Qasim Al-Faraj^(1)*

• Department of Soil and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Agriculture, Al Furat University, Deir al- Ezzor,Syria .

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Qasim al-faraj E-Mail: d.kahsmfaraj@gmail.com).

Received: 28/04/2020                                Accepted: 8/07/2020

Abstract

A pots experiment, carried out in (summer 2019) at the Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Euphrates to study the effect of limestone soil on the decomposition of sulfur and its availability in relation to various additives of agricultural sulfur 100 mg / kg soil 300 mg / kg soil – 400 mg / kg of soil and add organic matter Calculated based on (1.5% of organic carbon), the experiment was performed as universal within a completely randomized design, with three replicates, for a duration of / 30 days. The amount of carbon dioxide released was measured over 30 days, and over three periods. The study showed the negative effect of calcium carbonate on the emission of carbon dioxide in the soil that contains a high percentage of calcium carbonate (23.2%) and reached (258.5 mg CO2 100 / g of soil / day). It was also found that sulfur did not show a positive effect on the decomposition of the organic matter in the soil of the experiment, but it was the largest role in the production of carbon dioxide for the organic matter. There were no statistically significant differences between carbon additives in their effect on the decomposition of organic matter. Instead, the effect of sulfur was reflected on some chemical properties, such as the pH of the soil reaction, as there was a significant effect of agricultural sulfur levels with organic matter on reducing the pH by 10.9%, as well as on the degree of electrical conductivity in addition to increasing the sulfur concentration (available) In the soil

Key words: Calcareous soil – Organic matter – Agricultural sulfur – Available sulfur

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Ghassan Naaseh ^(1)*, Fadwa Kilo ⁽²⁾ and Saleh Kbali ⁽³⁾

(1) Directorate of Crops, Agricultural Research Center in Latakia, Latakia, Syria.

(2) Directorate of Agriculture in Latakia Latakia, Syria.

(3) Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ghasan naaseh.E-Mail: naaseh8@gmail.com).

Received: 10/08/2020                                Accepted: 15/09/2020

Abstract  

The research was carried out at the Center for Agricultural Scientific Research in Latakia during the 2016 and 2017 seasons; the plant material included 23 genotypes of sesame in the fourth generation. in order to study the differen characteristics of the studied genotypest to elect the best and adopt them later as new varieties select or to introduce them into breeding programs. The results of the research showed that there were significant differences between the sesame genotypes, the genotypes (17) significant superior to the average height of the plant (172.5 cm) over the rest of the genotypes, as well as the number of branches/plant (4.22 branches/plant), as well as the genotypes 17 recorded highest value for the number of capsules (163.6 capsules) and capsule length (4.33 cm) and capsule yields (8843 kg/h). the genotypes 2 recorded the highest weight (4.99 g), while the 19th genotypes was characterized by the highest seed yield (2791.58 kg/h), followed by genotypes 17 (2663.16 kg/h (20-6-15-12-7-13) also excelled. The net yield ratio was (70.8%) for the genotypes (14) whichsigfnificantly outperformed the rest of the genotypes. The genotype (16) also recorded the highest protein percentage (30.08%), and the two genotypes 9 and 6 outperformed in oil percentages (55.75, 55.22%).compared to the rest of the genotypes. A positive significant correlation has bee found between seed yields, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of capsules, capsule length, capsule yield, and net yield ratio, so it can be done yield selection through its aforementioned components. A positive significant correlation was also observed between oil percentage, and protein the number of branches, yield of capsules, length of capsule, and number of capsules, while a negative correlation was found between oil percentage and net yield ratio. The selection for number of capsules increases seed yields so it is considered the best way to increase oil percentage.

Keywords: seed yields, sesame genotypes, high plant, oil percentage, Quality traits.

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Hussam Khalasi⁽¹⁾and Mohamed Abd elaziz ⁽¹⁾   Lubna Barhom^*(1)

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University,

Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. lubna barhom. E-Mail:

lubna barhom@gmail.com)

Received: 7/03/2020                                  Accepted: 19/07/2020

Abstract

The research was carried out during the agricultural season (2019-2018) in a field within the Dreikish area in Tartous Governorate, to evaluate the performance of some strains of soft wheat: ACSAD 1256, Doma 58847, Doma 58585, Doma 64453, ACSADA 1149, and two certified varieties Doma4, Doma2 under stress drought based on some morpho (plant height and spike length)-physiological(leaf flat and chlorophyll leaf content) in stage 45Z (15 days before flowering) and the proline leaf content in stage 70Z ( 15 days before maturity) traits, which are genetically associated with increased grain yield and improved drought tolerance in stage the70Z). The cultivation took place in a pot, and the experiment was designed using Completely Randomized Designe CRD, with three replications.Drought stress negatively affected the studied indicators, as the content of chlorophyll in leaves decreased, the leaf surface area, plant height, spike length and number of grains per spike, while the leaf content of proline  increased in stressful conditions compared to the control. The genotypes studied varied in their response to stress, as the strain DOMA 64453achieved the lowest rates of decline in the leaf content of chlorophyll, plant height and weight of 1000s, while the variety Doma 2 achieved the lowest rates in the decline of the area of the leaf surface, while the strain showed 1256 the highest decline rates in height The plant and the weight of 1000s, although they achieved the lowest rate of decline in the average number of grains per spike. In general, the strain 1256 showed the best traits under the conditions of the control, but the average weight of  1000s decrease in stressful conditions with a high rate there was a significant      decrease in the average values of the studied indicators for all genotypes in stress treatment compared to the control, which came as follows: (-22.87)% for the leaf content of chlorophyll and (-27.90)% in the average values for the leaf surface, and (- 14.39)% for the mean the number of grain  per spike s values, and (-10.29%) of the average plant height values, compared to a significant increase in the leaf content of proline (+ 29.67)%. Also, significant differences were observed in the weight of 1000s (-3.33)%, and  spike height (+0.27).     Research recommends     Re-study the ACSAD 1256 strain to see its reactions to dehydration in all stages of development. And the continuation of the study on strain DOMA 64453, which achieved the lowest rate of decline in the weight of a thousand tablets under field conditions because it is one of the promising strains as tolerant to drought                                                                                       

Key words:  wheat, drought stress, morphophysiology and productivity traits.       

Full paper in Arabic: PDF                                  

Nasser Ibrahem. ^{(1) (2)*}, Mohamud Abd-Alaziz  ⁽³⁾ and Yahua Mohamad⁽³⁾

• General Organization of Remote Sensing, Damascus, Syria.
• Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University,

Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Nasser Ibrahem E-Mail: nibrahem345@gmail.com)

Received: 4/07/2020                                  Accepted: 17/08/2020

Abstract

This research is based on the use of remote sensing through spectroradiometric devices in studying the spectral signature (within the wavelength range 350-2500 nanometers at every 1 nm) of the coriander plants that treated with different concentrations of bread yeast (0, 2, 4 and 6%) during three sprinkle times (42, 56 and 71 day from planting of season 2019) in Al-Safsafah region of Tartous. Then the productivity was estimated at any growth stage depending on spectral mathematical models derived from the spectral reflectance values ​​that recorded during the growth stages. The spectral models were tested among them for the yield estimate. The results showed that the spectral reflectance values ​​of the plants sprayed with yeast at the concentration of 6% were the highest in the near and far infrared range (700-1300 nm) and in the green range (475 -510 nm), while reflectance in the red range (670 nm) is the lowest. Then, the spectral reflectance values ​​of the plants treated with the lower concentrations decreased from 4% to 2% and then the control in the near and far infrared ranges and the visible green, while the reflectance in the red range increased starting from the control to the highest spray concentration (6%). The increment in the number of spray had maintained the curve of spectral reflectance values that ​​recorded within each concentration for longer period, but with the low reflectance rate within each spectral range, with the age of the crop. So, the increase of the number of times during growth stages led to vigor extension of plant tissues and therefor more yield. The spectral models of one or/and multi-stages had been developed and tested for yield prediction. The best model was  the spectral difference index (NR) model depending on multi-stages values of (NR) associated with 42, 56 and 71 days after sowing. The spectral mathematical modeling process of multivariate stages showed the changes resulting from the interaction of the agricultural conditions with the climate factors experienced by the plant during the growth stages on the productivity, so the results suggested to use the spectral multi-stages data of remote sensing in yield predicting models.

Keywords: Spectral modeling, Spectral difference index, Bread yeast, Coriander, Productivity.

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Irfan Aswad Al-Hamd^(1)* and Abdul Razzaq Jarbu ⁽²⁾

(1) Department of Soil and Land Reclamation – Faculty of Agriculture at Deir Ezzor – AlFurat University, Deir al- Ezzor,Syria .

(2) Department of Soil and Land Reclamation – Faculty of Agriculture at al-Hasaka – Al-Furat University, Al-Hasaka, Syria .

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Irfan Aswad Al-Hamd E-Mail: orfan.alhmad@gmail.com)

Received: 29/05/2020                                Accepted: 5/07/2020

Abstract:

To investigate the effect of irrigation water quality and nitrogen fertilization levels (0, 80, 160, 240) kg N / ha (urea, N, 46%) on soil salinity, and the concentration of some cations and anions in the saturated pulp extract. A pot experiment was carried out using heavy soil and put (5 kg soil / pot , 80 kg P2O5 / ha (calcium triphosphate (P2O5, 46%) and 80 kg K2O / ha (K2O, 50%) potassium) (RCBD) was used with three replicates  (10) seeds were planted and thinned to (5) wheat plants in each pot after germination. The hight tge wheat plant and the dry weight productivity of the wheat pgant (CV . Sham-6) : Increasing the degree of electrical conductivity by increasing the salinity of irrigation water, and the concentration of sodium, chlorine and bicarbonate in the soil, while there was a decrease in the degree of soil reaction. The addition of nitrogen fertilizers reduced the degree of electrical conductivity, the degree of soil interaction and the concentration of chlorine and bicarbonates, while significantly increasing the concentration of sodium in the soil. The interference also led to a significant decrease in the concentrations of chlorine and bicarbonate. Decreasing the plant height and the productivity of the dry matter in the treatment of saline water irrigation, and the characteristic of the plant height increased by increasing the level of nitrogen fertilization, and the highest plant height and productivity of the dry matter in the treatment of interference (WfN3) were achieved. The lowest plant height and dry matter yield in an interference treatment (WdN0).

Key words: irrigation water quality, nitrogen fertilizer, dry matter productivity

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Urwah Suleiman ^(1)* , Nidal Darwich⁽¹⁾, Zuheir Shatter⁽²⁾ and Ghaydaa Barakat⁽³⁾

• Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia ,Syria.
• Department of Agricultural Ecology and Forestry, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.
• Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Directorate of Agriculture of Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Urwah Suleiman E-mail: sulaimanorwa@gmail.com).

Received: 8/07/2020                                  Accepted: 17/08/2020

Abstract

The research aimed to study the costs of forest afforestation projects in some forest areas affected by fires in Lattakia Governorate. So, the study of the afforestation was carried out at the Ras Al-Basit fire site (Al-Dafla – Al-Issawiya), which occurred on 2/9/2003. Social study is available in many forest fire areas in Lattakia. An analytical descriptive approach was adopted in the study of fire-affected forests and field survey method. A statistical analysis program (19) SPSS was used to calculate studied correlations, quai-square test, conjugation coefficient (PHI), T-test for independent samples, ANOVA bidirectional contrast analysis test, and indicator systems for economic purpose-appropriate. The results indicated that the cost of completing all the forestry works for the studied forest afforestation project (the basic initial costs) amounted to 685180 SP / ha. As for the capital interest, it amounted to about 84092.1 SP / H. It was found that the population type has nothing to do with the logging process because the values ​​of the coupling coefficient value (PHI 0.508, at the significance level (Sig) 0.0001, they have an effect of the level of education on the performance of logging.

Key words: forests – afforestation – primary costs – fires- lattakia.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Hassan Muhammad Taleb *⁽¹⁾

• Animal Production Department-Agricultural Technical Institute- Damascus University.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Hassan Taleb E-Mail enghassan12345@gmail.com)

Received: 8/10/2020                                 Accepted: 4/11/2020

Abstract

The research was took place on 270 chicks of Japanese quails in (Nour) poultry in Jerroud city in the period that extend between 21\8\2020 and 2\10\2020. Birds were distributed randomly at the beginning of the experiment to 9 groups at a rate of 30 chicks for each group and each group distributed to tow repeats, and each repeat have 15 chicks. With age of one day. All conditions of shelter and care were the same for all groups during the care period, which lasted from the age of one day to 6 weeks. But feeding of the birds in the different groups were different as follows: It included nine feed mixtures, each one differing from the other in protein content and the level of addition of acetic acid (3 x 3). The first factor: the effect of the level of crude protein in mixtures, as it decreased and increased by 10% than it was in (NRC1994). The second factor: the effect of the level of acetic acid in the mixtures, as they were added in the following proportions (0.0, 0.1 and 0.2%).The search is (3 × 3). The results of the research showed the following: Using high level of both of crude protein and acetic acid, and the overlapping by them in the mixtures leads to significant superiority with: average live weight index, average food conversion factor index and production number. As it gave the best performance and the highest economic returning

Key words: Japanese quails, Acetic Acid, Food Conversion Factor, level protein.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Anass Ahmed Al-Muhaimid⁽¹⁾, Kamel Fattal^(2)*, Yahiya Al-Jubaili ⁽¹⁾, and  Mahmud Marwan Alsbbia⁽¹⁾

• Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.
• General Commission of Scientific Agricultural Research, Aleppo,Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Dr. Kamel Fattal. E-Mail: kamel1960@gmail.com)

Received: 3/05/2020                                  Accepted: 5/07/2020

Abstract

This study was conducted at Shatha Research Station, north of Sahel Al-Ghab, Affiliated to Hama Governorate, Syria, on/77/acting buffaloes, during the year2018/2019.The data were subjected to the General Linear Model, and a variance Analysis was used to study the effect of both the birth season and the level of milk production in some of its components, using SPSS24. The average percentage of fat, protein, lactose, solids-not-fat (SNF), density and ash were 7.13,3.40,4.61,8.68,27.01and 0.76%, respectively. The results showed that there was a highly signify cant effect of birth season on the percentage of fat, protein and lactose, while the Percentage of total solids, density and ash was not affected. The relationship was Negative and highly significant between the percentage of fat and the level of milk production. The percentage of protein and (SNF) was significantly affected in the amount of milk produced, while the percentage of lactose, density and ash were not affected by the amount of milk produced. It was noted that the protein and lactose content matched the level of milk produced unlike fat and (SNF). The correlation between birth season and milk lipid content was positive and highly significant, negative and significant with protein percentage, negative and unimportant with lactose percentage, positive and non-significant with both solid, density and ash solids. We recommend that it is necessary to: Calculate the educational value of males and arrange them according to preference with regard to the production of milk quantity, and calculate the educational value of males and arrange them according to preference with regard to milk components.

Key words: buffalo, birth season, milk compounds, fat, protein.

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Mustafa Haj Hmaidi*(1) and Mohammad Naser Al-Murai (2)
(1). Department of Economic, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.
(2). Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: dr. Mustafa Haj Hmaidi E-Mail: mhh4m@yahoo.com).
Received: 13/05/2020 Accepted: 03/06/2020
Abstract
This research was conducted to study the economics of bee keeping projects in Hama governorate during the year of 2018 by using descriptive analysis and financial feasibility. Data was collected form the studied area through questionnaire from a sample of (125 beekeepers). Some descriptive analysis tools were used in this study to determine the values of the most important indicators. The study also used discounted measures in order to make suggestive financial analysis to establish project for bee breeding containing 30 cells. The total cost of bee keeping in the studied area was 30082 SYP. The total revenue was 62350 SYP/per cell/year. Gross margin and farm net-income was 50942 and 37102 SYP/per cell/year, respectively. On the other hand, the economic efficiency and production efficiency reached 2.07 and 5.47, respectively. In addition, economic profitability factor reached 107.27% and commercial profitability factor was 446.55%. It is financially feasible to establish bee-keeping projects in Hama governorate since net present value reached 97904 SYP/per cell. Return-to-cost ratio was 1.32 and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) was 35.83%. Payback period was 2.79 year during project`s life cycle, which was estimated at 15 years. Beekeeping is considered profitable project. It is suggested to give it support in all other Syrian governorates.
Key words: Bee keeping, Financial analysis, Feasibility study, Internal Rate of Return IRR, Return-to-cost ratio, Payback period, Hama governorate.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ibtesam Jasem (1)* and Mohamad Anan (2)
(1) General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.
(2) Department of Mathematical Statistics, faculty of science, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ibtesam Jasem E-mail: e_sam_0 @hotmail.com).
Received: 16/05/2020 Accepted: 31/05/2020
Abstract
Forecasting economic variables in order to plan and formulate production policies and food security is one of the most important objectives of quantitative economic studies. Multiple methods may be used for the purpose of obtaining economic forecasts. In this study ARIMA models were used that combine the method of Autoregressive and Integrated Moving Averages of time series with PCA technique in order to forecast the production of citrus fruits and its plantation area in Syria. We opted for the ARIMA models as they are known for a high accuracy regarding analysis of time series. In this article, annual data for production and plantation area in Syria for the period) 1970-2018 (is being used. Further to statistical tests, ARIMA (5,2,0) turned out to be the best model for forecasting citrus production until 2021. Accuracy values for production were 85.3% in case of oranges and 88.3% in case of lemons. This excelled (substantially) accuracy of conventional models we determined. The best model for forecasting the plantation area was ARIMA (1,1,0). Accuracy was 92.7% in case of orange plantation area and 94.2% in case of lemon plantation area. Here too we determined that ARIMA modeling excelled (substantially) accuracy of conventional models.
Keywords: Orange, Lemon, PCA, Forecasting, Box-Jenkines.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF