Azhar Ibrahim Shukur*⁽¹⁾ Tariq Zaid Ibrahim ⁽¹⁾ and Sumyia Khalaf Badawi⁽¹⁾

(1). Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul. Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Azhar Ibrahim Shukur. E-Mail:azharibrahim333@gmail.com)

Received: 17/05/2020                               Accepted: 14/08/2020

Abstract

This study was carried out at the laboratories of the Department of Food Science in the College of Agriculture and Forestry and the laboratory of Microbiology in the Department of Life Sciences at the University of Mosul. The aim of the study was the manufacturing  of pasteurized milk fortified with flaxseed and sesame oils at a ratio of 1: 5 as rich sources of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids, respectively. They were added at 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5% to pasteurized milk. This milk was used to manufacture yogurt using a mixture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus as a starter. The fortified milk was also used to produce acidophilus and bifido ferments using Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum as starters, respectively. These ferments were produced separately, and as mixture. A pathogenic strain of E. coli was added.

The results showed that the individual addition of B. bifidum, L. acidophilus, L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus at a percentage of 3% with the oil mixture had no effect on E. coli growth. However, B. bifidum and L. acidophilus had low effect on E. coli. The fortification percent of 3.5% was found to have the highest effect as compared to the other percentages. The results showed that mixing of probiotic bacteria, yoghurt starter and oil mixture with milk had the highest effect on E. coli bacteria.

Key words: Probiotic bacteria, Omega oils, Fortified yoghurt, E. coli.

Full paper in Arabic :PDF

Ibrahim Hamza Yasser Al-Awadi (1) and Nihad Abdul-Lateef
Ali Al-Nadawi * (1)

(1). Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green
University, Iraq.
(*Corrsponding author: Dr. Nihad Abdul-Lateef Ali Al-Nadawi. E-Mail:
adr.nihad@agre.uoqasim.edu.iq).

Received: 22/10/2020 Accepted: 15/11/2020

Abstract

This experiment was conducted at the poultry farm of the college of Agriculture, University of Al-Qasim Green for the period from 26/9/2019 to 8/11/2019. The study was aimed to the effect of adding different levels of Biotin to the diet in the productive performance of Japanese quail exposed to oxidative stress in the experiment, 300 unsexed Japanese quail birds were used. They were raised together until the age of 8 days and then were randomly distributed to 5 treatments with 3 replicates for each treatment (20 birds replicate). The oxidative stress was induced by adding 0.5% H2O2 to drinking water and the experimental treatments were as follows: The first treatment: Negative control treatment is free of any addition. The second treatment: a positive control treatment adding water with H2O2 at just by only 0.5%. The third, fourth and fifth treatment: adding biotin at a concentration of 500, 600 and 700 micrograms / kg feed + water with H2O2 added at a concentration of 0.5%, respectively. The treatment lasted from 8 to 42 days. The results are as follows: A significant improvement (p≤0.05) for the third, fourth and fifth treatments in the average live body weight in the sixth week and the total weight gain compared to the first treatment and the second treatment, As forthe total feed consumption, we notice the first treatment, the third, the fourth and the fifth treatments recorded significantly improvement (p≤0.05) compared to the second treatment, as well as the third, fourth and fifth treatments, Thebest cumulative feed conversion ratio and production index scale, with a significant difference (p≤0.05) compared to the first treatment and the second treatment.

Key words: Biotin, Productive performance, Japanese quail, Oxidative stress

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Bashir Alboshi(1)

(1). Hamah university, Hamah, Syria

(*Corrsponding author: Bashir Alboshi. E-Mail: Bashir-alboshi@hotmail.com).

Received: 07/10/2020 Accepted: 19/10/2019

Abstract

The experiment was carried out using 300 unsexed chicks of a commercial broiler breed available in Syria, breeding started in 1/9/2018. The chicks were distributed into five groups, each consisting of 60 chicks. The chicks of the five groups were subjected to specific methods during the first 24 hours of age as follows: First group chicks which fasting for the first 24 hours and the second group chicks (traditional diet) feeding using technically modified diet (5% gel materials, 50% water and 45% basal diet without adding any food products studied), the third group (glycerin 5%) feeding using technically modified diet with the same composition of the diet in the second group with 5% glycerin, the fourth group (egg powder 5%) feeding using technically modified diet with the same composition of the diet in the second group with 5% egg powder, and the fifth group (glycerin 5% and egg powder 5%) feeding using technically modified diet with the same composition of the diet in the second group with 5% glycerin and 5% egg powder. for 24 h after hatching. After that, all chicks of the five groups were provided with a broiler diet for each age stage until the experiment was completed at the age of 42 days. Results showed a positive significant (P≤0.01) in the live body weight of the chicks of the groups fed technically modified diets at the end of the first week compared with the group chicks that had fasting the first 24 hours of age, while only live body weight in the birds of the second group (control technically modified diet) significantly (p≤0.01) compared to the first group which fasting first 24 hours at the end of the sixth week. The immunological results indicated a significant effect (P≤0.01) in the immunosuppressive antibodies of Newcastle disease in all groups that gave them technically modified diets compared to the first group which fasting first 24 hours of life. In addition, early feeding by using technically modified diets contributed to speed up the immune response of the Newcastle vaccine in chicks compared with chicks that fasting in first 24 hours and thus contribute to the evolution of the immune system in birds.

Keyword: Broiler chicks, Early feeding, Glycerin, Egg powder, Immune system.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Sanaa K. Kadhim(1) and Jihad A. Ahmed*(1)

(1). Department of Pathology and Poultry diseases, Veterinary Medicine College, University of Basrah, Iraq.

(*Corrsponding author: Dr. Jihad Abdulameer Ahmed. E-Mail: jihad.ahmed@uobasrah.edu.iq).

Received: 22/9/2020 Accepted: 15/11/2020

Abstract

This study was conducted to find out the macroscopical and microscopical lesion as well as the pathological lesions, the hematological study, biochemical analysis, the histopathological study and histochemical study of liver abscesses in sheep. A regular visits were done to Al-Basrah abattoir during the period from October 2019 to January 2020 in which routine postmortem examination to slaughtered sheep was carried out. The livers from sheep showing pathological lesions or abnormalities were collected and thoroughly examined. The liver from 70 sheep were collected and thoroughly examined, sixty of them showed gross lesions (from left and right liver equally), other ten were normal in texture and morphology, used as a control. Our hematological results appear a significant (P≤0.05) increment in the total white blood cells counts (18.4±0.76) , lymphocytes counts (7.96±0.31) and neutrophils counts (8.11± 0.16) of ovine liver abscess group when compared to the control group which appear the total white blood cells counts, lymphocytes counts, and neutrophils counts were (11.16±0.47), (6.04±0.2) and (3.61±0.12) respectively. In addition, the results of the biochemical analysis of the study showed significant (P≤0.05) increase of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (48.5±5.4), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (32±1.9), C-Reactive Protein (CRP) (4.37±0.3) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (195.3±1.19) of ovine liver abscess (OLA) group when compared to the control group were showed the ALT (19.0±0.5), AST (21.3±1.8), CRP (1.63±0.1) and LDH (169.3±14.8). The macroscopical results of our study of ovine liver abscess showed the plurality of these affected livers had a solo to multiple abscess formation; therefore, the grossly manifest on their surfaces which purulent material and a tender capsule with necrotic tissues in the central area. Besides, the gross examination revealed significant findings of necrotic cavity with a perceptible fibrous wall were observed in liver and multiple abscesses especially surrounded the biliary canal. The histopathological result of ovine liver abscess revealed a dilation of central vein filled with infiltration of inflammatory cells in the per-portal region, in addition, there are a present of a thick fibrous capsule formation surrounded abscess formation of the liver with inflammatory zone consist mainly polymorphnuclear cells surrounded the abscess capsule of the liver, also a present of large area of abscess formation in the liver parenchyma, which stained also positively in Mallory trichrome stain. The current study concluded that the ovine liver abscesses associated with dangerous increases in the cardinal hematological and biochemical biomarkers as an indicator to the harmful affection of the liver diseased with pyogenic infection.

Key words: Ovine liver abscess (OLA) , Biochemical, Hematology, Pathology.

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Mouhamad AL Masalam* (1) and Abeer Haddad (1)

(1).Directorate of Animal Health -Central Veterinary Laboratories.Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Dr. Mouhammad Al Masalma. E-Mail: almasalma@gmail.com ).

Received: 30/08/2020 Accepted: 15/09/2020

Abstract

Subclinical mastitis is a global problem in dairy farms. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows raised in individual breeding systems by farmers in the Damascus countryside governorate and to isolate and diagnose the causative agents of this infection during the period from the beginning of July 2017 to the end of August 2018. 800 milk samples were collected aseptically from apparently healthy 200 cows. Samples were subjected to California Mastitis Test (CMT) and bacteriological analysis. Subclinical mastitis was found in 65% of cows and in 18.75 % of quarters. Microbiological analysis showed that there was a wide range of organism that cause subclinical mastitis in cows. In total; 153 isolates were identified. Staphylococcus species were the most frequently isolated (52.28%), followed by Streptococcus species (20.91%), then members of Enterobacteriaceae family (15.68%), then fungi (7.17%) and other types of germs (3.93%). The results of the current study showed a high prevalence rate of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows and highlighted the importance of regular screening for subclinical mastitis to detect and treat these cases, in addition to the importance of hygiene, sterilization and improvement of health care conditions in cattle farms.

Keyword: Mastitis, Bacterial culture, California test, Dairy cows.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

AbdulNaser Al-Omar*(1) , Morshid Kassouha(2)

(1)General Commission For Scientific Agricultural Research (GSCAR), Hama Research Center , Syria.

(2). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine- Hama University, Hama, Syria. (*Corrsponding author: Dr. AbdulNaser Al-Omar. E-Mail: abdnaser64@gmail.com).

Received: 24/08/2020 Accepted: 27/09/2020

Abstract

This study was conducted on 320 Camel at Wady Al-atheeb Research Station during the period (2011-2012), where (207) samples of ticks were collected. The camels which did not treated with acaricides were selected randomly and examined clinically to recognize the prevalence of ticks, determining the sex, species effect of seasons, animal age and the positions of ticks intrusion on the animal body. Ticks were determined through morphological characteristics using a stereomicroscope in parasitological laboratory at Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (Hama University) according to standard identification keys. Results showed significant differences (P<0.01), during the seasons of the year where the annual average of tick prevalence was (64.68 %), The higher rates of prevalence were found in spring (95%) and summer(87.5%), whereas the rates were less in autumn (45%) and winter(31.25%). Significant differences (P<0.01) were found according to the groups of camels age, where The higher prevalence rates were in the (6 months to 2 years old (41.54%), then the group between (3–5) years old (37.68%), The lower were in the group of (6-10) years old (20.77%). Results showed that there were five species belonged to one genus of ticks that is called (H. anatolicum exavatum which was the most prevalence with a rate amounted to (%42.40) then H. marginatum marginatum (%22.29), H. impeltatum (%6.06 ), H. lusitanicum (%0.64), whereas the specie H.detritum detritum was the less frequency with a rate amounted to (2.5% ) of total desolation ticks. Insecticides should be applied throughout the year, especially in the seasons in which the ticks infestation increases, in order to eliminate all ticks stages. In addition to taking preventive measures and procedures.

Key words: Prevalence, Ticks, Species, Camels, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Alaa Hasan*(1) and Sheiam Sleyman (1)

(1).Food science department, Faculty of Agriculture,University of Tishreen
Agriculture.
(*Corrsponding author: Alaa Hasan. E-Mail: alaahasan986@hotmail.com).

Received: 20/8/2019 Accepted: 11/10/2019

Abstract

Broiler chicken samples were collected from different markets in Lattakia city in 2016-2017, the total account and groups of bacteria of broiler skin were done. Then the changes in the populations of the groups of bacteria were examined after each of five consecutive washings in mixtures of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and oleic acid (OA), where portions of skin from commercially processed broiler carcasses were washed in distilled water(control) and in mixture (0.5% NaOH – l% OA) by using a laboratory blender to agitate the skin in the solutions. After each wash, skin was transferred to fresh solutions, and washing was repeated to provide samples washed one to five times in each solution. Bacteria in reinstates of the washed skin were enumerated on plate count (PC) agar, Hektoen Enteric Agar, Mackonkey agar,EMB agar, SS agar, Pseudomonas-Cetrimid-Agar, the results showed that no significant differences were observed in numbers of bacteria recovered on PC, or on all other selective medium from skin after repeated washing in water.Repeated washing of skin in (0.5% NaOH – 1% OA) generally produced significant reductions in the number of bacteria recovered on all medium. Furthermore, no gram-negative enteric bacilli or coliform bacteria, in particular E. coli, were recovered from skin washed four times in (0.5% NaOH – 1% OA). Likewise, no Pseudomonas spp. was recovered from skin washed three or more times in this mixture.
Keyword: Oleic acid, NaOH, Broiler skin, Microbial contamination,Coliforms.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Hasan Youssef Hoseen* (1) Tawfik Dalla(1) and Fahim abd al aziz (2)
(1). Animal Production department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tishreen.
(2). Department of biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tartous, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Hasan Hoseen . E-Mail: hasan.husain.628@gmail.com).

Received: 05/07/2019 Accepted: 21/10 /2019

Abstract

This study is aimed to study the effect of addition beans and clover leaves to the diet of layer hens. The selection criteria were: egg shell, weight of the egg yolk color and color of the legs, The research was carried out in the 2016/2017 season within a special camp for raising layer hens in Tartous, The results showed that the use of fodder additive in layer hens feed resulted the thickness of egg shell and weight of the egg compared with the non-additive added to the feed, The treatment of M2 was the best for all studied indicators and with significant differences is the use of feed additives (7% Medicago Sativa), followed by M6 (7% Medicago Sativa+ Vicia Faba). The thickness of shell was 34.26 mm at the M2 treatment. 33.92 mm at M6 compared with non-coefficient M0 30.86 mm. The weight of the egg exceeded the M2 treatment where the average weight of the egg was 65.452g, followed by the treatment M6 with an average weight of the egg 64.526 g, compared to the M0 non-factor 62.696 g, Also, treatment M2 outperformed the rest of the treatments in terms of yolk color, where the proportion of carotene was 20.445 µg /g yolk followed, treatment M6 where the proportion of carotene was 19.848 µ / g yolk compared to the control M0 untreated 18.577 µg /g yolk. As for the color of the legs, the treatment M2 outperformed the rest of the treatments and the degree of discoloration of the legs at 3.5 degrees followed by treatment M6 by 3.3 degrees compared to the untreated witness 2.3 degrees.

Keyword: Hy Line Brown, Clover (Medicago sativa), beans (Vicia faba) thickness of shell, weight of the egg, carotene.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Amani Berawi*⁽¹⁾ Abd Al-Gani Khorchid⁽²⁾ Mahammad Manhal Al-Zoubi⁽³⁾ Ayham Asbah⁽¹⁾ and Saher Al-Bakeer⁽⁴⁾

(1). Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Hama, (GCSAR). Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Soil and Soil Reclamation, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(3). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR). Damascus, Syria.

(5). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Amani Berawi. E-Mail: eng.amani199001@gmail.com).

Received: 13/02/2019                               Accepted: 10/05/2019

Abstract

The experiment was carried out in an olive orchard, Hama Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), during 2016 and 2017 seasons in order to study the effect adding soluble fertilizers on the absorption of nutrients and the productivity of the olive tree (Kaisi cv.) and content of oil in fruits. The trees of the experiment were selected to be homogeneous in growth and age as possible. Soluble fertilizers were added according to the following treatments: S0 (kg/tree), S1 (0.5 kg/tree), S2 (1 kg/tree), S3 (1.5 kg/tree) and S4 (2 kg/tree) in three addition times during the year as follow: the high phosphorus composition in the first phase (from mid-March to the end of April), the balanced composition at the fruit setting and the beginning of fruit growth, and the high potassium composition at the fruit growth until maturity. The experiment was designed according to randomized complete block design, with three replicates for each treatment. The results showed that the greater the amount of soluble fertilizer added higher content of the soil and plant nutrients NPK and became more available to the plant, and the superiority of treatment S3 on the other of treatments in terms of productivity and the absence of a significant difference with the treatment S4 in terms of the oil percentage which reached 20.15%.

Key words: Olive, Soluble fertilizers, Fertigation, Kaisi cultivar.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Bassam Ibrahim Alsayed^*(1) Ahmad Majed Jalloul⁽¹⁾ and Nasr Aziz Shiekh Sleman⁽¹⁾

(1). Horticulture Department,  Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(٭Corresponding author: Eng. Bassam Ibrahim Alsayed. E-mail: bsssa2014@gmail.com).

Received: 03/02/2019                               Accepted: 07/05/2019

Abstract

This investigation was carried out at Ain Aljrn, Al-Ghab, Hama Governorate during the two agricultural seasons 2016 and 2017. The experiment was conducted in an open field. The search aimed to study the effect of the rootstocks of gourd hybrid Shintoza F1 , and  squash (Cucurbita moschata. Duchesne ex Lam) on plant growth, number of fruits and yield of the watermelon hybrids Natasha F1 and Palmeta F1. This experiment included 6 treatments and was laid out according to randomized  complete block design with four replicates. The two hybrids Natasha F1 and Palmeta F1 were grafted on the rootstocks Shintoza F1 and squash (Cucurbita moschata. Duchesne ex Lam). The results showed that  plants of the two hybrids Natasha F1 and Palmeta F1 that were grafted on Shintoza F1, and the squash (Cucurbita moschata. Duchesne ex Lam) were superior to the non-grafted plants. The hybrid Natasha F1 which was grafted on rootstock hybrid Shintoza F1, was superior in stem length of the main plants (235.98 and 235.89 cm/plant, respectively) and the leaf area of the plants (18685.52, 18684.48 cm²/plant, respectively), number of female flowers, number of fruits and total productivity (9.52, 9.06) tons/dunum respectively during the two seasons of the experiment.

Key words: Muskmelon, Grafting, Growth traits, Productivity traits.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF