Mahmoud Al-Mohamed ^1*

1 Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mahmoud Al-Mohamed. E-Mail: Mahmoud.lb.Almohamed@gmail.com ).

Received: 8/ 05/  2024     Accepted: 29/ 07/ 2024

Abstract

The research was conducted at the Jeb Ramla Cattle Station and the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at the University of Aleppo, during the years 2022-2023, on 52 Holstein Friesian cows. With the aim of studying the effect of mastitis and the level of somatic cells counts on the average of both the voluntary waiting period and days open. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26. The results showed a highly significant effect of mastitis and the level of somatic cells counts on the length of both the voluntary waiting period and the days open period. It was noted that the best studied reproductive indicators were in cows with a low level of somatic cells counts. The average voluntary waiting period and days open period were 69.15 and 104.48 days in healthy animals, compared to 90.69 and 174.00 days in animals that were exposed to mastitis during the first phase of the period lactation. It was also estimated that the length of the voluntary waiting period and the open period increased by 21.54 and 69.52 days, respectively, in the case of mastitis. A positive and highly significant correlation was found between both the voluntary waiting period and the open period with mastitis and the level of somatic cell counts.
Keywords: Mastitis, Somatic Cell Counts, SCC, Voluntary Waiting Period, Days Open, Cows, Holstein, Friesian.

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Mohammad Nizam*1, Ziad Khouri 1, Ghaith Nassor 1 and Tharwat Redwan1 , Yahya Yosof 1 and Ruba Issa1

1 Latakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammad Nizam. E-Mail: mohammad.nizam.85115@gmail..com ).

Received: 30/ 04/  2024     Accepted: 4/ 08/ 2024

Abstract 

 The experiment was conducted during two seasons (2022-2023) on Nectarine trees (Legrand cv.) planted at the Kassab Research Station of Scientific Agricultural Research Center – Latakia governorate; to study the impact of different concentrations of urea and humic acid foliar application and their interaction on the improving the characteristics of Nectarine fruits variety. The experiment showed that the treatments of application urea and humic acid together were significantly superior to the treatments of individual application and control in most of the studied traits. The foliar application treatment (urea 3 g/l + humic 2 g/l) recorded the highest values in terms of fruit weight, fruit size and total soluble solids (130 g, 132 cm3, 11.47 %) respectively, whereas foliar application treatment (urea 3 g/l + humic 1 g/l) recorded the highest value in fruit content of total sugars    (7.93 μg /ml of glucose).

Keywords: Nectarine, Foliar application, Urea, Humic acid

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Mohammed Dosh Aldaemes *1

1 Department Of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, AlFurat University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammed Dosh Aldaemes. E-Mail: maldaames@yahoo.com ).

Received: 10/ 02/ 2024       Accepted: 5/ 08/ 2024

Abstract

The aim of this study to know the effect of replacing Syrian durum wheat flour with 85% extracted white barley flour at four levels of substitution 5-10-20%-15- on the rheological properties of dough and the technological properties of Syrian durum wheat flour at extraction rates of 72% (zero flour), 80% (supply flour), 100% (Graham flour), wheat grain samples were collected from grain purchasing centers in Hama Governorate affiliated with the General Establishment for Grain Trade, Processing and Storage during the 2022 season. The grains were sieved and moistened to a degree of 16.5%. The grains were ground to produce flour with extraction rates of 72% and 80%. %, 100% Samples were collected from Syrian barley grains, Furat2 and Furat3, from the purchasing centers of the General Establishment for Seed Multiplication – Hama Branch, season 2202. The grains were sieved and ground using the CHOPIN mill to produce barley flour and the Brabender mill to produce wheat flour, with the previous extraction rates. The results of the farinograph tests for dough samples showed extraction rates of 72%, 80%, and 100% by increasing the amount of water absorbed by increasing the rates of replacing wheat flour with barley flour, 15%-10%-5%-20%, respectively, with significant differences at the 5% confidence level, where the relationship is direct. Between increasing the replacement ratio and the amount of absorbed water, there is also an increase in the growth and development time of the dough by increasing the rates of replacing wheat flour with barley flour, decreasing the dough stability time, and increasing the dough migration time. The results of xenograph tests for dough samples with extraction rates of 72%, 80%, and 100% showed an increase in dough strength by increasing the percentages of replacing wheat flour with barley flour, 15%-10%-5%-20%, respectively, with significant differences at the 5% confidence level, where the relationship is direct between Increasing the replacement ratio and dough strength, increasing dough elasticity by increasing the percentage of replacing wheat flour with barley flour
Keywords: barley flour, wheat flour, rheological properties of dough, beta glucan.

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Ghadeer  Alhoushi*¹

¹ Directorate of Agriculture in Latakia, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ghadeer Alhoushi, Email: ghadeerrafikalhoushi@gmail.com, 0999296988 ).

Received: 16/ 06/ 2024             Accepted: 16/ 09/ 2024

Abstract: 

A field experiment was conducted in the village of Jiboul in the countryside of Jableh city- Latakia Governorate, Syria, during the 2023/2024 agricultural season, to study the effect of adding nitrogen fertilizer in the form of 46% urea to spinach plants, Spinacia oleracea L., at different rates: 0, 30, 60, 90, 120. kg/ha, based on some vegetative growth standards and determining the best application rate of this fertilizer gives the best results. The results showed a significant effect of nitrogen fertilization on all the growth parameters studied. The rate of 120 kg/ha achieved a significant difference from the rest of the treatments, giving the best results in terms of plant height (27.50 cm), number of leaves on the plant (15.10 leaves), and leaf surface area of ​​the plant. (725.50 cm2), fresh weight (77.50 g), and dry weight of leaves (9.10 g).

Keywords: spinach, Spinacia oleracea L., nitrogen fertilization, vegetative growth standards.

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Imad Alhorani *¹

1 Scientific Center for Agricultural Research in Homs, GSCAR,Syria, .

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Imad Alhorani. E-Mail: imad_horani2000@yahoo.com ).

Received: 16/ 06/ 2024        Accepted: 16/ 09/ 2024

Abstract: 

The experiment was conducted in the rugged western countryside of Homs Governorate in 2020 on 20 heads of Awassi sheep, similar in age and weight, with the aim of studying the effect of adding Spineless cactus in the concentrated ration of Awassi sheep. The experimental animals were divided into two identical groups, with a weight of 36.48±0.35 kg and 36.14±0.28 kg. The first group was fed (The witness) received a concentrated diet consisting of (65% barley + 15% cotton meal + 19% bran), while part of the diet of the second group was replaced with Spineless cactus based on protein, so it was (56% barley + 14% meal + 19% bran +10% cactus) and free grazing for both groups.The results showed that the control group was superior to the Spineless cactus group in total weight gained by 0.17±43.21 kg and 42.81±0.22 kg for the two groups, respectively. The control group also excelled in the daily growth rate, 149.55 kg and 148.22 kg for the control and Spineless cactus groups, respectively, but this superiority was not significant. At a degree of (0.05). While there was a strong convergence in the average daily feed consumption, 1094 g/day and 1088 g/day for the control group and the Spineless cactus group, respectively, and thus the conversion factor was 7.32 & 7.34 kg feed/kg weight gain respectively. The results also showed good palatability of smooth Spineless cactus by the sheep. . Accordingly, we can conclude that it is possible to add smooth Spineless cactus to the rations of Awassi sheep, which would help provide an unconventional fodder source instead of concentrated rations without any negative impact on the animals.

Keywords: Spineless cactus, Awassi sheep, fodder alternativesqualitative loss, quantitative loss, tuber damage index.

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Yaseen AL Mohsen and Abdel Naser AL Omar 

1 Animal department- faculty of veterinary medicine. University of Hama, Syria.
2 Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Hama, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Yaseen Al Mohsen. E.mail: yaseen.m@hama-univ.edu.sy  ).

Received: 13/ 07/ 2024      Accepted: 8/ 10/ 2024

Abstract 

The research was conducted on 20 heads of Awassi lambs located in the sheep station at the Agricultural Research Center in Hama, ranging in age from 6-7 months and weighting 40 kg on average. and in order to evaluate some of the properties of rumen liquid when the experimental lambs. all laboratory tests were conducted in the laboratories of the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Hama when adding different percentages of coriander hay to their dietary diet. The lambs were offered a standardized concentrated diet. As for the filler feed, its percentage of components varied according to the study group. which was divided into four groups, each group consists of five lamps: The first group (the witness) was fed on filler feed, which is wheat hay only (100%), the second was fed (coriander hay 25% + wheat hay 75%), the third was fed (coriander hay 50% + wheat hay 50%), and the fourth was fed (coriander hay 75% + wheat hay 25%). Rumen fluid samples were collected from the experimental lambs one month, two months and three months after the start of the experiment and physical evaluation tests (color-smell-viscosity-sedimentation time) and chemical evaluation (PH- blue methylene return time- microscopic examination of the bacterial flora by qualitative and quantitative methods) were performed. Showed the results the acidity values in the groups with coriander hay added by 75% ranged between (7.1-7.8), while they were (6.8-6.4) in the rest of the groups and the control during the same period. No sensory change in color and smell of rumen fluid was observed in all groups, including the control, and after three months the viscosity was dense and severe (++++) for all groups of lambs of the experiment and the control, while a slight viscosity (+) was observed for the control group and a medium viscosity (++) for the rest of the groups after one and two months from the start of the experiment. The test showed the sedimentation and buoyancy time (SAT) and the return time of methylene blue in all groups. It concludes the need to conduct an analysis of rumen fluid, which gives an important diagnostic value and the possibility of using and adding coriander hay as an unconventional filler feed up to 25% to the nutritional diet of Awassi lambs as they did not affect the kinetics and activity of the protozoan averages and physical, chemical and sensory tests remained within the normal limits in the rumen fluid.
Keywords: Evaluation, Rumen liquid, Awassi lambs, Coriander Hay.

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Majd Asaad^{* 1} and Shaza  Asaad¹

¹ Department of Agricultural Mechanization,  Faculty of Technical Engineering, Tartous University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Shaza Asaad. E.mail: Shazaasaad44@ gmail.com ).

Received: 16/ 06/  2024     Accepted: 16/ 09/ 2024

Abstract: 

This study was carried out on clay soil in a field at Yahmoor- in Tartous province, on potato (vr.”spunta”) during (2019-2020) to investigate the effect of weapons inclination angle and tubers damage index forward speed of the locally manufactured potato digger in the qthe percentage of the undamaged tubers (71.53 %) and the percentage of the lifting tubers (87.33 %), and decreased significantly the percentage of the quantitative and qualitative loss tubers (16.15, 12.31 %) respectively, and the uantitative and qualitative loss and tubers damage index. Two different angle of inclination weapons (m) were used as a main plot ) 30 degree (M1), and 35 degree (M2)., while three different speed of work were used as split plots included S1 1.6 km/h, S2 2.3 km/h, S3 3.32 km/h. Split-plot design under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates was used in this study. A statistical analysis was made to test the differences between treatments and their interaction with LSD at 0.05 level of probability. The results showed that undamaged and lifted tubers increased, while the quantitative & qualitative loss , and tubers damage index decreased with an increased at inclination weapon angle and a decreased in the work speed of the potato digger. The angle inclination (35) increased significantly percentage of the undamaged tubers (71.53 %), and percentage of the lifting tubers (87.33 %) and decreased significantly the percentage of the quantitative and qualitative loss tuber (16.15 ,12.31 %) respectivety, and tubers damage index (78.28). The speed S1 1.6 km/h also achieved the highest percentage of undamaged tubers (75.76 %), and the lifted tubers (91.22 %), and the lowest qualitative & quantitative losses (15.46, 8.77%) respectively, and was significantly superior to that of the rest of the measured lifting speeds. The interaction treatment (M2xS1) gave the highest value of the percentage of undamaged tubers (77.69 %), the lifted tubers (91.76 %), and the lowest percentage of quantitative & qualitative loss (8.23 and 14.07 %) respectively, and tubers damage index (67.08) compared to the other treatments.
Keywords: potato harvester, weapons inclination angle, lifting speed, qualitative loss, quantitative loss, tuber damage index.

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Rima Ghafari*¹, Najwa Mouslemanie ¹, Abdullah Katta ²and Imad-Aldeen Alkhalaf ¹

1 Dept. of Botany, Faculty of Science, Aleppo Univ. Syria
2 Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aleppo Univ. Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Rima Ghafari, mail: mirago82@yahoo.com ).

Received: 18/ 04/  2025     Accepted: 17/ 09/ 2025

This research aimed to determine the red laser irradiation effect with wavelength (635) nm and capacity (5) mWat/cm2 on some Sesamum indicum growth parameters, the research took place at the laboratory of plant ecology and pollution, and the laboratory of Nano science and the ecology garden, Faculty of science, University of Aleppo, between June and September 2023. Two groups of seeds dried and soaked in water for three hours were irradiated with red laser for graduated periods (1,5,10,15) min, then planted in pots containing suitable soil and left for the periods of experiments (1,2,3,4) months. at the end of third and fourth month, some growth parameters were determined for the plants such as fresh length and weight of plant shoots and roots, leaves area, and total chlorophyll and carotene. The results showed that the best shoot length statistical differences were registered for dried and wet sesamum seeds irradiated for (15) min reached (104) cm compared to the control (70) cm, and for roots length reached (17) cm compared to the control (7) cm. The results also showed that the highest statistical differences of fresh shoots and roots weight were obtained for period (15) min irradiation of the dried seeds which reached (26) gram compared to the control (6) gram, and also for the leaves area with a highest area (34) cm2 compared to the control (13) cm2. It can be concluded that red laser irradiation enhanced some growth parameters of Sesamum indicum.

Keywords: Laser, growth parameters, Chlorophyll, Sesamum indicum.

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Abstract: 

The Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Salamiyah conducted a study in 2019 to evaluate the economic benefits of incorporating Nile flower silage into the diet of Awassi lambs. The experiment involved Awassi lambs aged 5-6 months, with an average weight of 43.1±2.26 kg, randomly divided into four groups, each consisting of 4 males. The trial spanned 75 days, with a 15-day introductory period. Different percentages of Nile flower silage substitution (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%) were applied. Results revealed that integrating Nile flower silage into the diet of Awassi lambs led to a reduction of feeding costs by 5.3% in the fourth treatment (75% WHS), while maintaining a weight gain rate of 10.62 kg. The third and second treatments also showed reduced feeding costs by 3.5% and 1.8%, respectively, compared to the control group. The third treatment exhibited the lowest cost per kilogram of live weight produced during the 60-day experimental period, amounting to 2982 SYP per kilogram, translating to a 9.8% decrease in meat production costs compared to the control group. Consequently, the study suggests incorporating Nile flower silage into lamb diets up to 75% to improve economic indicators and overall herd health. 
Keywords: Nile flower silage, Awassi lambs, economic indicators.    

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Tofek Othman^*1

¹ Department of Environment Prevention, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Tofek Othman, Email: tofek.osman@gmail.com ).

Received: 10/ 06/ 2024     Accepted: 18/ 09/ 2024

Abstract: 

The use of environmental friendly methods to enhance crop growth and productivity is essential for sustainable agriculture. So the aim of this research is to study the effect of natural materials, such as the liquid resulting from the anaerobic fermentation process (Bioslurry) on germination rate and some of  the growth characteristic of peanut, by soaking the seeds in this liquid at several concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, 100%) with two durations (5, 6) hours. It was 10 treatments in addition to the control treatment (no soaking). The experiment was designed according to a randomized completely block design RCBD, with three replicates for each treatment. The following traits were studied: germination percentage, number of root nodes, plant height, total number of leaves, leaf area index, and dry weight.  The results of the statistical analysis showed that the treatment at a concentration of (50)% soaking for (5) hours was superior to all experimental treatments with high significance in the following characteristics: germination rate, number of root nodules, plant length, total number of leaves, and dry weight, as the values reached (97.16%, 44.3 nodes/plant, 60.67 cm, 292.33 leaves/plant, 177.3 g) respectively.  Also, it was found that there were no significant differences in the characteristic in leaf surface index when treated with (50)% concentration for (5 and 6) hours, as the following values were reached (2.29, 2.25), respectively. The results of the statistical analysis also showed that the control treatment (without soaking) and the soaking treatment with (0)% concentration in bioslurry were the least significant among all the experimental treatments.

Keywords: Soaking, bioslurry, growth traits, germination, peanut. 

Full paper in Arabic: pdf