Ziad Sarhil^*(1)

(1) . Directorate of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Lattakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Ziad Sarhil, E-mail: sarhilziadof@yahoo.com).

Received: 5/09/2024               Accepted: 29/12/2024

Abstract: 

The research mainly aims at the descriptive economic analysis of the costs and revenues of durum wheat production (Baal) in Lattakia Governorate, and the study and analysis of economic indicators related to the economic efficiency of the agricultural season (2023-2024). The initial data was collected through a questionnaire targeting a sample of wheat farmers amounting to 370 farmers, the size of which was calculated according to the Stephen-Thompson equation. The results showed that the average annual net profit achieved from a durum planted with durum wheat (Baal) was 1.5 million SYP/dunum/year, while the profitability coefficient compared to invested capital was 64%, and compared to production costs was 71.4%, which is considered a very good indicator in the field of agricultural investment, as the profitability rate is equivalent to about 71 SYP, for every 100 Syrian pounds invested annually. The variable assets turnover rate was 1.93, which is evidence of the efficiency of investing available resources and increasing productivity. The results also showed that the economic efficiency index was 1.71, which is greater than one, indicating efficiency. Exploitation of fixed and variable capital, and the feasibility of producing durum wheat (rainfed) in Lattakia Governorate. The study concluded that there is a need to increase interest in wheat cultivation, while encouraging and motivating farmers to increase the areas planted with this crop, given the economic savings it brings to rural families, diversifying sources of income, and improving their standard of living.

Key words: durum wheat, production costs, economic efficiency, profitability ratio, capital payback period.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Maya Al-Abdala ^(1)*, Safwan Aboassaf ⁽¹⁾ and Riham Zahalan ⁽²⁾

(1). Economic and Social Studies Research Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Sweida, Syria.

(2). Natural Resources Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria

(* Corresponding author, Dr. Maya al-Abdala E-mail: mayaabdala6@gmail.com)

Received: 28/ 08/ 2024       Accepted: 11/ 12 /2024

Abstract: 

The study aimed to measure the consumers’ awareness level of the source and safety of agricultural products, as a case study for workers at Al-Swaida Scientific Agricultural Research Centre. Presuming that the studied statistical community includes all types of working of administration, research and services areas, surveying methodology was used with about 170 singular samples, 2021/2022. The results showed four classes of consumers’ awareness levels, weak, medium, good and very good awareness levels. The highest percentage of the obtained results was 48.24% for the third class (good awareness). Factors affecting the awareness level were defined using different correlation factors that suit the variables. Based on that, the alternative assumption of having significant statistical differences between the awareness level and the variables of gender, capacity building, reading about food safety, family individual status, the obtained scientific degree, and consumers’ length in cm, the percentage of the individual’s income that spent for food was accepted. It was clear from the suggested ordinal regression model that variables of capacity building, reading books, scientific degree and the consumed percentage of the monthly income on food have a predictive significance on the individual awareness level. Since variables of capacity-building, reading books and scientific qualifications have a positive impact, individuals following training on food safety, buying books and enhancing their scientific qualifications will increase the poten-tial of existing in a higher awareness level of the suggested classes. In contrast since the variable of the consumed percentage of the monthly income on food has a negative impact, thus the higher this percentage the higher the potential to exist in a lower awareness level of the suggested classes.

Keywords: Al-Swaida, Consumers’ awareness, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Ordinal regression model.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Fouzi Faraj^*(1)

(1). Dept of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya.

(*Corresponding author: Fouzi Salih Faraj Email: salehfara1981@yahoo.com).

Received: 27/06/2024                             Accept:5/11/2024

Abstract:  

The study aimed to measure the impact of agricultural trade on domestic agricultural production in Libya, by employing data from time series extending from 1995 to 2021, and using the ARDL Model methodology. The results showed the existence of a long-run relationship between the studied variables. As the results showed, agricultural exports have a significant positive Impact, while agricultural imports have a significant negative Impact, but inflation has no effect. While in the short-run, agricultural exports also have a positive significant impact on agricultural output, agricultural imports have a negative significance, and the inflation rate has no significant impact on agricultural GDP too. 

Keywords: Agricultural Exports; Agricultural Imports; Inflation Rate; Agricultural GDP; ARDL Model; Libya.

Full paper in English: pdf

Shams  Jassim^(1)* and  Jinan M. Kalaf⁽¹⁾

(1).Department of Plant Protection,College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah-Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Shams Jassim, E.mail: pgs.shams.jassim@uobasrah.edu.iq)

Received: 21/09/2024                               Accepted: 11/12/2024

Abstract: 

in the laboratories of the Marine Science Center and the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture / University of Basra in the agricultural season 2023-2024. The aim of the study was to estimate the biochemical and anatomical characteristics of four varieties of the eggplant plant and their impact on the infection of a cotton pest Aphis gossypii.where the numerical density of the insect was recorded during the study period and analyzes of the leaves of the eggplant plant for the purpose of knowing the biochemical characteristics, conducting an autopsy of the leaves of the eggplant plant for the purpose of knowing the anatomical characteristics and the extent of the impact of these traits in infection with an insect of cotton A.gossypii. The results of the study of the numerical density of a cotton insect A. gossypii on eggplant varieties (Nasr, Jawaher, Barcelona, Kipto), showed that the highest average numerical density of a cotton insect was during the month and March, and amounted to 54.13 insects / leaf, and the lowest rate was in May and amounted to 10.45 insects / leaf.  The highest rate of numerical density of the insect was recorded on the Nasr variety at 54.31 insects / leaf, and the lowest rate on the variety Kipto was 24.19 insects / leaf. The results also showed that the value of chlorophyll A for the four classes Nasr, Jawaher, Barcelona, Kipto, amounted to 0.165, 0.1645, 0.1635, 0.1631 mg / g. The chlorophyll value is 0.308, 0.3071, 0.2998, 0.2906 mg/g. The total chlorophyll value was 0.47, 0.47, 0.46 and 0.45 mg/g, respectively. Carotene was 2.232, 2.155, 2.117, 2.087 mg/ml. The phenols value is 4.88, 5.89, 6.32, 6.84 mg/g. The nitrogen content was 0.28, 0.14, 0.14, 0%. The phosphorus value was  0.016, 0.019, 0.022,0.027, mg / l. potassium 3.55, 5.33, 5.925, 8.299 mg/g. Protein ratios are 1.75, 0.875, 0.875, 0%, respectively. The results of the autopsy of the leaves of the eggplant plant for the four healthy varieties showed differences and differences in the studied anatomical characteristics.

Keywords: Aphis gossypii, biochemical characteristics, anatomical characteristics , eggplant

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Muhammad Nour Al-Assaf ^(1)*, Jalal Abboud⁽²⁾,Abdullah Al-Youssef⁽³⁾,Thamer Al-Hanish ⁽⁴⁾, Ahmad Shams Al-Dien Shaaban ⁽²⁾, Ahmed Khalil ⁽²⁾,Najwa Al-Sheikh ⁽²⁾, and Ruba Al-Youssef⁽²⁾

(1). Cotton Research Department, GCSAR, Syria.

(2). Al-Jamasa Station, Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Tartous, Syria. .

(3) . Center for Scientific Agricultural Research in Aleppo, GCSAR, Syria.

(4). Administration of Crop Research, GCSAR, Syria.

(5) . University of Aleppo, Faculty of Agriculture, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Muhammad Nour Al-Assaf, E-Mail  assafnoor57@gmail.com ).

Received: 7/06/2024                                 Accepted: 20/10/2024

Abstract: 

