AbdulNaser Al-Omar*(1) , Morshid Kassouha(2)

(1)General Commission For Scientific Agricultural Research (GSCAR), Hama Research Center , Syria.

(2). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine- Hama University, Hama, Syria. (*Corrsponding author: Dr. AbdulNaser Al-Omar. E-Mail: abdnaser64@gmail.com).

Received: 24/08/2020 Accepted: 27/09/2020

Abstract

This study was conducted on 320 Camel at Wady Al-atheeb Research Station during the period (2011-2012), where (207) samples of ticks were collected. The camels which did not treated with acaricides were selected randomly and examined clinically to recognize the prevalence of ticks, determining the sex, species effect of seasons, animal age and the positions of ticks intrusion on the animal body. Ticks were determined through morphological characteristics using a stereomicroscope in parasitological laboratory at Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (Hama University) according to standard identification keys. Results showed significant differences (P<0.01), during the seasons of the year where the annual average of tick prevalence was (64.68 %), The higher rates of prevalence were found in spring (95%) and summer(87.5%), whereas the rates were less in autumn (45%) and winter(31.25%). Significant differences (P<0.01) were found according to the groups of camels age, where The higher prevalence rates were in the (6 months to 2 years old (41.54%), then the group between (3–5) years old (37.68%), The lower were in the group of (6-10) years old (20.77%). Results showed that there were five species belonged to one genus of ticks that is called (H. anatolicum exavatum which was the most prevalence with a rate amounted to (%42.40) then H. marginatum marginatum (%22.29), H. impeltatum (%6.06 ), H. lusitanicum (%0.64), whereas the specie H.detritum detritum was the less frequency with a rate amounted to (2.5% ) of total desolation ticks. Insecticides should be applied throughout the year, especially in the seasons in which the ticks infestation increases, in order to eliminate all ticks stages. In addition to taking preventive measures and procedures.

Key words: Prevalence, Ticks, Species, Camels, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Alaa Hasan*(1) and Sheiam Sleyman (1)

(1).Food science department, Faculty of Agriculture,University of Tishreen
Agriculture.
(*Corrsponding author: Alaa Hasan. E-Mail: alaahasan986@hotmail.com).

Received: 20/8/2019 Accepted: 11/10/2019

Abstract

Broiler chicken samples were collected from different markets in Lattakia city in 2016-2017, the total account and groups of bacteria of broiler skin were done. Then the changes in the populations of the groups of bacteria were examined after each of five consecutive washings in mixtures of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and oleic acid (OA), where portions of skin from commercially processed broiler carcasses were washed in distilled water(control) and in mixture (0.5% NaOH – l% OA) by using a laboratory blender to agitate the skin in the solutions. After each wash, skin was transferred to fresh solutions, and washing was repeated to provide samples washed one to five times in each solution. Bacteria in reinstates of the washed skin were enumerated on plate count (PC) agar, Hektoen Enteric Agar, Mackonkey agar,EMB agar, SS agar, Pseudomonas-Cetrimid-Agar, the results showed that no significant differences were observed in numbers of bacteria recovered on PC, or on all other selective medium from skin after repeated washing in water.Repeated washing of skin in (0.5% NaOH – 1% OA) generally produced significant reductions in the number of bacteria recovered on all medium. Furthermore, no gram-negative enteric bacilli or coliform bacteria, in particular E. coli, were recovered from skin washed four times in (0.5% NaOH – 1% OA). Likewise, no Pseudomonas spp. was recovered from skin washed three or more times in this mixture.
Keyword: Oleic acid, NaOH, Broiler skin, Microbial contamination,Coliforms.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Hasan Youssef Hoseen* (1) Tawfik Dalla(1) and Fahim abd al aziz (2)
(1). Animal Production department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tishreen.
(2). Department of biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tartous, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Hasan Hoseen . E-Mail: hasan.husain.628@gmail.com).

Received: 05/07/2019 Accepted: 21/10 /2019

Abstract

This study is aimed to study the effect of addition beans and clover leaves to the diet of layer hens. The selection criteria were: egg shell, weight of the egg yolk color and color of the legs, The research was carried out in the 2016/2017 season within a special camp for raising layer hens in Tartous, The results showed that the use of fodder additive in layer hens feed resulted the thickness of egg shell and weight of the egg compared with the non-additive added to the feed, The treatment of M2 was the best for all studied indicators and with significant differences is the use of feed additives (7% Medicago Sativa), followed by M6 (7% Medicago Sativa+ Vicia Faba). The thickness of shell was 34.26 mm at the M2 treatment. 33.92 mm at M6 compared with non-coefficient M0 30.86 mm. The weight of the egg exceeded the M2 treatment where the average weight of the egg was 65.452g, followed by the treatment M6 with an average weight of the egg 64.526 g, compared to the M0 non-factor 62.696 g, Also, treatment M2 outperformed the rest of the treatments in terms of yolk color, where the proportion of carotene was 20.445 µg /g yolk followed, treatment M6 where the proportion of carotene was 19.848 µ / g yolk compared to the control M0 untreated 18.577 µg /g yolk. As for the color of the legs, the treatment M2 outperformed the rest of the treatments and the degree of discoloration of the legs at 3.5 degrees followed by treatment M6 by 3.3 degrees compared to the untreated witness 2.3 degrees.

Keyword: Hy Line Brown, Clover (Medicago sativa), beans (Vicia faba) thickness of shell, weight of the egg, carotene.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Amani Berawi*⁽¹⁾ Abd Al-Gani Khorchid⁽²⁾ Mahammad Manhal Al-Zoubi⁽³⁾ Ayham Asbah⁽¹⁾ and Saher Al-Bakeer⁽⁴⁾

(1). Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Hama, (GCSAR). Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Soil and Soil Reclamation, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(3). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR). Damascus, Syria.

(5). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Amani Berawi. E-Mail: eng.amani199001@gmail.com).

Received: 13/02/2019                               Accepted: 10/05/2019

Abstract

The experiment was carried out in an olive orchard, Hama Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), during 2016 and 2017 seasons in order to study the effect adding soluble fertilizers on the absorption of nutrients and the productivity of the olive tree (Kaisi cv.) and content of oil in fruits. The trees of the experiment were selected to be homogeneous in growth and age as possible. Soluble fertilizers were added according to the following treatments: S0 (kg/tree), S1 (0.5 kg/tree), S2 (1 kg/tree), S3 (1.5 kg/tree) and S4 (2 kg/tree) in three addition times during the year as follow: the high phosphorus composition in the first phase (from mid-March to the end of April), the balanced composition at the fruit setting and the beginning of fruit growth, and the high potassium composition at the fruit growth until maturity. The experiment was designed according to randomized complete block design, with three replicates for each treatment. The results showed that the greater the amount of soluble fertilizer added higher content of the soil and plant nutrients NPK and became more available to the plant, and the superiority of treatment S3 on the other of treatments in terms of productivity and the absence of a significant difference with the treatment S4 in terms of the oil percentage which reached 20.15%.

Key words: Olive, Soluble fertilizers, Fertigation, Kaisi cultivar.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Bassam Ibrahim Alsayed^*(1) Ahmad Majed Jalloul⁽¹⁾ and Nasr Aziz Shiekh Sleman⁽¹⁾

(1). Horticulture Department,  Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(٭Corresponding author: Eng. Bassam Ibrahim Alsayed. E-mail: bsssa2014@gmail.com).

Received: 03/02/2019                               Accepted: 07/05/2019

Abstract

This investigation was carried out at Ain Aljrn, Al-Ghab, Hama Governorate during the two agricultural seasons 2016 and 2017. The experiment was conducted in an open field. The search aimed to study the effect of the rootstocks of gourd hybrid Shintoza F1 , and  squash (Cucurbita moschata. Duchesne ex Lam) on plant growth, number of fruits and yield of the watermelon hybrids Natasha F1 and Palmeta F1. This experiment included 6 treatments and was laid out according to randomized  complete block design with four replicates. The two hybrids Natasha F1 and Palmeta F1 were grafted on the rootstocks Shintoza F1 and squash (Cucurbita moschata. Duchesne ex Lam). The results showed that  plants of the two hybrids Natasha F1 and Palmeta F1 that were grafted on Shintoza F1, and the squash (Cucurbita moschata. Duchesne ex Lam) were superior to the non-grafted plants. The hybrid Natasha F1 which was grafted on rootstock hybrid Shintoza F1, was superior in stem length of the main plants (235.98 and 235.89 cm/plant, respectively) and the leaf area of the plants (18685.52, 18684.48 cm²/plant, respectively), number of female flowers, number of fruits and total productivity (9.52, 9.06) tons/dunum respectively during the two seasons of the experiment.

Key words: Muskmelon, Grafting, Growth traits, Productivity traits.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mitiady Boras⁽¹⁾ Riad Zedan⁽¹⁾ and Reem Issa^*(1)

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Reem Issa. E-Mail: reem.issa12a@gmail.com).

Received: 07/02/2019                               Accepted: 05/07/2019

Abstract

The research aimed to study the effect of potassium humate treatments on growth and yield of the potato ‘Spunta’.  The experiment was carried out during spring season of 2018 in Banias. The experiment included four treatments (control without treatment, spraying plants, soaking the tubers, spraying the plants and soaking the tubers). The experiment included 4 treatments with four replicates for each treatment and at a rate of fifteen plants  for each, according to randomized complete block design. In general, the results showed that potassium humate caused stimulation of vegetative growth. This was shown in accelerating the germination of tubers, increasing plant lengths, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index, number of tubers and plant yield. This effective was more evidence in the treatment of  tuber  soaking + spraying of plants. This treatment showed significant superiority in leaf area, plant  yield, dry matter and starch contents of tubers. The highest values which were recorded compared to other treatments, in terms of dry matter 19.6%, and the percentage of starch 13.5%, compared to 14.9% and 9.3% for control.

Key words: Potato, Potassium humate, Yield traits.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Abdel Aleem Bello^*(1)

(1). Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Abdel Aleem Bello. E- Mail: abdelaleembello@gmail.com).

Received: 06/02/2020                               Accepted: 24/07/2020

Abstract

Knowing the interspecific and intraspecific differences of Mentha species is not easy, this is due to the polymorphism and variations in morphology and anatomy characteristics. Because of lack of local studies, it was necessary to taxonomically highlight some local Mentha species, so the aim of this research was to conduct a comparative study of the qualitative and quantitative variations of three local species of Mentha, to find out the distinctive and differentiating taxonomic characteristics for each species. Biometric measurements were taken to cover all stages of the plant’s morphological development including flowering and fruiting. The studied traits included 39 qualitative characteristics and 38 quantitative characteristics. The three studied Mentha species were identified as: Mentha longifolia, Mentha piperita, and Mentha spicata. The studied species showed morphological and anatomical differences, for instance, the stem was hairy in Mentha longifolia and glabrous in the other two species, as well the leaves were velvet on both sides in Mentha longifolia and glabrous in the other two species with the exception of some few and short micro hairs on the margin and the apex of the leaf in Mentha piperita, and the leaves were petioled in Mentha piperita and either sessile or sub sessile in the other two species, Mentha longifolia was unique in the presence of hairs on the corolla, calyx, and flower pedicle. As for the quantitative characteristics, Mentha spicata possessed the largest diameter of peltate glandular trichome of 77.55 micrometer, and the largest length of fruity spike of 11.03 cm. The results indicated the variation of the studied species in a number of morphological and anatomical characteristics such as; the shape and dimensions of leaves and inflorescences, dimensions of the hairs and glandular trichomes, shape of pollen grains, length of polar and equatorial axis.

Key words: Mentha longifolia, Mentha piperita, Mentha spicata, Qualitative characteristics, Quantitative characteristics.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Rima Younes⁽¹⁾ and Mohamed Hisham Alnaasan^*(1)

(1). Applied Science History Department, Institute of the History of Arabic Science, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohamed Hisham Alnaasan. E-Mail: mhishamalnassan@gmail.com).

Received: 01/04/2019                               Accepted: 08/05/2019

Abstract

Man has known the gardens since ancient times. Gardens have emerged since the beginning of human agriculture around houses, because of their spiritual and economic benefits. However, with time, techniques were developed for cultivation and irrigation, after that man started to think of entertainment and comfort, so he has been interested in plants species that please his eyes. Landscaping is considered an art of no less importance than other types of arts such as music and painting. It reflects the extent of human development, the development of techniques and the breadth of imagination. The presence of gardens is not modern, but is characterized by modernity and ancientness at the same time. The human view of the garden has not changed throughout the ages. It is a symbol of renewal, vitality, self-comfort, and an attempt to escape the burdens of life. Man has developed and transferred gardens from one country to another, so that different kinds of gardens have emerged. This research highlighted on the roof gardens of Arab scientific heritage, which were discovered from heritage texts, where these gardens were mentioned in the century (5 AH / 11 AD) and were overlooked in many sources and references. The types of cultivated plants were mentioned in the heritage texts, and the method of planting and transporting them was also mentioned, irrigated and coordinated. These gardens served as a lung and a respite of the building, adding an economic revenue to the population.

Keywords: Roof gardens, Heritage gardens, Heritage texts.
Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Wafaa Obiedou^*(1)

(1).Department of Horticultural, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Wafaa Obiedo. Department of Horticultural, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo).

Received: 01/06/2020                               Accepted: 25/08/2020

Abstract

The research aimed to know the effect of  different concentrations of calcium chloride and sodium benzoate on the physical and chemical characters of bananas fruits and the interaction between them to know the loss in weight, vitamin c and humidity, and the effect of these treatments on the vitamins and percentage of TSS (Total soluble solids). The results showed that the concentration of (9 g\l) was exceeded the other concentrations in conceding the weight loss which was (9.92 g) and diameter reduction which was (2.99 mm), while the percentage of  soluble solid materials was 113% and humidity loss was (8.15%), but the concentration of (6g\l) gave less in weight loss in vitamin C which was (2.30 mlg\100g). While the calcium chloride exceeded sodium benzoate in weight loss which was (15.32g), while the difference between calcium chloride and sodium benzoate in conceding the diameter, humidity, soluble solid materials and Vitamin C was not noticed when studying the interactions between them.  It was observed that the treatment of calcium chloride of 6 g\l concentration exceeded in conceding weight loss (5.28 g), and the calcium chloride of 9 g\l decreased diameter (2.018 mm) and vitamin C which was (1.055 mlg\100gr), while calcium chloride 3 g decreased soluble solid materials which arrived to (0.625%), but sodium benzoate at 9 g\l  reduced  humidity loss (5.99%).

Key words: Calcium chloride, Sodium benzoate, Banana, TSS, Storage.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Amjad Mtawej^*(1) Amir Ibrahim⁽²⁾ and Mohamad Hassan⁽³⁾  

(1). Directorate of Agriculture in Latakia, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Marine Biology, High Institute of Marine Research, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(3). Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Amjad Mtawej. E-Mail: amjadmtaw@gmail.com).

Received: 25/08/2020                               Accepted: 22/09/2020

Abstract

Some juveniles fish and fingerlings prefer coastal estuarine environments for feeding, growth and reproduction. This research was done at three rivers estuaries of the coastal waters of Latakia i.e. AL-Kabir AL-Shamali River, AL-Sanawbar River and AL-Qandil River, during the period Jan. 2014 to Dec. 2015. Each station was divided into three different sampling sites: fresh water station (river stream), estuary station and a marine station. Fish were collected bi-monthly and several fishing methods had been used for this purpose. Some of the physical and chemical properties of the water were measured, and the locations and times of fingerling presence in the estuary were determined. Results revealed the presence of 42 fish species, distributed over 22 families and 6 orders. The largest number of species was in AL-Kabir AL-Shamali station, then in AL- Qandil station and finally in AL- Sanawbar station. The results revealed the existence of several fish species, which may be used in mari culture.

Key words: Fish diversity, Estuaries, Mariculture, Fish Fingerlings, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF