Usraa Tariq Bakr ⁽¹⁾, Abbas Abd Ahmed Al-Tamimi ^(2)*, Omar Ahmed and Hamad Al-Jubouri ⁽³⁾

(1). College of Agriculture, University of Tikrit, Iraq.

(2). College of Agriculture, Diyala University, Iraq

(3). College of Agriculture / Hawija – University of Kirkuk – Iraq.

(*Corresponding author Abbas Abd Ahmed. E-mail: Altimimiabab8@gmail.com).

Received: 25/12/2022         Accepted: 26/03/2023

Abstract: 

  In this research, indicators of achieving sustainable agricultural development it studied in Diyala Governorate – Iraq, by analyzing agricultural production indicators related to some of the goals of sustainable development. A simple regression analysis it also conducted for GDP as a dependent factor, and agricultural and industrial GDP as independent factors. In addition to studying the indicators of agricultural production related to the quantities of production of basic crops, and their per capita share. The rate of use of modern technologies in the agricultural sector and the efficiency of natural resource management. In addition to studying the number of workers in the agricultural sector by gender and qualification, the study found a set of evidence that indicated the lack of efficiency in achieving the goals of agricultural development targeted by the study. As the use of agricultural machinery did not cover the agricultural areas as planned, in addition to the inefficiency in the use of the irrigation water resource and the agricultural lands it not optimally utilized. The study recommended the necessity of increasing the level of technology in agricultural production and regulating the use of the irrigation water resource with modern irrigation techniques. It also recommended improving the efficiency of environmental management by increasing green areas and increasing the areas planted with necessary crops.

Keywords: Agricultural Development, Environmental Management, Economic Growth, Diyala Governorate.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Maher Shaheen* ^(1)*,  Kenda Deeb ⁽²⁾ and Fayez Al- Moqdad ⁽³⁾

(1). Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Business Management, Faculty of Economics, Tishreen University, Syria.

(3). Socio-Economic Research, GCSAR, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Maher Shaheen. E-Mail: maher.shaheen@yahoo.com).

Received: 26/07/2022         Accepted: 27/03/2022

<Abstract: 

The present study was conducted on the teams working in the directorates, independent departments, and centers within the general commission of scientific agricultural research during 2019-2021. The study aimed at determining the effect of diversity and size variables on team cohesiveness. Two indicators of diversity were used (diversity in age and diversity in the educational level). Two concepts of team size were also used (team absolute size and team relative size). The diversity variable was measured based on Blau (1977) indicator, while the other variables (absolute team, relative team, and cohesiveness) were measured depending on data collected using a questionnaire designed for this purpose.  The questionnaire was distributed to the study sample which consists of 203 teams chosen from the study community which consists of 427 teams by using Stephan Thampson’s equation. The selected sample is made up of 1262 members, that is, the number of distributed questionnaires were 1262. The data was analyzed using SPSS 24. The study arrived at the following conclusions: there is a significant effect of diversity in age and educational level on team cohesiveness. With regards to the size variable, the study showed that there is no significant effect of absolute team size on its cohesiveness, while there is a significant effect of relative size on its cohesiveness.

Keywords: work team, team diversity, relative size, absolute size, team cohesiveness.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Nadhim Mohamad Jawad Ali⁽¹⁾, Waleed  Youssef  Kassem, ^(2)*and Amad Falah Hassan⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.

(2). Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Waleed Kassin, email: waleed.yosief@uobasrah.edu.iq)

Received: 10/03/2023         Accepted: 29/03/2023

Abstract: 

This study has been carried out in the animal field of the College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, for the period 1/12/2020 to 1/3/2021. Twenty-four male lambs of Arabi breed  were randomly distributed to six treatments (4 lambs for each treatment), to investigate the effect of two type of diet (pellet and crushed) with the level of malic acid and the on some production traits such as live weights, total and daily weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and some of carcass characteristics such as hot carcass, dressing percentage, major cuts (neck, shoulder, rib, loin, leg and fat-tail) as well as carcass waste organs. The treatments were as follows: (T1) crushed condensed diet without the addition of malic acid (0). (T2) crushed condensed diet with the addition of malic acid as 4 g/kg feed. (T3) crushed condensed diet with added malic acid as 8 g/kg feed. (T4) without adding malicious acid (0). (T5) pellet feed with added malic acid as a 4 g/kg feed. (T6) pellet feed with added malic acid for 8 g/kg feed. The results indicated the pellet diet and  the level of 4g of malic acid/kg of feed treatments were a significant increase (P<0.05) in the live body weights, total and daily gain weight, dressing percentage, feed efficiency, hot carcass weight and some weights of cuts compared to crushed diet and of 0g of malic acid/kg of feed treatments.

Keywords: Malic acid, Carcass characteristics, Male Arabi lambs, Pellet and crushed diets.

Full paper in English:  pdf

Yana Soliman^(1)*, Adib Saad⁽¹⁾  and Vienna Hmmoud ⁽²⁾

(1). Marine Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Tartus University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: En. Yana soliman. Email:yanaa.soliman.89@gmail.com)

Received: 23/05/2022                   Accepted: 27/07/2022

Abstract: 

This study deals with the determination of heavy metals Copper (Cu) , Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in the muscles, liver and gonads of economic fish species Mullus barbatus (Mullidae),which were collected from three sites in the Syrian Coast vary in the level of contamination, during August 2019 to May 2020. The results showed that the muscles had the lower metal concentrations of Copper, Lead and Cadmium with an average of (0.553 – 0.056-0.014 µg/g wet weight) respectively, compared with the liver and gonads with an average of (8.681-0.23- 0.139 µg/g wet weight) (0.825-0.115-0.06) respectively. Changes in the concentrations of metals (copper, Lead and Cadmium) were observed due to the sampling areas. None of the values in the muscles exceeded the permissible extents, hence would not couse any hazard to health consumers.

Keywords: Mullus barbatus, Copper, Lead, Cadmium, polution , Syrian Coast. 

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory^(1)* ,  Elsagheer, M.A. ⁽²⁾  H.Q. Baqer ⁽³⁾ , Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi⁽⁴⁾ , Israa L. Al-jeryan⁽¹⁾ and Fadhil Al-Khfaji⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of animal production, agriculture college, Al-Qasim green university, Babylon, Iraq.

(2). Animal production department. Faculty of agriculture. Al-Azhar University, Assiut . Egypt

(3). Kerbala University, College of Agriculture, Kerbala province, Iraq

(4). Department of Environmental – College of Environmental Sciences- Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq

(*Corresponding author, Dr. Hashim Al-Jebory- Email: hashimhadi@agre.uoqasim.edu.iq)

Received:  7/01/2023                    Accepted: 27/02/2023

Abstract: 

This study included two consecutive experiments, the first experiment was conducted in the hatchery of Al-Anwar company in Babylon province for the period from 30/7/2017 to 19/8/2017 in order to investigate the effect of injecting hatching eggs to broiler breeder with different levels of nano-silver, and then examining its subsequent effect on histology traits of the hatched chicks exposed to heat stress, as the experimental treatments were the treatment T1 without injection as a negative control, and the treatment T2 was an injection of 0.3 ml of Nacl solution as a positive control, and the treatments T3, T4, T5 and T6 were injections of hatching eggs with 12,14,16, and 18 ppm of a nano-silver solution, respectively. The hatched chicks from the above treatments were reared in the poultry farm of the Department of Animal Production at the College of Agriculture / Al-Qasim Green University for the period from 8/19/2017 to 9/22/2017, and were exposed to a periodic temperature. (28-32-28 m ⸰) and the results showed A high significant (P≤0.01) of T6 was detected in the length of the villi in the jejunum period and the treatments were higher T3, T4, in width of villi while all the injection treatment significantly higher in the depth crypts compared with treatment control.

Keyword: broiler, nano-silver, injection, histology.  

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Abdl nasser omer⁽¹⁾ and Yacine Almohsen^{(2) *}

(1). Hama Research centre, Hama, Syria.

(2). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hamam, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author: Dr. Yacine Almohsen. Email: yaseen.m@hama-univ.edu.sy) 

Received:  17/03/2022                  Accepted: 26/07/2022

Abstract: 

The Study was conducted on 18 Shami goat female heads in the period of late pregnancy at Hama Centre for Agriculture Scientific research during 2021. The study population was divided after birth according to birth model (single, binary, or triple) into 3 groups ( First group is single, second group is binary, and third group is triple ). All population was subjected to the same breeding and feeding pattern that provide all requirement with the addition of dry Sugar beet. Total number of twins and values of BCS were recorded before and 2 weeks after birth. Blood samples were collected before and 2 weeks after birth and immediately after it ,and tested directly after that to determine glucose and total protein, albumin, cholesterol, tri-fat, and butyrate’s of butyric acid (BHB) in plasma at laboratories of faculty of vet –medicine of Hama University. The Concentrations were compared in all stages. The relationship between the birth model and biochemical parameters, and BCS values before and 2 weeks after birth was studied. The proportion of single births was 9%, twins 76%, and triplets18%. The glucose Concentration did not show any significant difference in all groups and the inverse correlation was weak before and after 2 weeks of birth for the twin type, and directly proportional and weak immediately after birth. BHB concentration increased significantly (p≤0.05) in the second and third group immediately after birth and 2 weeks after birth, the correlation was inverse and weak two weeks before birth, and directly proportional and weak immediately after birth and 2 weeks after it. Cholesterol concentration increased significantly in second and third groups immediately after birth and 2 weeks after birth, and its correlation was positive and weak for twin number before 2 weeks of prenatal stage and after it (p≤0.01) A weak direct correlation to its concentration 2 weeks before birth and immediately after birth, and weak inverse correlation 2 weeks after birth.  While total protein increased significantly in third group immediately after birth (p≤0.05) and 2 weeks after birth for all groups (p≤0.01). Weak proportional correlation of protein concentration 2 weeks before birth and immediately after it, and weak inverse 2 weeks after birth. In addition, concentration decreased immediately after birth (p≤0.01), and 2 weeks after birth (p≤0.05), and in third group immediately after birth and 2 weeks after it (p≤0.05). Whereas Albumins concentration significantly decreased (p≤0.001) immediately after birth, and 2 weeks after birth in second and third group (p≤0.05), and it was recorded a weak proportional correlation immediately after birth. Weak inverse correlation before birth and 2 weeks after it. tri-fat concentration decreased in both second and third group immediately after birth (p≤0.01) and 2 weeks after it. Correlation was weak inverse .the value of BCS decreased significantly (p≤0.05) for all studied groups in pre- birth stage, and 2 weeks after it with a week inverse correlation for birth model in pre-birth stage and 2 weeks after it. To conclude that the number of twins had significant impact on each of BCS values and glucose, total protein, Albumins, BHB, and tri-fat concentration in perinatal period, this requires providing feeding and health care, and benefitting from the assessment of studied indicators as a guide to the health and feeding conditions of Female Shami goats in the late pregnancy stage. 

Keyword: Pregnancy toxemia, Body Condition Score (BCS), Twins, Shami goats.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Raeda Salah ^{(1) *},  Mohamad Hassan⁽¹⁾, Ali Sultaneh⁽²⁾, Ghiass Abbas⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(3). Department of Food technology, Faculty of technical Engineering, Tartous university, Tartous-Syria.

(*Corresponding author: En. Raeda H. Salah. Email:Selenamah20614@gmail.com)

Received:  28/04/2022                  Accepted: 19/07/2022

Abstract: 

The study focused on the current research on determining the concentrations of some heavy metal elements (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) in the fleshy tissue of Mugil cephalus fish species, on the Syrian coast of Tartous Governorate, as fish samples were collected for two whole years from March 2019 to February  2021, and from three areas on the shore of Banias city: the estuary area of ​​the Jobar River, the estuary area of ​​the Baniyas River, and Al-Basiya Beach. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) technology was used by wet digestion method (Wet-Digestion-Method) for fish samples, where the concentrations of the two elements (Zn, Cu) were detected using flame-AAS technology, while the trace elements (Cd and Pb) were detected by electrothermal ablation technology (ETA-AAS) because its concentrations are below the detection threshold by the flame method. The results of the study showed a higher concentration of heavy metals in the muscles of  Mugil cephalus in the estuary area of ​​the Jobar River than in the other two sites, followed by the Banias River estuary area, and then the Basiya area, where the average rates of the concentrations of these elements in all studied sites during the study period ranged between (8.803-13.095 µg/g wet weight) for zinc with the highest concentration, followed by copper with average concentrations ranging between (0.587-0.814 µg/g wet weight), then lead (0.020-0.028 µg/g wet weight), while lead was (0.020-0.028 µg/g wet weight).  Cadmium has the lowest concentration (0.025-0.014 µg/g wet weight), but all of these concentrations were within the limits permitted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the World, and therefore they do not pose a threat to human health as the final consumer.

Key words: Metallic elements, Syrian marine waters, Mugil cephalus, bioaccumulation .

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Bilal Natiq Abdul-Wahhab⁽¹⁾, Basim Aboud Abbas^{( 2)*} and Ammar Talib Dhiab Al-Tememy⁽²⁾

(1). General Company for Agricultural Supplies, Ministry of Agriculture, Iraq.

(2). Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, Iraq.

 (*Corresponding author: Dr. Basim Aboud Abbas, bsmmuhandis@yahoo.com)

Received: 18/08/2022                      Accepted: 16/01/2023

Abstract: 

The experiment aims to monitor changes in the environmental conditions inside the poultry house, a comparison between the times, the locations inside of the hall. Use 405 broiler chicken Rose-308. The results showed a significant effect among the measurement time, day and night, as it gave the highest temperature and lowest relative humidity during the day in comparison with the night, however no significant effect was recorded on dew point and carbon dioxide. The locations of the hall, the front of the hall outperformed in comparison with the middle and the end of the hall with in terms of the lowest temperature, highest relative humidity, dew point and lowest carbon dioxide level. The temperature during the day was higher than it was at night, and the relative humidity was the highest at the front of the hall at night and the lowest at the end of the hall during the day, and the dew point was the highest at the front of the hall during the day and the lowest at the end of the hall at night. As for carbon dioxide, it was not significantly affected by the interaction between the measurement time and location. Where the highest temperature was recorded at 28.44° C with time during the day and the location at the end of the hall, and the lowest relative humidity was 49.184% during the day in the center of the hall, with the dew point and carbon dioxide not being affected significantly. The evening hall’s starting locations outperformed with the lowest temperature of 26.169 °C, the highest relative humidity of 50.57%, and the dew point of 25.34 °C, while no significant effect was recorded for the site and time together on the level of carbon dioxide. There was no effect of the site on the live body weight, while it was found that there was a significant effect of the site in the fifth week in the average weekly weight gain, the first week of the feed intake and feed conversion ratio, as well as a significant effect of the site in the mortility ratio.                                                                             Keywords:  broiler, poultry houses, poultry environment, environmental factors, dew point.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Yanal Al-Kuddsi^(1)*, Shahinaz Abbas⁽¹⁾, Alaa Al-Shaal⁽¹⁾, Rihab Al-Mousa⁽¹⁾, Tony Saloom⁽¹⁾, Khouzama Kountar⁽¹⁾ and Nabila Ali Basha⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Biotechnology, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Yanal Al-Kuddsi. E-mail: y.alkuddsi@gmail.com)

Received: 21/06/2021             Accepted:13/08/2022

Abstract: 

A Collection of 11 Syrian barley varieties (Fourat1, Fourat2, Fourat3, Fourat4, Fourat5, Fourat6, Fourat7, Fourat9, Arabi Abiad, Arabi Aswad, Arabi Abiad Mouhassan) were studied during the period of 2019-2021, and the genetic diversity among them was determined using ISSR technique. 12 primers were used, all of which gave amplification products in PCR polymerase chain reaction. These primers proved their discriminative power and gave a total of (120) bands with an average of (10) bands/ primer, of which 90 bands were polymorphic, and the PIC values ranged between (0.08 – 0.32) with an overall average of (0.25). Results showed that there is a significant genetic diversity among the studied varieties, as the UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetical averages) clustering based on ISSR data grouped the 11 varieties into two main clusters, and the highest degree of genetic diversity was between Fourat1 and Fourat6.

Key words: ISSR (Inter Simple Sequences Repeat), Genetic diversity, Syrian barely varieties.

Full paper in English: pdf

ISSR Markers

Rehab Al-Mousa* ⁽¹⁾, Alaa Alshaal ⁽¹⁾, Shahinaz Abbas ⁽¹⁾, Nabila Ali Bacha ⁽¹⁾, Yanal Al-Kudssi ⁽¹⁾, Khozama Kountar ⁽¹⁾ and Tony Saloom⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Biotechnology, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Rehab Al-Mousa, e-mail: bebo_moussa@yahoo.com, )

Received: 27/02/2022         Accepted: 26/07/2022

Abstract: 

The present research was conducted to detect the genetic relationship among twelve lentil lines introduced from ICARDA and two local varieties. Eighteen Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) primers successfully amplified 167 bands in all genotypes with the average of 9.27 bands/primer. The mean value of polymorphism percentage was 78.7%. Primers NLSSR3 and 830 presented 100% polymorphism percentage. The highest number of amplification bands (124) was noticed in genotype (Ln12), while the lowest number of amplification bands (87) was noticed in genotype (Idleb5). Thirty one unique bands were obtained, out of them 9 were considered as present bands (positive) and 22 were considered as absent bands (negative). The highest number of unique bands (5) were registered in genotype (Idleb3), while genotypes (Ln9 and Ln12) did not present any unique band. The genetic distance ranged from 0.21 to 0.48.  ISSR cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into two main clusters; the first one included local varieties (Idleb3 and Idleb5), while the second cluster included the remaining lines. Some genotypes showed wide divergence (Idleb5, Ln1 and Ln6), whereas genotypes (Ln11 and Ln 12) were close related.

Keywords: Lentil, ICARDA lines, local varieties, genetic relationship, ISSR analysis.

Full paper in English: pdf