Yellow rust is one of the major factors that affects in the bread wheat production in Syria. The study was conducted at the Al-Jamasa Research Station of the Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Tartous during the two seasons (2021/2022) and (2022/2023), with the aim of evaluating and selecting promising lines of Bread wheat that tolerant to yellow rust caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis West. f. sp. tritici Eriks under natural infestation conditions of the yellow rust fungus community for yield components (spike length, number of grains/spike, grain weight/spike and weight of 1000 grains) in addition to its resistance to yellow rust disease. The study showed an improvement in the yield components characteristics of the three cultivated cultivars (Cham6, Cham8, Cham10), in addition to improving their resistance to yellow rust disease, by selecting promising lines resulting from crossing them with resistant genotypes. (47) Promising lines were selected with high yield characteristics in addition to their resistance to the disease. Seven promising lines (38, 39, 60, 70, 82, 95, 184) resulting from four crosses (Cham10× Babacha), (Cham8× Babacha), (Cham6× Babacha), (Avocet yr15× Babacha), respectively, showed a tolerant reaction to yellow rust disease. The 7 lines (56, 57, 63, 83, 94, 97, 101) were also characterized by the highest average spike length and number and weight of grains/spike. as were the 12 lines numbers (111, 122, 132, 133, 140, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150) resulting from selection within isolated populations of the cross (Avocet yr5×Cham8) with higher averages for all yield traits studied, which shows the importance of genetic resistance to yellow rust in maintaining yield traits.

Keywords: Bread Wheat, Yellow Rust, Resistance, yield and its components.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Abeer jubily^*(1)  and Fahed Albiski⁽²⁾

(1). General Commission for scientific and agriculture research, Lattakia, Syria.

(2).  National commission for biotechnology, Damascus, Syria.

(*corresponding author: Dr. Abeer Jubily. E-Mail; abeerjubily.e@gmail.com).

Received:  18/06/2024           Accepted: 2/09/2024

Abstract: 

This experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Science Research Center in Lattakia- General Combition for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria during seasons 2017-2022.The mutagens gamma rays and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) were used to induce genetic variation in chickpea cultivar Gab.5. DNA was amplified using ten primers (RAPD) of 17 promising mutant families of Gab (5) selected based on morphological and productive characteristics compared to the control. The results showed genetic differences between 7 mutant families derived from Ghab5 compared to the control. The primers resulted in a total of 81 bands, with an average polymorphism of 22.82%. Cluster analysis based on the RAPD results divided the cultivar Gab.5 and the selected families into seven different groups. The availability of the desired mutations gives a good opportunity to develop improved chickpea cultivars in addition to generating genetic variation, which enriches the genetic resources of chickpea.

Key words: Cicer arietinum L., genetic variation, RAPD technique, dendrogram.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Areej Alkhder^(1)*, Mohammad Manhal Alzabi⁽¹⁾, Ibrahim Algoribi⁽²⁾ Samer Al Rabee⁽¹⁾  Nabila kridi⁽¹⁾,Safaa Hazeem ⁽¹⁾ and  Maha Khorshed⁽¹⁾

(1). Natural Resources Research Management General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) – Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*corresponding author: Dr. Areej Alkhder. E-Mail; Areejalkeder@gmail.com).

Received:  18/06/2024           Accepted: 20/10/2024

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out at Al-Nashabiya Research Station located in the Damascus Countryside Governorate during the season 2019/2020. In order to study the effect of adding several levels of nano-nitrogen on growth and productivity of two wheat cultivars (Sham 7 and 8).The treatments consisted of the following: N0 control (without addition), N1 conventional fertilizer (urea), and treatments of nano-fertilizer (N2=0.5, N3=1 and N4=1.5 and N5=2) kg N/ha. The experiment plots were completely randomized with three replicates plot for each treatment. The results showed a direct increase in plant height, spike length and number of spikes per unit area with an increase in the rate of nitrogen fertilizer added compared to the control in the two studied varieties. In terms of productivity, it was noted that the treatments N1 and N4 were superior. In the soft cultivar Sham 8, which gave (6.03 and 5.10) tons/ha, respectively, compared to the control treatment (4.17) tons/ha, while treatments N1, N4 and N5 outperformed the tough cultivar Sham 7, with productivity reaching (6.43, 5.40 and 5.37). ton/ha, respectively, compared to the control treatment, which amounted to (4.47) ton/ha.

Key words: Nanonitrogen Fertilization, Wheat, Cham7, Cham8 spike length, productive characteristics.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mayada zahlout^(1)*

(1). Department of botany , Faculty of Science , Tishreen University , Lattakia , Syria .

(*Corresponding author: Mayada zahlout. E-MailMayadaam79@gmail.com).

                                                                                                                                                                                                Received:  27/03/2024           Accepted: 7/10/2024

Abstract: 

Plants are an important source for human health. This study aims to identify the chemical compounds found in the flowers, leaves and roots of the species Convolvulus Cantabrica L., samples were collected from the Al-Haffa region of Latakia Governorate – Syria, during July 2022. The plant extract was obtained using an ultrasound device Analyze it using a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass spectrometer (GC/MS). 21 compounds were identified in the leaves, 14 compounds in the flowers, and 13 compounds in the roots. The most important hydrocarbon compounds in the roots were o-Xylene (1.38%), followed by Octasiloxane (1.20%). While the leaves were characterized by a higher percentage of hydrocarbon compounds, which amounted to 11 compounds, the most important of which was Heptadecane (8.33%), and the carboxylic acids were represented by the two compounds Oleic Acid (0.23%), followed by Tridecanoic acid (0.15%), and the compound Acetamide, which belongs to the amide group, was found in a percentage (0.05%). The number of carboxylic acids in the flowers reached 5 acids: Oleic Acid (1.08% higher than what was found in the leaves), then n-Hexadecanoic acid (0.82%), followed by the compound Octadecenoic Acid (Z)-9 (0.22%). %), This type is a source of biologically active compounds for medical applications.

Keywords  : Convolvulus cantabrica L., gas chromatography (GC/MS), ultrasound device, chemical compounds, Fatty acid.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hadia Hasan*⁽¹⁾ , Maher Dais⁽¹⁾ , Osamah Alabdullah⁽²⁾ ,Solaf Hallom⁽¹⁾ ,Yosef Amine⁽¹⁾ , and Bashar Mousa⁽¹⁾

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Latakia Center,  Al-Hinady Station, Latakia, Syria.

(2).  Administration of Horticulture Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Hadia Hasan,  Email: hadiahasan894@gmail.com).

Received: 14/09/2024.                                    Accepted:  11/12/2024

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at Al-Hanadi Research Station – Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia during 2022-2023 season to study the effect of silicon (potassium silicate) addition as a fertilizer for cabbage plants at two levels (25 kg/dunum and 50 kg/dunum) in treatments (T5 and T6), silicate fertilization with mineral fertilization in treatments (3 and 4), mineral fertilization (T2) and treatment without fertilization control treatment (T1). The Randomized Complete Block system was used in the experimental design. The results showed that the combined silicate and mineral fertilization had a clear positive effect on the growth of local cabbage plants. Cabbage leaves outperformed in the silicate and mineral fertilization treatment with the highest content of potassium (2.77%), phosphorus (0.325%), and total soluble sugars. This treatment also gave the highest yield of fresh cabbage 6.54 tons/dunum. While  the potassium silicate treatment increased the dry matter content of cabbage leaves to (13.07 and 13.04%) at the levels of 25 and 50 kg/acre, respectively.

Key words: Cabbage,potassium silicate, total soluble sugars, yield.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Malak Saboh* ⁽¹⁾

^(1). Center for Scientific Agriculture Research, Lattakia, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Dr. MalakSaboh. E-Mail:malak.sabboh@gmail.com)

Received: 10/09/2024         Accepted: 27/11/2024

Abstract: 

The study was conducted during 2019-2020onessentialoilofThymus spp. spread in Lattakia’s forestry to three species of Thymusspp.whichwereThymuscapitatus Hoff. ( SnobarJableh), Thymus syriacusBioss (Solas, Kasab) and Thymus cilicicusBioss ( Al-Dalia) by using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GC-MStoanalyzecomponents of essential oil and the results were analyzed by using MSTATThe result of the essential oil analysis showed T.capitatus H. in SnobarJableh zone exceeded by the proportion of essential oil (1.15%) and least was in T.cilicicus H. in Al-Dalia (0.55%), while carvacrol outperformed the rest of the compounds by an average (37.63%).

Keywords: Thymus spp. ,GC-MS, Carvacrol

Full paper in Arabic: pdf