Saif saadallah Hassan⁽¹⁾ and Abdullah Abdulkrim Hassan^*(1) 

(1). Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Abdullah Abdulkrim Hassan. Email: drabdullah.has67@tu.edu.iq).

Received: 02/05/2019                               Accepted: 01/10/2019

Abstract

A laboratory studies were conducted during 2018/2019 season at Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tikrit. The study investigated the bio-synthesis of the nanoparticles of an edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus A2019 using four fractions including fungus filtrate, biomass, hot extract and cold extract of the biomass. The results of the laboratory study indicated that the formation of silver nanoparticles from the Pleurotus eryngii,_by detecting the chromatic heterogeneity of these four fractions from yellow to brown, and recorded the highest absorption peaks (using the spectrophotometer) of the silver nanoparticles of all fractions within wavelengths ranged from 350 to 475 nm . All concentrations and fractions of prepared Ag nanoparticles showed the highest inhibition growth against pathogenic fungus P. aphanidermatum in comparison to control. The highest inhibition of linear growth was recorded at a concentration of 1.5 mM in the fungus filtrate treatment as it reached 0.66 mm, while the effect of concentration of 0.5 mM in the hot extract treatment of the biomass recorded the lowest inhibition linear growth 0.15 mm with significant differences between them. While the filtrate treatment showed significant superiority with the other treatments and it reached 0.42 mm compared to the other transactions, where the treatments of the cold and hot aqueous extract and biomass recorded 0.36, 0.16, 0.24 mm respectively.

Key words: Silver nanoparticles, Pleurotus spp, Pythum sp, Wheat seedlings.

Full paper in English: PDF

Mai Moaalla^*(1) Ahmad Ahmad⁽²⁾ Omar Hammoudi⁽³⁾ and Imad Daoud Ismaeil⁽³⁾

(1). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(2). Agriculture Research Center in Tartous, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Agriculture Research Center in Latakia, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Mai Moaalla. E-Mail: maimoalla92@gmail.com).

Received: 28/11/2019                               Accepted: 31/12/2019

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of bacterial strain Bacillus  subtillis FZB27 to induce systemic resistance against cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in pepper plants using three kinds of applications (seeds, irrigation and seeds + irrigation). The study was carried out at the Scientific Agriculture Research Center in Tartus using randomized complete blocks design. Pepper seeds were submerged for 12 hours in suspension of Bacillus  subtillis FZB27 with a concentration of 9×10⁹ colony/ml formation unit. After one week after planting the seedlings were irrigated with 20 ml which was the same concentration suspension of Bacillus subtillis FZB27, then one week after transplanting, the plants were inoculated with C MV. The results showed that, there was a significant reducing in disease incidence of infected treated plants (50.72-57.16)% compared to the infected control (93.33)%, and the highest reduction was in (seeds+irrigation) application. There was also a significant reducing in disease severity of infected treated plants (48.2-60.17)% compared to the infected control (83.66)%, and the highest reduction was in (seeds+irrigation) application, with no significant differences among the treatment methods. The treatment with Bactria improved peroxidase enzyme activity, and consequently, there was significant increase in infected treated plants which ranged between (4.4-6.4) nmol compared to the infected control (2.5) nmol. The higher activity was with (seeds+irrigation) application. There was also significant increase in uninfected treated plants which ranged between (4.76-7.41) nmol compared to the healthy control (2.10) nmol. The higher activity was with (seeds+irrigation) application.

Key words: Induce systemic resistance, Cucumber mosaic virus, Bacillus  subtillis FZB27, Pepper plants.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ahmed J. M.  AL-Shammary^(¹) Hikmat  K. Jassem^(¹) Haithim A. Saeid^*(¹) and  Ahmed S. Sajit^(¹)

(1). Integrated Pest Control Center, Directorate of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Science and Technology. Baghdad, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author : Dr. Ahmed  Saeid. E-Mail: ahmedalshammary90@yahoo.com)

Received: 17/03/2020                               Accepted: 12/06/2020

Abstract

The perception of advantages of honey bee Apis mellifera to humans is the important reason to keep searching in this field, this study has led to finding out some effects of the use of gingerextract with feeding bees on some biological aspects of queen bees Apis mellifera which artificially fertilized. The results showed that the use of gingerextract, especially treatment T6 (1 volume of feeding mixture number 1 + 1 volume of feeding mixture number 3). It was noticed  a significant increase in the total area of honey, brood and pollen collection which reached  8072, 12180 and 9617 square inch respectively, besides increasing of productive age of queen bees which artificially fertilized reached 138.3 days .

