Abeer Jubilee^*(1)  Boulos Khoury⁽²⁾  and Mazen Rajab⁽²⁾

^(1). Researcher assistant,, Gcsar, Lattakia, Syria.

(2) Professor, Crops Dep, Agric.Fac, Tishreen Univ, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Abeer jubilee. E-Mail:abeerjubily.e@gmail.com).  

Received: 15/07/2020                                Accepted: 08/08/2019

Abstract

The study aimed to evaluating the correlation relationship between seed yield and its some related characters  for mutants resulting from the treated chickpea seeds variety Gab 5, which treated by Different doses of gamma ray (15- 20 and 25) KR.

The seeds planted during the season 2017/2018 in lines without an experimental design at the Agricutural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia, to obtain mutants which may compose a base of new varieties in increasing and improving chickpea production activity in future. The results showed in the first mutant generation that seed yield per plant had the highest positive and significant correlation with number of  pods per plant (r = 0.984 ) at the dose 20 KR and (r = 0.982) at the dose of 15 KR and (r = 0.977) at the dose of 25 KR, while the second strongest correlation for seed weight was with the number of seeds per the plant (r = 0.984), (r = 0.978), and (r = 0.966) at doses 20 KR, 25 KR and 15 KR, respectively. Whereas, the third strongest correlation for the seed weight was with the plant height (r = 0.668), (r = 0.650) and (r = 0.545) at doses 25 KR, 20 KR and 15 KR, respectively. Therefore, these traits could be included as selection criteria for Improvement seed yield in chickpea.

Keyword: Chickpea, Seeds yield, Gamma ray, Induced mutants, Correlation
                   coefficient, Regression.

Full paper in Arabic:PDF

Safaa Fahed Najla* ⁽¹⁾, Ramzi Fahed Murshid

(1)- Horticulture Science Department – Faculty of Agriculture- Damascus University

(*Corrsponding author: Safaa Najla. E-Mail: safaanajla@gmail.com).

Received: 28/01/2020                                Accepted: 23/02/2019

Abstract

The study was carried out during 2017 season in Abu Jarash farm in Damascus city, in order to compare the effect of 3 nitrogen fertilizer concentrations M (100, 75 and 50% of the recommended dose) and 3 concentrations of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract T (5, 10 and 15 g/l) in addition to the interaction treatments, on morphological (leaf number, plant leaf area, stem length and diameter…etc) and biochemical characteristics (chlorophyll a and b, total oxalate, vitamin C and N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents) of spinach. The experiment was designed according to complete random blocks, and it consisted of 10 treatments (M100, M75T5, M75T10, M75T15, M50T5, M50T10, M50T15, T5, T10 and T15). Each treatment includes 5 repetitions. The results showed a significant effect for M50T15 with leaf number (17.86 leaf/ plant), for M50T10 and M50T15 with leaf area, and for M50T15, M75T15 and M50T10 with stem diameter. M100 treatment increased significantly the total oxalate (370.45 mg/ 100g fw) and N content (38.12 g/ kg dw), while T5, T10 and T15 increased significantly vitamin C (38.99, 40.12 and 39.96 mg/100g fw). The nitrogen fertilization reduced significantly P content as compared to the foliar spray extract treatments. No significant differences were observed for K content while Ca and Mg contents increased as nitrogen fertilization was decreased. In conclusion, using the half dose of nitrogen fertilization beside the foliar spray by 10 gL of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract, could achieved an optimal result for spinach.

Keyword: Spinach, Glycyrrhiza glabra extract, Nitrogen fertilization, Morphological characteristics, Biochemical characteristics.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Heba Salhab*⁽¹⁾ , Laeila Abboud ⁽¹⁾, and Wael Ali ⁽¹⁾    

(1). Department of Forestry and Ecology , Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tishreen, Lattakia,Syria

(*Corrsponding author: Heba Salhab. E-Mail: heba.salhab@yahoo.com).

Received: 16/09/2020                                Accepted: 15/10/2020

Abstract

Tree rings are considered as records that preserve the climatic conditions of the year they are formed in. Therefore, they are used to study climate fluctuations from year to another. In order to study the annual growth rings and their response to the climate, samples were taken from three sites in Tartous Governorate with different altitudes above sea level, viz. Amrit, Ain Affan and Nabi Matta Protected Area. Ten dominant trees were selected in each site. Using increment drill two perpendicular samples were taken from each tree at 130 cm height. The samples were treated, and well cross-dated, then the rings width was measured to the nearest 0.01 mm. The tree rings time series were standardized to obtain a final series at each site. Response functions method was used to test the relationship between climate and tree ring-width. Results showed that wide rings were formed in years when precipitation amount was more than average, especially during the winter months, May, June, October and November, and the temperature was lower than its averages, especially in the summer, as in the years 1991-1992, 2001-2002. Contrary conditions encourage the formation of a narrow rings, as seen in years 2006-2007, 2009-2010. The results of response test showed a variation in the effect of climatic elements on tree rings width in brutia pine, according to each site, where relatively precipitation had the greater role is in the lower altitude, while the role of temperature is clearly visible in the higher altitude.

Keyword: Pinus brutia, Tree Rings, Dendroclimatology.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Amena Jarjanazii* ⁽¹⁾ , Sharef Sadik ⁽²⁾  and Yaser Alomar ⁽¹⁾

(1). College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hama, Hama, Syria.

(2).College of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Amena Jarjanazii. E-Mail: Aameenaa1982@gmail.com).

Received: 09/09/2020                                Accepted: 28/10/2020

Abstract

This study was conducted at the laboratories of the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hama in 2019 with the aim of producing vitamin B12 using the Propionibacterium freudenreichii bacterial strain locally isolated from cheese whey fortified with yeast extract WBM under anaerobic fermentation conditions at a temperature of 30 °C for a period of four days. Also, The effect of nitrogen addition to the fermentation medium on the production of vitamin B12 when using locally isolated P. freudenreichii bacteria was studied, where four nitrogen sources (casein – peptone – yeast extract – sodium nitrite) were used. Fermentation was performed in conical flasks (Arlene) with a 500 ml tampon in an anaerobic incubator. Six replicates were performed for each experiment. The HPLC was also used to estimate the amount of vitamin B12 resulting from the fermentation process. The results of the study obtained proved that the best source of nitrogen was yeast extract P≤0.05 as the average total productivity of vitamin B12 when using locally isolated bacterial strains of P. freudenreichii was µg / 100 ml 635.59, as well. Best fresh cell weight was achieved when using yeast extract as a source of nitrogen as 0.285 g / 100 ml.

Keyword: B12,Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Cheese whey, Fermentation.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mohammed Alsharhi * ⁽¹⁾, Abdoul Aziz Zabal⁽²⁾and Noofal I. Bayaqoob⁽³⁾

(1).Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Yemen.

(2). Ministry of Agriculture & Irrigation, Yemen.

(3).Honey bee center, Hadramout University, Yemen.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammed Alsharhi, E.mail,alsharhi@gmail.com).

Received: 23/10/2020                                Accepted: 01/2/2021

Abstract

A pollen analytical study of Yemeni honey provides a basis for identifying the origins of a honey in terms of locality and floral source: The information may be used to develop analytical standards for pollen, contributing to quality control of a product offered for export or for the home market.  Pollen analysis was carried out 68 Yemeni honey samples collected in two years (2016-2017) from Shabwah, Yemen. Pollen grains were extracted from honey samples by centrifugation, and then the process of quantitative and qualitative evaluation of pollen grains was performed under a microscopie counting slide. The results of the study showed that Sidr honey from Shabwah, Yemen is considered a mono floral honey with a high content of Sidr pollen grains, where the percentage of Sidr pollen is 63%, with an average of 48,294 Sidr pollen grains per 10 gm, and 76667 total pollen grains for every 10 g of honey. Secondary pollen associated with Sidr pollen grains can be considered a geographical source of Yemeni Sidr honey produced from Shabwa, Yemen. The results also indicated a negative correlation between the price of honey and the content of honey from Prosopis pollen and the presence of a sugar feeding during the nectar season.

Keyword: Yemeni Sider Honey, Melissopalynology, Botanical origin, Geographical Origin, Shabwah, Yemen

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Maya Al-Abdala^*1, Safwan Abou Assaf  ¹, Afraa Sallowm²  

(1). Socio Economic Directorate, Swaida Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department Of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Maya Al-Abdala . E-Mail: mayaabdala6@gmail.comm).

Received: 16/11/2019                                Accepted: 28/12/2020

Abstract

The research aimed to identify the most important economic factors affecting the production of broiler in As- Swaida under the current production conditions, using a questionnaire targeting broiler farmers in As- Swaida  in 2018 season, through a random sample of 50% of the studied statistical community, where the Cop-Douglas function was adopted to estimate the broiler production function in As- Swaida governorate. أThe results showed that the independent variables that were included in the model explained 96% of the changes in the total broiler production, where the parameters of the actual number of chicks, number of bags and the amount of drinking water were positive, which is consistent with the economic logic. The production elasticities of these variables indicated that each increase of 1% leads to an increase in output of 0.824, 0.163 and 0.169, respectively, while the loss of chicks negatively affected production. أThe return to capacity had shown to be greater than one, which indicated that this return was taking an increasing trend, which indicated that production was still in the first stage of production, and that any increase in the operating rates of some of these factors will lead to a larger relative increase in production. As the economic efficiency was achieved in terms of the number of chicks, where r is greater than one and therefore the addition of the element should be increased because there was an opportunity for additional profits, and unrealized for the elements of the number of sawdust and litter bags and the number of water trailers, because r less than one, and therefore the product should reduce the addition production component.

Keyword: Cobb-Douglas Function, Marginal Product, Elasticity, Economic  Efficiency, Broiler.ms.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Khetam Edress* ⁽¹⁾ and Nissren Edress ⁽¹⁾

(1). Homs Center For Scientific Agricultural Research, General commission For scientific Agricultural   research (GCSAR), Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Khetam Edress. E-Mail: Vera_naya@yahoo.com).

Received: 19/11/2019                                Accepted: 13/1/2020

Abstract

The objective of the research is to study the impact of the Syrian crisis on various aspects related to the social, economic and cultural conditions affecting women’s decision on food processing at home. Primary data were collected using a questionnaire for rural married women in agricultural families affected by the crisis in Homs Governorate during 2017. The sample size was (150). The research employed descriptive analysis, Chi Square, Gamma and Kramer coefficient to study the correlation relationships. In addition, ordinal regression was used to determine the most important variables affecting the decision of women on food processing. An index, of the role of women in improving household income through domestic agriculture and local traditional industries, was built using literature review and previous relevant studies. The results showed that (34%) of women have a low role and (30%) have an average role while (36%) have a high role in improving the income of their families,   as  showed significant positive relations between women`s motivation for work and cultural openness, the extent to which women own land and animals, the number of females aged 14 within the family and the role of women in improving the household income. This relationship was negative with standard of living of these families. It was concluded that women`s work had a good impact on empowerment of rural women and activating their economic and social role.  In addition, it increased household income improving the standard of living.

Keyword: Rural woman, Empowerment, domestic food processing, ordinal regression.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Basma Alatrach*⁽¹⁾   Iskandar Ismail ⁽²⁾

(1).Pome and Grapevine Division, Agriculture Scientific Research Center in Sweida, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR,Sweida, Syria.

(2). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Eng. Basma Alatrach. E-Mail: Basma.alatrach@gmail.com).

Received: 31/10/2020                                Accepted: 18/01/2021

Abstract

This research aimed to study the reality of grape cultivation and production in the Sweida Governorate, through the economic analysis of the costs and revenues of grapes to estimate some of the most important financial indicators. Through a questionnaire distributed to 68 grape growers in the main villages during 2018 season. The results revealed that a dunum of planted grapes cost 65871.40 SP, as the plowing and control operations occupied 15.01% and 14.20%, respectively, of the production costs. The Revenues reached 70745.49 SP, that is, it covers all production costs and achieves a net profit of 4874.09 SP. The economic efficiency index also reached 1.07. The area planted with grapes in Sweida insignificant increase by 2.77%, and then significantly decreased at the level of 5% by 55,66 hectares, to increase again, While production insignificant decreased by 4181,58 tons, then significant increased at the level of 5% by 0.83%. The most prominent problem facing grape farmers was the high prices of pesticides, as 85.30% of them suffered from them, while 66.18% of them faced the problem of a shortage of fuel distributed.

Keyword: Grapes, Production costs, Economic efficiency, Sweida .

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Alaa Khallouf*¹, Abd ElMuhsen Meri², Samiha Mahmoud³, Amira Khazal³, Dima Al-Sied³

• Administration of Natural Resources Research- General Commission for scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR). Damascus, Syria.
• Administration of horticulture Research- General Commission for scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria..
• Homs Research Center- General Commission for scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Homs, Syria.

(* corresponding author:  A. Khallouf E-mail:  alaakhallouf@gmail.com)

Received: 15/08/2020        Accepted: 14/9 /2020

Abstract

The research was carried out in plots at Natural Resources Research Department- Homs Research Center- General commission for Agricultural Scientific Research, during the 2017/2018 season. It aimed to study some phenological and morphological characteristics and the nitrogen fixation efficiency of some pea genotypes under Homs Governorate conditions. 20 genotypes were used in addition to two local introduced varieties as control C1 and C2. The amount of nitrogen fixation was determined using the N-difference method. The study demonstrated that A14 and A12 genotypes were the earliest to complete germination (16.8-17.5 days) respectively, while the genotypes A15 and A17 were the earliest to reach maximum flowering (63.3- 63.9 days) respectively. The experiment also showed that the genotype A14 had the most effective bacterial nodes number with (24.3 nodes/ plant) with significantly differences from the genotype A5. As for the efficiency of genotypes in nitrogen fixation, the study showed that the genotype A5 was the most efficient in fixing atmospheric nitrogen at a rate of (81.68 Kg N/ha), followed by A14 genotype (71.46 Kg N/ha) and the rest of the genotypes. Therefore, both genotypes A5 and A14 may be included in genetic improvement programs to obtain high-efficiency of atmospheric nitrogen fixation and thus reduce the use of chemical fertilizers.

Keywords: Phenological and morphological traits, Atmospheric nitrogen fixation, Effective bacterial nodes, Pea.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF