log₁₀CFU/g. All cheese samples were highly contaminated with bacteria, as the microbial load was above the acceptable limits (5.70 to 6.18). The studied species were classified as having poor quality. A high microbial load in cheese samples indicates a risk to the general health of consumers. This proves the need to improve food hygiene standards.

Keywords: White cheese, Ricotta, Microbial quality, Contamination.

Full paper in English: PDF

Najari Sghaier⁽¹⁾ Atoui Ahlem*⁽¹⁾ and Abdennebi Moldi⁽¹⁾

 (1). Institute of Arid Regions, Faculty of sciences (F.S.G) Gabés, University of Gabés, Médenine. Tunisia.

(* Corresponding author: Dr. Atoui Ahlem, E-mail : ahlematoui@gmail.com).

Received: 08/06/2020                               Accepted: 22/09/2020

Abstract

The study aimed to develop a set of indicators of an economic and biological nature that can be adopted from a better evaluation of the productivity of different genetic groups resulting from the local breeding program for goats with improved and specialized breeds in the oases of southern Tunisia. The proposed indicators depend on adjusting the average qualifications of milk and meat production for each genetic group, by taking into account the outcome of the breeding season and the cost of breeding for each group separately. The database was collected over a period of 22 years in the caprine herd of the Arid Areas Institute of Médenine. It consisted of direct records of 1,654 weights and 993 records of periodic milk production for members of the domestic goat herd, imported breeds, and hybrid groups. The proposed economic and vital indicators are based on collecting and adjusting all the components of milk production and growth of the goat by calculating the reproductive data, mortality, infertility and abortion. In the second stage, the productivity obtained above is modified by dividing it by the average metabolic weight (P ^0.75), which reduces the cost of breeding, which is correlated with the relative body size and feeding requirements in particular, which differ from one genetic group to another. The application of economic and biological indicators led to a classification and evaluation of productivity completely different from what was obtained based on a comparison of individual performance and production only as usual and which does not reflect the true effectiveness of the heterogeneous herds. It was noted that some strains, with high performance from milk products or heavy weights in weaning, were subject to evaluation influencing their ranking due to infertility rates or high mortality. Moreover, the correction by metabolic weight has profoundly altered the genetic difference arrangement in favor of local goats and marsiana with small sizes compared to latin, damascene and hybrid goats. Consequently, the incorporation of all productive components and animal behavior into the evaluation criteria provides effective technical means for comparing the productive performance of heterogeneous herds which supports the effectiveness of genetic improvement programs. Improvements can be made to the studied indicators by calculating other elements that interfere in the outcome of education or by adopting individual indicators instead of the medium, which is included in future studies.

Key words: Productivity assessment indicators, Local goats, Crossbreeding, Metabolic weight.

Full paper in English: PDF

Kamal Krishna Mistry^*(1) Md. Harunor-Rashid⁽¹⁾ and Ratna Halder⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Botany, Ausmatulla Ideal School and College, Solmize, Basundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

(*Corresponding author: Kamal Krishna Mistry. E-Mail: kkmistryphd@yahoo.com).

Received: 03/07/2020                               Accepted: 23/08/2020

Abstract

This study was carried out with Household Solid Waste (HSW) management and environmental pollution in Dhaka City (Azimpur Colony), during May 2018 to survey waste management and disposal, and to study water supply, sanitation, HSW management, and drainage services following ranking IV, III, II, I with priority index where householders emphasized to HSW management, also, to record, the majority of people attached to solid waste management (II). In other way, to identify problems of waste disposed of indiscriminately, irregular removal of waste dustbins, waste disposed outside the dustbin and water-logging due to blockage of drains with waste by priority ranked I, II, III, IV. The priority index (0.588) with rank (I) indicated more significant to follow ‘waste disposed outside the dustbin’. However, 50% of respondents preferred average rating of the municipal solid waste management system (rating based) and the maximum respondents (81%) were unsatisfactory and 19% were satisfactory regarding waste disposal of the study area.

Key words: Improper waste management, Waste disposal, Environmental pollution.

Full paper in English: PDF