Key words: Ginger, Queen bees, Artificial fertilization, Productive age.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Amal A. Mahmood^*(1) Luma J. Al Anber⁽²⁾ and Amal M. Eassa⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Marine Nutural Science, Marine Science College, Iraq.

(2). Department of Marine Chemistry, Marine Science Center, Iraq.

(3). Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Amal A. Mahmood. E-Mail: aamalachmed63@gmail.com).

Received: 25/05/2020                               Accepted: 21/06/2020

Abstract

Conocarpus erectus, Ziziphus jujube, Phoenix dactylifera L., Tamarix aphylla and Albizia lebbeck were chosen in four different areas of Basrah (southern Iraq) and for different times during 2015 to test their tolerance to air pollution, leaves used to estimate the physiological evidence which showed that the low and highest values in December and May respectively, pH values were ​​4.55-8.67 in Albizia lebbeck and Tamarix aphylla respectively, and values of ascorbic acid 0.08-10.33 mg/g in Ziziphus jujube and Albizia lebbeck respectively, content aqueous leaves were 55.96-98.76% in Albizia lebbeck and Ziziphus jujube respectively, total chlorophyll recorded were 0.01-0.13 mg/g in Phoenix dactylifera and Albizia lebbeck respectively, while the lowest and highest values of air pollution index were (6.42-14.18) in Albizia lebbeck during December and May straight as well. The rise in temperature had a role in raising the sensitivity of plants to air pollutants, and the data showed the variance of values, which is due to the variation of air pollution.

Key words: pH, Ascorbic acid, Relative water, Chlorophyll, Air pollution.

Full paper in English: PDF

Ilene Mahfoud^*(1)

(1). Forestry and Ecology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Illene Mahfoud. E-Mail: mahfoudilene@gmail.com).

Received: 05/05/2020                               Accepted: 26/06/2020

Abstract

This study aimed to estimate the forest sector losses in the north of Lattakia Governorate, as a result of terrorist attacks during the Syrian crisis, that started in March 2011. Three aerial photographs were used with spatial resolution ranged between 30 cm and 50 cm, for the years 2011, 2014 and 2016. The visual interpretation technique was applied to identify the forest types in studied sites. The results showed that the forests occupied about 5022 ha, 12708 ha and 4387 ha in Qastal Maaf, Rabia, and Ain Eido, respectively in 2011. These superficies decreased to 2581 ha, 3568 ha and 1010 ha respectively in 2016. The fires that occurred during the crisis period devoured about 5439 ha in 2014, and about 16077 ha in 2016, in addition to the forests that were slightly affected by the fires, which reached 4476 ha in 2016. In terms of the remaining forests and degraded forestry areas, which represents the main forestry areas in Lattakia in particular and in general in Syria, attained only 21427 hectares, or 51% of what was in 2011, before the crisis.

Keys words: Lattakia Forestry, Fires, Aerial photographs, Visual interpretation.

Full paper in English: PDF

Adib Saad^*(1) Ahmad Soliama⁽¹⁾ and Hasan Alkusairy⁽¹⁾

(1). Marine Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(3). General Organization of Fishery Wealth, Jableh, Latakia, Syria.

(⃰Corresponding author: Dr.Adib Saad.  adibsaad52@gmail.com).

Received: 12/04/2020                               Accepted: 18/07/2020

Abstract

The first record of one fish species from the Mediterranean coasts of Syria is reported: the pomacentrid species Abudefduf vaigiensis. The specimen was caught on the 1^st October 2019, using a fishing spear of sport fisherman at depth of 4 m from the coasts of south east of Arwad Island, south of Tartous City . The captured specimen was an adult individual of 118 mm in standard length (SL) , 159 mm in total length (TL) and 87.9 gr in body weight (BW). Two  previously described morphological characters were used  to separate the two congener species, Abudefduf vaigiensis and A. saxatilis. Several factors may explain the presence of this species in the Syrian marine waters.

Keywords: Lessepsian migration, Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Syria, Sergeant fish.

Full paper in English: PDF

Mahran Zeity*⁽¹⁾ Bayan Muzher⁽²⁾ Ola Al-Halabi⁽²⁾ Saher Al-Halabi⁽²⁾ Raafat Albahlool⁽¹⁾ and Majeda Mofleh⁽³⁾

(1). Agriculture Research Center in Lattakia, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Agriculture Research Center in Sweida, (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(3). (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Dr. Mahran Zeity. E-Mail: mzma2009@gmail.com).

Received: 23/07/2020                               Accepted: 18/08/2020

Abstract

One year old pear shoots showing galls symptoms had been collected during December 2019, Kasab, Latakia, Syria Collected material was kept under lab. conditions till the emerging of the adult insect from each gall at the end of April. Adult insect species that belong to microlepidoptera was identified to be Blastodacna libanotica Diakonoff. This is a new record of this species from Syria. 

Keywords: Gall, microlepidoptera, Pear, Kasab. 

Full paper in English: PDF

Entessar Mohammad AL Jbawi^*(1) Hiba ShamsAlDeen⁽²⁾ and Samir Shamsham⁽³⁾

(1). Sugar Beet Department, Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Homs Agricultural Research Center, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Soil and Land Department, Faculty of Agriculture. Al Baath University, Homs, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Entessar Al Jbawi. E-Mail: dr.entessara@gmail.com, dr.entessara@gcsar.gov.sy).

Received: 01/05/2020                               Accepted: 05/08/2020

Abstract

The production of forage crops is very important for livestock production in Syria, which contributes largely to the national income. The study was conducted on summer date (1^st of September), during 2016/2017 season, to study the effect of seaweed extracts on the productivity and quality traits (Root weight/plant (g), shoot weight/plant (g), dry matter content (%), and crude protein content (%) of shoot and root) of fodder beet, assigned in randomized completely block design (RCBD), with three replicates. The results showed that seaweed extracts surpassed the control significantly for all the studied traits, and this reflects the importance of new source of (seaweeds), which are increasingly used in crop production. Sea weeds are environmentally benign and safe for the health of animals and humans. Also, seaweed extracts includes many components such as macro- and microelement nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, cytokinins, auxins, and abscisic acid (ABA)-like growth substances affect cellular metabolism in treated plants leading to enhanced growth and crop yield.

Key words: Fodder beet, Seaweed, Summer sowing, Syria.

Full paper in English: PDF

Janjit Adhikari*⁽¹⁾ Purushottam Dhodary⁽²⁾ Manoj Joshi⁽³⁾ Ram Dhan Tharu⁽³⁾ Ashok Mandal⁽⁴⁾ Rukmagat Pathak⁽³⁾ and Puspa Raj Poudel⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture, Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal.

(2). Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Kathmandu, Nepal.

(3). Department of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Paklihawa Campus, Rupandehi, Nepal.

(4). Department of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, North Dakota State University, USA.

(*Corresponding author:Janjit Adhikari, E-mail: adk.janjit@gmail.com).

Received: 19/07/2020                               Accepted: 11/08/2020

Abstract

An experiment was conducted at Rupandehi, Nepal from January to March, 2018 with an objective of investigating the effects of different concentrations viz. 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3 and 0.5 % of Maleic Hydrazide (MH), foliar sprayed at the rate of 2 litres per 2.4 m², 49 days after sowing (DAS)on growth, yield and bolting of radish. Field experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replications. The MH concentration affected % change in plant height and no. of leaves per plant. Maximum root yield was obtained at 0.25% concentration (44.8 t ha^-1) and minimum at 0.025% MH concentration (26.07 t ha^-1). Bolting was significantly delayed (p<0.05) by increasing MH concentration. 0.25% MH concentration was found superior with respect to inhibitive effect on growth parameters, delayed bolting, highest root yield and B:C ration. The result must be replicated several times for proper validation of the results obtained.

Key words: Late winter, Maleic hydrazide, Growth retardation, Bolting delay.

Full paper in English: PDF