Ruba Hamad^*(1), Mahmoud Ali⁽¹⁾ and Ola Merhej⁽²⁾

(1). Forestry & Ecology Department- Agriculture Faculty- Tishreen University- Latakia- Syria.

(2). Forestry & Ecology Department- Agriculture Faculty- Tishreen University- Latakia- Syria.

(3). General Organization of Remote Sensing- Department of Coastal Region- Latakia- Syria.

(^*Corresponding author:  Ruba Hamad, E- Mail:  rubaihamad08@gmail.com)

Received:  19/06/2022             Accepted:  22/10/2022

Abstract: 

The natural regeneration of Pinus halepensis Mill. (Aleppo pine), and its accompanying plant biodiversity were studied in Kfardabeel afforestation site in Jableh region (Lattakia) after the severe fire that occurred on the ninth of October 2020, which caused the destruction of the entire area that was covered by Aleppo pine on the site.  The cross-line method was used to study the Relative Important Value (RIV) of the plant species that appeared after the fire, and the coefficients of specific richness, and abundance coefficients were used to study the plant biodiversity in the site.  The results of the study showed that the most important plant in terms of RIV in the studied site was Calycotome villosa (Vahl.) Link followed by Pinus halepensis Mill.  followed by Serratula cerinthifolia (Sm.) Boiss.  On the other hand, the results showed a clear effect of fire in increasing the number of deteriorating plant species and species adapted to post-fire conditions, especially a seeder species, in addition to the beginning of the return of a resprouter species to dominate the terrain again.  Shannon’s Index recorded a value of (H= 3.29), as for Simpson’s Index, it gave a value of (D= 0.94), which are high values that indicate the presence of a large plant biodiversity in the site after the fire.  It was also found that the least number of plant species, especially the least number of seedlings of Aleppo pine, was recorded in the places where the slope reached its highest value, which was (48%).

Keywords:  plant biodiversity, fires, natural regeneration, serotiny, Pinus halepensis Mill.  (Aleppo pine), Kfardabeel.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

 Hassan Ali^*(1)

(1). General commission for the administration and development of Al-Ghab, Al-Ghab, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Hassan Ali, E-mail: hso414516@gmail.com)

Received: 11/09/2023         Accepted: 6/11/2023

Abstract: 

Today, artificial forests are one of the most important sources of carbon storage in forests, saving timber and reducing the degradation of natural forests. Forest biomass plays a major role in reducing global warming, an indicator of environmental sustainability, and an important source of information at the national and international levels. In recent years, remote sensing techniques using machine learning algorithms such as random forest and multiple linear regression have been widely used to estimate forest tree biomass. This research was conducted in Arab Dagh Forest in Golestan Province, Iran, and field data were collected by systematic cluster sampling method. 180 samples of Pinus brutia Ten. were inventoried with an area of ​​400 square metres. At the level of each plot, the diameter and tree height were measured. 135 samples were selected for modeling (training data) and 45 samples for modeling validation (test data). The aim of this research is to estimate the biomass of Pinus brutia using Random Forest and the multiple linear regression algorithms. And compare the results obtained from using these algorithms to estimate biomass. The results of modeling using the multiple linear regression algorithm showed that the coefficient of determination (R²) was equal to 0.55, and the percentage root mean square error (%RMSE) was equal to 32.14%. While the results of modeling using the Random Forest algorithm showed that the coefficient of determination was equal to 0.92, and the percentage of root mean square error was equal to 18.19%. Estimating the biomass of Pinus brutia using the Random Forest algorithm gave encouraging results compared with multiple linear regression.

Keywords: Biomass, Random Forest, Multiple Linear Regression, Pinus brutia.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Iman Ibrahim* ⁽¹⁾ Najwa Muslmani ⁽¹⁾ Imad aldeen ALKhalaf ⁽¹⁾ and Abeer alramo ⁽¹⁾

(1). Dept of Biology, Faculty of Science, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Iman Ibrahim E-mail iman.sy@hotmail.com).

Received:26/08/2022            Accepted:9/10/2022

Abstract: 

The research aimed to investigate the ability of bacteria isolated from the celery rhizosphere to stimulate plant growth in pot experiments. A bacterial inoculum was prepared at a concentration of (5×10^-8) cfu/ml of five isolate species belonging to two genera (Bacillus and pseudomonas), which is:  Pseudomonas putida,  P. aeruginosa subtilis, Bacillus cereus B.,  B. thuringiensis, Celery seeds were soaked in the concentrations prepared from these isolates for four hours, then the seeds were planted in pots. after the plant growth period was completed, the ability of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to increase vegetative growth and biochemical indicators was studied. the results showed that the bacterial isolates were able to improve growth by increasing the lengths of the root and shoot and increasing the fresh weights of the plant. the number of leaves and roots also increased by the effect of the bacterial inoculum. In addition, the plants treated with the PGPR recorded an increase in chlorophyll (A, B, and total chlorophyll) and carotenoids. The results also showed the positive effect of the bacterial inoculum in increasing the total content of phenols and the antioxidant activity in all tested plants.

Keywords: celery. bacterial inoculum. PGPR. Phenols. antioxidant activity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ameerah H.Atiyah^(1)* Adnan S.Falih⁽¹⁾Raied H.Mohammad⁽¹⁾  and Tarq J.Jalud⁽¹⁾

(1). Agricultural Research Directorate, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Ameerah H. Atiyah, E-mail: alsadiameera@yahoo.com)

Received:20/06/2023          Accepted: 27/12/2022

Abstract: 

A Field study was conducted at a soil and water resources research station   in Al – Shikhan , Nineveh Government ( northern part of Iraq ) to compare the effect of tillage depth on some soil physical, and chemical characteristics and land productivity. Mung bean (Vigna radita L.) and Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were cultivated in 3 crop rotation cycles 2017-2018. The experiment was designed with Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates to study three tillage depth treatments (I)No tillage(NT), (II)Minimum tillage 0-15cm (MT), and (III) Conventional tillage 0-30 cm(CT). The results showed that soil bulk density values increased with increasing tillage depth Where the percentage of increase in the bulk density was 5.67% for the treatment of conventional tillage. While the stability rates of soil aggregate were decreased with increasing tillage depth, increasing tillage depth led to decreased soil organic carbon content and an increase in available water amount with less tillage depth. Grain yield was increasing with minimizing tillage depth. Also, the production of agricultural land increased with reducing tillage depth the increase rate was 12% for NT treatment, 6.4% for MT treatment, and 2% for CT treatment.

Key words: Tillage depth , Soil Characteristics, productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Lina Ali* ⁽¹⁾  

 (1). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of agriculture, Aleppo university, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Lina Ali. E-Mail: lina.7755@gmail.com).

Received:25/06/2022          Accepted: 12/10/2022

Abstract: 

The aim of this research was to evaluate the susceptibility of some genotypes and cultivars against chickpea leaf miner and its effect on seed and biomass yields under Syrian conditions in the Al-Ghab area. Hama, under natural infection conditions during the agricultural season 2019/2020. the results showed that there were no significant differences between the studied local chickpea cultivars (Ghab1, Ghab2 and Ghab3), all of which were susceptible to infection, and the highest infection severity was recorded on the ILC 3397 genotype = 8.4, and the lowest infection severity on the Genotype ILC5901 = 2.8, and significant differences were found in seed and biomass yields, between the experimental plots treated with pesticide and those left under natural infestation conditions, With the exception of the resistant genotype ILC5901, there were no significant differences between them, where the highest percentage of loss of seed and biomass yields was recorded on the susceptible genotype ILC 3397, amounting to 48.8% and 39.1%, respectively, and the lowest percentage of loss in seed and biomass yields was on the resistant genotype by 5.2 and 5.6%, respectively, and the percentage of seed yield loss for local cultivars ranged from 33.4-35.54%.

Keywords: chickpea, genotypes, yield, leaf minor chickpea.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Catherine Nseir ^(1)* ,Mohamad Housam Bahlawan⁽¹⁾, Ahmad Majar⁽²⁾ and Fadi Abbas⁽²⁾

(1). Dept. of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Catherine Nseir, Email  catynseir@gmail.com)                                                

Received:17/07/2022              Accepted: 3 /10 / 2022

Abstract: 

The problem of the scarcity of water resources is one of the issues of paramount importance in this region, as work is being done to study and test the ability of crop varieties such as lentils to withstand drought conditions during the different stages of growth. The experiment was carried out at the one of May research station, GCSAR  in Damascus Countryside during the growing season 2020-2021 with the aim of evaluating the tolerance of ten varieties of lentil to the water stress applied during the flowering stage in the field, With split plot design. The results of the experiment showed the variation of the studied lentil models in their performance under stress conditions, and it was noted that the G19 genotype achieved the lowest percentage of decline in the number of days until flowering by 1.15%, while the G8 genotype  achieved the highest percentage of decline by 4.28%, and the G15 genotype achieved the lowest percentage of decline in the number of days. Until maturity, at a rate of 5.92%, and the G4 genotype achieved the highest percentage of decline by 16.04%, and in the case of plant height, the G20 genotype achieved the lowest percentage of decline by 2.62%, while the G16 genotype achieved the highest percentage of decline by 43.73% In the case of 100 seeds, the G19 genotype achieved the lowest percentage of decline by 2.25%, and in the case of the number of pods on the plant, the G3 genotypes achieved the lowest percentage of decline of 5.31%, and the genotypes G15 and 11G achieved the highest productivity under stress conditions, which reached 3.88, 2.45 tons / e with a decline rate of 25.37 and 28.58%, respectively, but the G20 genotype achieved the lowest yield decline compared to the control, which did not exceed 8.10%, and therefore it is considered the most tolerant, although its productivity was basically low under the conditions of the witness 1.07 tons / h. Therefore, we suggest introducing the 20G genotype in the breeding programs to improve drought tolerance, as well as in the breeding programs directed to increase yields in order to improve its productivity. We also suggest adopting the genotypes G11 and G15, in areas with low rainfall.

 Keywords: lentils, drought stress, flowering, productivity, developmental and productive traits.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Jasim Al-Turky⁽¹⁾, Saleh Al-Moustafa⁽²⁾*and Lenda Al.Hamad Al.Mfreg⁽¹⁾

(1). Field Crop Department, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Al-Furat University, Dier-Ezzor, Syria                                                                                            

(2). General Commission of Scientific Agricultural Research, Dier-Ezzor, Syria.  

(*Corresponding author: Saleh Al-Moustafa , Email akdryd34@gmail.com)

Received:1/09/2022              Accepted: 24 /10 / 2022

Abstract: 

The field experiment was conducted at the Research Stations of Salo in Dier-Ezzor Agricultural Research Center, during the seasons of 2020 and 2021 to evaluate effect different of  irrigation intervals and plant densities on some morphological and productivity traits for Sorghum bicolor (Azraa 7), The design of the experiments was Randomized Completely Block Design with the arrangement of split plot design with three replications, irrigation intervals occupied main plots (included irrigation 12, 20 and 28 days) while the plant densities (57000, 71000 and 95000 plant/ha^-1) occupied sub plots. Results showed that full irrigation treatment (12 days) was significantly superior in all studied trait i.e. plant height, leaf area, grain yield/plant, weight of 1000 grain, grain yield, in both seasons. Plant densities had significant effect on all traits, increasing plant densities from 57000 to 95000 plant/ha^-1 by changing in distance within the plants increasing the values of plant height and grain yield while decreasing in leaf area, grain yield/plant and weight of 1000 grain in both seasons. It could be conclude  the dependent on irrigation at 12 days and density 95000 plant/ha^-1 that attained higher value of grain yield.                                                                                                     

Key words: drought stress, plant densities, Sorghum bicolor, grain yield. 

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Ahmed Soufi^{* (1)}, Majd Darwish ⁽¹⁾ and Nizar Moalla⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ahmed Soufi, Lattakia, Syria. E-mail: 7mada.movo9@gmail.com).

Received: 20/07/2022             Accepted: 23/10/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out during the 2021-2022. to study the effect of treatment with the chemical mutagen Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) in improving the tolerance of two tobacco varieties (Burley 21 and Virginia VK51) to drought stress. The seeds were treated using three concentrations of the mutagen (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 %) with a soaking time of (8) hours. In addition, to induce drought stress, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used at concentrations (15, 30 and 45 %) equivalent to an osmotic pressure (-0.7, -1.4 and -2.1) MPa. To chose the selected plants for the next generation. The experiment was conducted according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) at the Dimsharko farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering-Tishreen University – Lattakia- Syria. and with three replications per treatment. Some characteristics for treated seeds productivity characteristics (yield of green and dry leaves (kg/acres)) and technological traits (dry leaves thickness (micrometer) and dry leaves material (g/cm²)) were also measured. Treatment with EMS at a low concentration (0.1%) led to an decreased in the dry leaves thickness and dry leaves material and increased yield of green and dry leaves of both tobacco varieties. High concentration of EMS at (0.5 and 1%) caused a increase in the thickness of dry leaves and dry leaves material and decrease yield of green and dry leaves of both tobacco varieties, respectively. The chemical mutagen treatment under drought stress conditions at a low concentration (0.1) %, also improved the values of most of the studied indicators compared to the other treatments. The treatment with PEG, had a negative effects on the dry leaves thickness- dry leaves material and yield of green and dry leaves of both tobacco varieties. Thus, it can be suggested to soak seeds at the concentration (0.1%) EMS for its role in improving on the technological and productive of two tobacco varieties (Berley 21 and Virginia VK51).

Keywords: Ethyl Methane Sulfonate, Burley 21, Virginia VK51, salt stress.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Muhammad Sulieman^*(1) , Mounzer Khaddam⁽¹⁾ and Badih Samra⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen  University, Latakia. Syria.

 (2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Muhammad Sulieman. E-Mail: Muhammad.suliemann@gmail.com ).

Received: 23/08/2022                  Accepted : 21/09/2022

Abstract: 

 This study was carried out in Ain Shqqaq, and Al-Burjan villages in Jablah, Lattakia governorate, during the spring growing of the year 2021. Tomato (hybrid Domina) were planted in soil culture in a 400 m² greenhouse covered with polyethylene, and the same hybrid was planted in soilless culture in a similar greenhouse, perlite and black pumice were used as planting medium with 40% for perlite, the pruning was on two stems. this research aimed to compare the cultivation of tomatoes in soil and soilless culture, to reveal its preference, through quantitative and qualitative indicators. The results of this study showed that the total fixed costs of cultivation in soilless culture were higher (7967000 SP) compared to the total fixed costs of cultivation in soil culture (5874000 SP). however, the plants grown in soilless culture outperformed by all qualitative and quantitative indicators over plants grown in soil culture, and the productivity of the plant in soilless culture reached to 16 kg/plant, and to 6 kg/plant in soil culture.

Key words: soilless culture – greenhouse – tomato – Economic study.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Abo Al  Alaa  Zarka ^{* (1)} and Nadine Asaad⁽¹⁾

(1) . Agricultural Research center in lattakia,  Sianow Research Station, General commission for scientific Agricultural, (GCSAR). Lattakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Dr. Abo Alaa  zarka. E- Mail: Dr.alaazarka81@gmail.com)

Received: 23/08/ 2022        Accepted: 15/10/ 2022

Abstract: 

 The research aimed to identify the relationship between decision support systems and the development of the organizational structure in the Ugarit industrial facility (Jableh city, Alqutalabia region) during 2010, the descriptive analytical method was used, and the questionnaire method was adopted to collect data, (115) questionnaires were distributed, and (12) were excluded, for not completing the necessary data by the respondents. Thus, the number of questionnaires analyzed was (103). The research concluded for several results, the most important of them are: There is a statistically significant relationship at the level of significance (α = 0.04) between decision support systems and the development of the organizational structure in the studied facility. There is the relation between components of decision support systems (finance ability, humanity, technicians, arrangement), and the type of decision support systems. The study also concluded a set of recommendations, the most important of them are: to enable the Ugarit industrial facility to convoy with the era of globalization and deal with its technical apparatus that imposed itself on the various sectors of contemporary life, this requires developing the organizational structure and clarifying the importance of the process of restructuring the organizational structure in the establishments that do not have them Direction to develop its organizational structure, and to encourage establishments that plan to start implementing their programs for radical change as soon as possible, and that it is necessary for industrial establishments, when starting work to develop their organizational structure, to develop information technology infrastructure in general, and decision support systems in particular, Enhancing the support and interest of senior management in industrial establishments in decision support systems, increasing senior management’s reliance on decision support systems in making their decisions, diagnosing problems and encouraging workers by providing the necessary cadre to implement the decision support systems process, encouraging workers to use decision support systems, diagnosing problems and overcoming Obstacles to the development of decision support systems.

Keywords: Decision Support Systems,  Organizational Structure, Industrial Companies.  

Full paper in Arabic: pdf