Eyad Dannoura* ⁽¹⁾, Wael Mtawej ⁽¹⁾, Bayan Mozher⁽²⁾, and Ola Al-halabi ⁽²⁾

(1). Lattakia Research Center, General Commission For Agricultural Scientific Research (GCSAR), Syria.

(2). Alswedaa Research Center, Researcher, General Commission For Agricultural Scientific Research (GCSAR), Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Eyad Dannoura. Email: eyed.dannoura@gmail.com, Tel: 0966895705 ).

Received:30/04/2024           Accepted: 11/07/2024

Abstract: 

The research was conducted from the 2019 to 2022 at the Center for Scientific Agricultural Research in Lattakia, affiliated with the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research. The aim of this research was to determine the best method for propagating of the wild apple species Malus trilobata (Lab). The research included several methods of propagation (sexual propagation by seeds, woody and semi-woody cuttings, Vertical Layering). The seeds and cuttings were obtained from one of the types of the wild apple species Malus trilobata (Lab) from the site of Khirbet al-Sindyanah in the Qardaha region in Latakia. The grafting process was also carried out on two types in the same site, and this study concluded that it is possible to Propagate the studied species sexually, after breaking the dormancy stage of its seeds by removing the seed coats and treating with gibberellic acid at a concentration of 100 ppm or 200 ppm, where the germination rate reached 100%, while no rooting of the woody and semi-woody cuttings took place in the applied treatments, and vertical layering did not produced any new plants. The study also showed the possibility of grafting the studied species onto the Golden delicious and Starking delicious apple varieties, where the grafting success rate reached 66.67% and 83.33% for the two varieties, respectively.

Key words: wild apple Malus trilobata (Lab), seeds, gibberellic acid, grafting, cuttings.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Evan  Dayoub*⁽¹⁾, Jihad Ibrahim ⁽¹⁾, Samar Hasan ⁽²⁾, and Ola Kajo ⁽³⁾

(1).Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Agricultural Scientific Research Center (mathematical modelling of the solutions movement in soils), Lattakia, Syria.

(3). Department of Field Crops (oil crops), Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author: Evan Dayoub, E. mail: dayoubevan@gmail.com).

Received: 29/01/2024                          Accepted:25/05/2024

Abstract: 

This research was conducted in Latakia (Fideo Livestock farming) in 2022 to study the effect of three olive mill wastewater rates (0-5-10 l.m^-2) in some soil’s physical and hydronomical characteristics and soybean growth and productivity characteristics growing in a loamy soil. The experiment showed a significant decrease in the bulk density of the examined soil in both depths (0-20 and 20-40 cm) with increasing OMWW rates. OMWW level of 10 l.m^-2 in soil depth 0-20 cm achieved the highest value of total porosity 52.10 and pores containing available water 16.46. Similarly, the OMWW level of 10.l.m^-2 achieved the heday value of total porosity 44.86 in soil depth 20-40 cm, while the maximum value of pores containing available water15.87 was attained at the level 5 l.m^-2 of OMWW. On the other side, the treatment with 10 l.m^-2 of OMWW resulted in the best results of growth, productivity, and protein content, where the increments in leaf area and protein content were 28.22%,18.75% respectively, whilst productivity reached 38.25% and 63.22% when using 5 and 10 l. m^-2 respectively.

Keywords: bulk density, moisture tension, plant available water- olive mill wastewater, soybean.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Eyad Dannoura* ⁽¹⁾,Wael Mtawej ⁽¹⁾,Bayan Mozher⁽²⁾ and Ola Al- halabi ⁽²⁾

(1). Lattakia Research Center, General Commission For Agricultural Scientific Research (GCSAR), Syria.

(2). Alswedaa Research Center, General Commission For Agricultural Scientific Research (GCSAR),Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Eyad Dannoura. Email: eyed.dannoura@gmail.com, Tel:0966895705).

Received: 12/04/2024                        Accepted:11/07/2024

Abstract: 

The study was conducted during the years 2020 and 2021 at the Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Lattakia, affiliated with the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research. with the aim of studying the effect of Stratification, lighting, and storage on the germination of seeds and embryos of wild apple Malus trilobata (Lab). Seeds were collected from one of the type of the wild apple species Malus trilobata (Lab). from the site of Khirbet al-Sindyaniyah in the Qardaha region in Latakia Governorate, which is 900 meters above sea level. The results of the study showed that the Stratification at (6-8) degrees C° is very effective in breaking the dormancy of the seeds of the studied species. The 90 day Stratification treatment outperformed the rest of the treatments with a 100% germination rate, while the non-stinging seeds did not germinate at all. The study also concluded that lighting is a major factor in the germination of embryos of the studied species. The average percentage of germination did not exceed 20% in the absence of lighting. While it reached 100% in the presence of full lighting, the study also showed that the seeds do not enter a secondary dormancy phase after being stored. The average percentage of seed germination after a year of storage reached 100% after cold Stratification treatment for 90 days, and the same applies to embryos grown at successive intervals of 4 months; While the complete seeds did not germinate at all.

Key words: wild apple Malus trilobata (Lab), Stratification, Lighting, seeds, embryos.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Hassn Aldali⁽¹⁾ Omiema Nasser⁽¹⁾* , Imad Alhadad⁽²⁾ and Tamim Hammad⁽³⁾

(1)   . Environmental Prevention Department in Higher Institute for Environmental Research in Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2)   . Higher Institute for Environmental Research in Tishreen University.

(3)   . Faculaty of Pharmacy in  A-lbath University, Homs, Syria. (4)   .Faculaty of Pharmacy in Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Omiema Nasser, E.mail:gmiel.com@omiemanasser).

Received:18/04/2023          Accepted: 8/07/2024

Abstract: 

The anti-efficacy of Prunus spinosa leaves and fruits extracts against of some dermatopathogens bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was studied, obtained from diseases admitted to the hospital, was studied on some biochemical tests on them, using the staphylococcal diagnostic profiling unit, API 20 API Staph. A sample of the prickly peach plant was collected after complete terrain from the countryside of Aleppo Governorate, the Turkmen nurses from a middle-altitude area, in the month of August of the summer of 2021. More drilling rigs (wells) on central Müller-Hinton agar. The results showed the effect of the ethanolic extract of the fruits of P. spinosa on all the tested bacteria, and the record of the largest circumferential diameter (20) mm was for P. aeruginosa, and the lowest was for Staph. p.spinosa, with less influence on the name, inherited the name Staph. And below, and below for the bacterium P. aeruginosa, with a diameter of the inhibition ring (8) mm. Extract extracted from the leaves of the plant P. aeruginosa.

Keywords: Prunus spinosa plant, Skin pathogens, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mohammad Naddaf ⁽¹⁾,Nisreen Naksho ⁽²⁾ and Amany younes^*(1(

(1). Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). National Commission for Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Damascus University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Amany Younes, amanyyounes996@gmail.com ).

Received: 19/02/2024         Accepted: 26/06/2024

Abstract: 

This research was carried out in the laboratories of the National Commission for Biotechnology at the University of Damascus during the period 2022-2023. The purpose of this research was to find the optimal fermentation conditions to produce the highest possible yield of biomass from Saccharomyces cerevisiae using carrot juice as the sole carbon source. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method was used to determine the best conditions to get the highest yield, where the biomass of the yeast has reached (22.54 g/L) after 24 hours of fermentation, in the following optimal conditions (temperature 30 ⁰C), pH (5), at a rotation speed of 200 rpm during the fermentation process. According to the Syrian standard, the fermentation power of the resulting biomass was excellent, as the volume of CO2 produced reached 2900 (cm³).

Key Words: baker`s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), Biomass, Carrot juice, Temperature, pH.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Amani Birawi *⁽¹⁾, Muhammad Baher Al-Kaddour ⁽²⁾, Bayan Alabdullah ⁽³⁾, Ayham Asbah⁽¹⁾, and Ibrahim Alghoraibi ⁽⁴⁾

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Hama Research Center, Hama, Syria.

(2). Department of soil and soil reclamation, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(3). General Authority for Management Development and Protection of the Badia, Damascus, Syria.

(4). Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Amani Birawi,  E-Mail: eng.amani199001@gmail.com).

Received:16/03/2024          Accepted: 11/06/2024

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in an olive orchard belonging to the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (Hama Research Center) during the two seasons (2020-2021) with the aim of studying the effect of different levels of conventional and Nano-fertilizers on the productivity of the olive tree (Kaisi cv.) and its oil content. The experimental trees were chosen to be as homogeneous in growth and age as possible. Traditional nitrogen fertilizers were added according to the following parameters: K (control without fertilization), T₁₀₀ (according to the previous fertilizer recommendation of the Ministry of Agriculture at 555 g/tree), T₇₅ (25% less than the fertilizer recommendation at 416 g/tree), T₅₀ (less Of the 50% fertilizer recommendation, 278 g/tree), T₁₂₅ (25% more than the 694 g/tree), T₁₅₀ (50% more than the 833 g/tree), and Nano-fertilizers were added according to the following parameters : N₁₀ (10 g/tree), N₂₀ (20 g/tree), N₃₀ (30 g/tree), N₄₀ (40 g/tree), and phosphate and potassium fertilizers were added to all previous treatments according to the approved fertilizer recommendation and at a fixed rate, and the experiment was designed. Completely randomized block method, with three replicates for each treatment. The results showed that the greater the amount of traditional nitrogen fertilizer (urea) than the 25% fertilizer recommendation in the treatment (T₁₂₅), the productivity increased to (33.67, 41.47 kg/tree) in both seasons and without a significant difference with the treatment N₄₀ (40 g/tree) Nano-nitrogen fertilizer. Which also excelled in terms of oil percentage, reaching (20.25 and 21.12%) respectively.

 Keywords: olive, traditional fertilizers, Nano-nitrogen fertilizers, Kaisi cultivar.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ismail Omran^(1)*

(1). directorate of agriculture and agrarian reform, lattakia, ministry of agriculture and agrarian reform, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ismail Mohammad Omran, E-mail: Ismail.omran86@gmail.com)

          Received:26/05/2024                    Accepted:25/06/2024

Abstract: 

The research aimed to study the impact of agricultural policy on peanut crop production in Syria using the policy analysis matrix (PAM). To achieve the previous objectives, the research relied on secondary data issued by the ministry of agriculture and agrarian reform in Syria for the year 2020 and the descriptive analytical approach was used with the aim of introducing the analysis matrix policies (PAM) in terms of its construction mechanism, and methods of using it in analyzing and evaluating policies.  The results of the research showed that the peanut production system is considered competitive, and enjoy a comparative advantage in its production , which can be used to increase exports, in addition to the lack of support for peanut prices and their fluctuation during the agricultural season. It was also shown that there is support A simple provision of production inputs would reduce costs. The results also showed that there is a real percentage of support provided by the state for agricultural products, but at a low percentage , and that peanut producers receive implicit support, because the effective protection factor is greater than one, and despite this , production costs are still quite high. This would reduce the percentage of profit achieved by the farmer.                                 

Key words: peanut yield, comparative advantage, local resource cost factor, producer support factor, agricultural policies.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mahmoud Khateeb⁽¹⁾, Aziza Ajouri⁽²⁾, Ahmad Shams Aldien Shaaban^*(3)

(1). Department of Soil Science and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria

(3). Department of Field Crop, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:Ahmad Shams Aldien Shaaban. E-Mail: Shaabany57@gmail.com).

Received: 18/04/2024         Accepted: 16/05/2024

Abstract: 

An Experiment was conducted at Homeimeh search station in Aleppo, through 2021/2022 season to compare adding hydrogel and soluble fertilizers, and their effects on productivity characteristics of corn variety “Ghota 1”. Completely randomized block design was used with five treatments: (control without fertilizers, adding soluble fertilizer by 2 kg/donem, adding hydrogel by 1, 2 3 kg/donem). The fertilizers were added three times through season. Some morphological and yield component measured with analysis of seed content of NPK. Positive effects were showed when adding hydrogel by rising seed content of NPK comparing with traditional soluble fertilizer. There was an increasing of grain yield, biological yield and seed weight in earns by ratio: 4.8, 7.9, 7.5% when adding at same level (2 kg/donem), and by ratio: 7.7, 19.8, 15.2% when adding (3 kg/donem) respectively. These indicate to efficiency of hydrogel fertilizers to supply mineral elements to corn by high efficiency comparing with traditional fertilizers. And that reflects on improve morphological and productivity characteristics of corn.

Key Words: Hydrogel, NPK, Corn, Seed Content of Minerals, Grain Yield.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ababel hamoud*(1) and Hayat watfa(2)

(1). Natural Resources, General Authority for Agricultural Scientific Research, Damascus, Syria.
(2). Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus , Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Ababel Hamoud. E-mail:ababelhamod@gmail.com).

Received: 3/03/2024             Accepted:25/05/2024

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out at the Al-Nashabiya station of the General Authority for Scientific Agricultural Research in Damascus Countryside Governorate in the year 2021), with the aim of determining the optimal time for fermentation of sawdust and the study of changes in some of the chemical properties of compost during its manufacture of sawdust. Where the sawdust was brewed over four periods (0, 1, 2, 4) , and to determine the degree of ( pH, EC) and the percentage of organic carbon,total nitrogen, organic matter, and C/N . The results of the statistical analysis The pH decreased in fermented sawdust at the beginning of the fermentation at 7.27, then the degree of pH rose to be alkaline at the end of the fermentation and reached 8.17. The degree of Ec is two months after the start of the fermentation, and then it decreased at the end of the fermentation process, and the percentageof total nitrogen content was observed in the start of the fermentation due to its nitrogenous poverty. A significant decrease in organic carbon and organic matter was also observed with increased fermentation time, and the results showed that the percentage of C/N was high in fermentation raw materials and then decreased after two months with significant differences in favor of the treatment 4 months. The treatment (4 months) is the best results and with clear differences in all the indicators studied in the experiment.
Key words: sawdust, carbon, nitrogen, organic matter, compost, fermentation.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hiba Mohammad Mansour^*(1) and  Boulos Iskander Khoury⁽¹⁾

(1). Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Hiba Mansour, email: hibamuhammedmansour@gmail.com)

Received: 25/2/2024                                Accepted: 9/5/2024

Abstract

Additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) model was performed to assess genotype x environment interactions and yield stability for 15 bread wheat genotypes in 4 various locations in Syria (AL-Ghab, Hraison, Himmin, and Darmini) during 2020-2021 season, the experiment was designed using randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three replications in the four locations, the data were statistically analysis using GenStat 12^th program. AMMI Biplot analysis combines pooled analysis and principal components analysis (PCA). The results of the pooled analysis showed that there were significant differences between genotypes (G), the tested locations (E), and the interaction between them (GxE), this indicates the necessity of evaluating and testing genotypes in many different locations. The results of variation analysis according to the AMMI model showed that the first and second principal components were significant and explained 88% of the total variances; this indicates the efficiency of this model in representing and interpreting the genotype x environment interactions. AMMI Stability Value (A.S.V) was also estimated to rank the studied genotypes according to their stability; depending on this value the promising line Douma68498 followed by the promising line ACSAD1300 had high stability. The results of AMMI Biplot analysis illustrated that the most stable genotypes were the two promising lines Douma68498 and Douma68467, and the variety Gollan2 showed specific adaptation and good suitability to the Darmini site, while the two promising lines ACSAD1147 and ACSAD1115 adapted to Himmin and Hraison sites. The results also showed that the AL-Ghab site was the best location. The best-studied genotypes that combined superior yield and high stability are the promising lines Douma66241 and Douma66981, representing the ideal genotype desired by plant breeders. This study showed that the AMMI model’s parameters give similar indicators for determining stable genotypes, and they are useful in improving the selection process and releasing new varieties in plant breeding programs using the AMMI Biplot.

Keywords: AMMI Biplot, Bread Wheat, Yield Stability, Principal Components Analysis, Ideal Genotype, A.S.V Value.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF