El Ahmed *⁽¹⁾ and M. K. Nahhal⁾²⁾

(1). Aleppo Agricultural Scientific Research Center, GCSAR, Syria.

2- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria

(*Corrsponding author: M. El Ahmed. E-Mail: mohammed24111984@gmail.com).

Received: 17/11/2019                                Accepted: 08/12/2020

Abstract

Broiler chicken samples were collected from different markets in Lattakia city in 2016-2017, the total account and groups of bacteria of broiler skin were done. Then the changes in the populations of the groups of bacteria were examined after each of five consecutive washings in mixtures of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and oleic acid (OA), where portions of skin from commercially processed broiler carcasses were washed in distilled water (control) and in mixture (0.5% NaOH – l% OA) by using a laboratory blender to agitate the skin in the solutions. After each wash, skin was transferred to fresh solutions, and washing was repeated to provide samples washed one to five times in each solution. Bacteria in reinstates of the washed skin were enumerated on plate count (PC) agar, Hektoen Enteric Agar, Mackonkey agar, EMB agar, SS agar, Pseudomonas-Cetrimid-Agar, the results showed that no significant differences were observed in numbers of bacteria recovered on PC, or on all other selective medium from skin after repeated washing in water. Repeated washing of skin in (0.5% NaOH – 1% OA) generally produced significant reductions in the number of bacteria recovered on all medium. Furthermore, no gram-negative enteric bacilli or coliform bacteria, in particular E. coli, were recovered from skin washed four times in (0.5% NaOH – 1% OA). Likewise, no Pseudomonas spp. was recovered from skin washed three or more times in this mixture.

Keyword: Tomato Leaf Miner, Planting Date, Tomato Varieties

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                          Mais hijazia⁽¹⁾*,Salem Rai ⁽¹⁾and Jamal al ahmad⁽¹⁾

(1).Department of plant protection-Faculty of Agriculture.Tishreen university –Lattakia-Syria

(*Corresponding author:  Mais Hijazia. E-Mail: mais hejazia@gmail.com )

Received: 12/10/2020                     Accepted: 14/11/2020

Abstract

This study was aimed to detect phytoplasma prevalence on some plants host in Syrian coast from 2018 to 2020 through the apparent symptoms that caused, including yellowing ,phyllody, stunting, and witches broom, and by used light microscopy and Diens Stain, in addition to use the symptomatic plants Catharanthus roseus to transmission the pathologic agent. The results showed by using Dien stain and light microscopy on the sections of the infected plants(Pepper, Citrus,Rubus) presence blue regions in the phloem but not seen in the healthy plant and this indicates to presence phytoplasma. The prevalence of phytoplasma was higher in Pepper plant on infection average 13.17% in Lattakia and 11.16% in Tartous, and infection  average on Citrus was 10.59% in Lattakia and 8.9% in Tartous and 6.6% on Rubus in Lattakia.

Keywords: phytoplasma, Syrian Coast, Catharanthus roseus ,Light microscopy

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Hala Al-alagouria⁽¹⁾ Imad Ismail^(1)⁎ Badea Samra⁽²⁾ and Fahd Soheoni⁽³⁾

(1). Department of plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen university, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen university, Lattakia, Syria.

(3). Faculty of Second Agriculture, Aleppo university, Idlep. Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Imad Ismail. E-mail:  imad.ismail@tishreen.edu,sy)

Received: 17/05/2020                                Accepted: 22/06/2020

Abstract

    The field experiment was conducted at an Al-Muturki village in Lattakia Governorate during 2019/2020 growing season to study the effect Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection on the lighter pigments of four hybrids of pepper plants Taline F1, Amani F1, Harek F1 and Marvilo F1 at three times after viral infection 15, 30, 45 days. The experiment was carried out using the randomized complete block design with 8 treatments and 8 replicates per treatment. The results showed that, the viral infection affected the light pigments (chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, total chlorophyll and carotenoids) after 15 days of infection with the virus. The highest effect of the viral infection was 30 days after infection, Where the values ​​of light pigments of the hybrids of infected peppers decreased by significant differences compared to control plants. As for 45 days after infection with the virus, the effect of the viral infection decreased with the age of the plant. On the three dates, the decrease in the values ​​of chlorophyll A was higher than the decrease in the values ​​of chlorophyll B and carotenoids, the decrease in the values ​​of chlorophyll B was higher than the decrease in the values ​​of carotenoids, and the decrease in the values ​​of the light pigments led to a decrease in photosynthesis.                                                                 

Key word: Pepper, Cucumber mosaic virus, Hybrids, Photosynthesis.

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Samir Mahfoud^*(1) and Ghazela Louafi ⁽¹⁾

(1). Plant Protection Department. Centre of Homs. General commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR)- Homs-Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Samir Mahfoud. E-Mail mahfoods69@Gmail.com).

Received: 3/12/2019                                  Accepted: 14/04/2020

Abstract

Vine cultivation is one of the main crops in Syria, especially in Homs region, and due to the spread of diseases threating it; this research aimed to isolation and identification the fungal pathogens associated with grapevine decline,  dieback and death. The field survey was conducted during the period between 2010 and 2014 on 13 orchards distributed in 6 areas in Homs province (Almoukhtaria, Zaidal, Fairouza, Aljaberia, Alrrastan and the fields of Homs Agricultural Research Center), The symptoms and the time of their occurrence were recorded and samples of the trunks and mature cans of the plants showed that symptoms were taken and saved with its data in cold conditions and sent to be saved on the refrigerators of the laboratory of plant pathology of the Agricultural Research Center in Homs until the identification tests. Results revealed that the occurrence of the superficial symptoms began in early June and continued until late October, with two types of symptoms have been distinguished: first type was slow to be observed and characterized by stripe spots between the leaf veins, and second type was severe distinguished by sudden partially or whole plant dusting or death some shoots. The isolation and microscopic tests for pycnidia found on some cane`s surface or on the surface of some fungal colonies cultured in PDA and their microscopic and morphological studying revealed the existence of Botryosphaeria obtusa (Diplodia seriata ) in 62.8% of samples which have been surveyed. In  our knowledge this is the first report confirms the existence of the black dead arm disease on grape vine in Syria

Key words: Grapevine, Black arm, Pathogenicity, Syria.

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                   Mahmoud Hasan⁽¹⁾, Ramez Mohammad⁽²⁾ and Tarek Hasan^{* (1)}

(1). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Nutritive Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Tarek Hasan . E-Mail: whatslove333@gmail.com(

Received: 20/12/2018                                Accepted: 19/02/2020

Abstract

This study showed the positive effect of treating tobacco plants burley variety by Trichoderma fungus Trichoderma harzianum as a stimulator of systemic acquired resistance against tobacco black shank disease caused by Phytophthora parasitica var nicotianae on some physical and chemical qualities of the dry burley leaves, and on the yield (fresh and dry weight) by irrigation and spraying methods. It was clear that best methods was by irrigation which increased the percentage of the apparent density of the dry leaves treated by T. harzianum reached to 40.55% compared with healthy control 26.37%, and the nicotine percentage reached to 1.78% compared by healthy control 1.95% , and gave less percentage of chloride 0.75% compared to healthy control 0.72% which is a positive quality, and increased the percentage of protein to 12.68% and the healthy control 11.43%, there were increased in the non-protein nitrogen (NPN) to 2.23% compared with healthy control 1.75%. The yield increased by treatment with T. harzianum by irrigation method which increased the average of fresh weight of leaves of one plant to 635.12 g compared with healthy control 395.56 g, and increased of the average of dry weight of leaves of one plant to 66.3 g compared with healthy control 41.4 g.

Kay Wards: Apparent Density, Nicotine. Chloride, Dry Weight, Trichoderma harzianum, Burley Tobacco Plant.

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Alaa Afef * ⁽¹⁾,  Ali Nisafi ⁽¹⁾,  Abd alnaser Al-Omar ⁽²⁾ and Sheiam Sulaeman⁽³⁾

(1). Postgraduate Student, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research. Agricultural Research Hama.

(3). Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Syria (*Corrsponding author: Dr.abd alnaser –Al-omar. E-Mail: abdnaser64@gmail.com).

Received: 07/04/2020                                Accepted: 09/06/2020

Abstract: 

301 samples of birds suspected of being infected with Escherichia coli were collected at various broiler farms in the Tartous Governorate during the years 2017,2018 and 2019 to reveal the presence of Escherichia coli, underwent dissection, recorded pathological symptoms and performed bacteriological tests. The results showed that the incidence of Escherichia coli was 52.82% of total samples, 53.1% of heart samples and 57.8% of liver samples, and the incidence rate for poultry in (Amrit, Mishrifah Kahlah, Deir al-Hajar , Ruwais al-Hayek , Mushta al-Helu and Bait al-Khatib respectively (90%,86.2%,84%,70.5%,52.2% and 25%), while the farms in Jditi, Beit Juha, Shabat and Beit Al Sheikh Younis were not registered any infection, as the rate of infection during winter season reached 64.63%, while no infection was recorded during summer season, and the infection  was recorded at all ages, as the rate during the third and fourth week was 59.2%, and at the age of 4 weeks 50.2% and the first and second week 49.7 %. A significant differences were recorded in the different measurements of the carcasses taken from the suspected birds of the two farms located in Amrit and Jditi ,where Jditi farm outperformed the Amrit farm in each of the carcass weight , chest circumference – thigh circumference – chest weight – thigh weight and that in a very high statistical function (P< 0.001). This study necessitates the combination of all health and food care operations, avoiding risk and stress factors, applying health conditions and biosecurity measures to reduce the infection rate to a minimum

Keyword: Escherichia coli , meat chicken farm , carcasses.

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Maya Al-Abdala*⁽¹⁾, Safwan Abou Assaf ⁽¹⁾, Afraa Sallowm⁽²⁾

 (1).Socio Economic Directorate، Swaida Research Center، General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR)، Damascus، Syria.

(2).Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Maya alabdala .E-Mail: ammar.ask89@gmail.com)

Received: 22/06/2020                                Accepted: 8/07/2020

Abstract:

The aim of the research was to estimate the efficiency of broiler meat production in Swaida, using a data envelopment analysis approach, through a questionnaire that targeted poultry owners for a random sample of 50% of the studied population, for the 2018 season, and the results showed: according to the CRS model, the average technical efficiency of broiler poultry in winter cycles was 71%, and only 8% of the sample domestication achieved 100% complete efficiency. And that the average technical competence of poultry in the summer courses was 86%, and that 14% of the sample domesticates achieved full efficiency. as for the VRS model: the average technical efficiency of broiler poultry in winter cycles was 79%, and only 17% of the sample poultry achieved full efficiency. While the average technical efficiency of broiler poultry in the summer session was 88%, and 23% of the sample poultry achieved full efficiency. whereas the se efficiency factor for the winter cycle was 0.9, it is clear that about 82% of the domesticated are subject to the increased return on capacity, while 9% are subject to the stability of the return on capacity, and 10% of the sample domesticated are subject to the decrease in return on capacity. Whereas in the summer operating cycles, the efficiency coefficient was se 0.98, and that about 42% of domestic animals are subject to the increased return on capacity, 19% are subject to stability of return on capacity, and 39% of sample domesticities are subject to decreasing return on capacity. The results also showed a surplus in all production inputs (chicks, bedding, water, coal, and feed) in the summer operating cycle, and the surplus cost for these entries was 5495.73 SP, 4659.3 SP, 16267.46 SP, 38458.52 SP, 98647.71 SP, respectively. in the winter employment cycle: there was also a surplus in all production inputs, and the surplus cost for these inputs was 25624.2 SP, 19000.34 SP, 6171.69 SP, 120253.7 SP, 98090.18 Sp, respectively.

Key Words: Data Envelope Analysis, Technical Efficiency, SE Efficiency, CRS, VRS.

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Mahasen Tawaklna ⁽¹⁾, Safaa Sabbouh⁽²⁾, Wael Mtawj⁽²⁾ and Ammar Askarieh^*(2)

(1). Administration of Horticulture Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Ammar Askarieh. E-Mail: ammar.ask89@gmail.com )

Received: 28/06/2020                                Accepted: 17/08/2020

Abstract

The research was carried out during the two years (2018-2019), 27 types of pecan nuts scattered in different locations of Lattakia were identified, the studied type’s fruits were collected at full maturity and the seeds were extracted from them, for determining the percentage of protein and oil. The percentage of protein was calculated using the Kildahl method and the percentage of oil using the soxhlet device, the data were subjected to the Duncan test using the Genstat-12 statistical analysis program and the averages were compared at 5% level of significance. The results showed that the protein ratio ranged between 6.84% in type 23 seeds and 32.4% in type 10 seeds  which significantly outperformed the rest of the models, and the fat percentage ranged between 49.09% in type10 seeds , and 83.1% in type 8 seeds  which significantly exceeded The rest of the models, it was noted that the correlation between oil percentage and protein percentage in the studied pecan types seeds is an inverse correlation relationship with a correlation coefficient (- 0.73), We recommend to propagated and plant the distinct types in farmer fields, to improve quantity and quality.

Keywords: pecan nuts, oil, protein, Syria.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Yousef mohammad ⁽¹⁾,  Rabie zaineh⁽¹⁾ and  Muhammad zalikha*⁽¹⁾

 (1)- Faculity of Agriculture, Tishreen University, lattakia, Syria..  

 (2)- GCSAR, Lattakia, Syria

  (*Corrsponding author: Muhammad zalikha. E-Mail:  majdkhidr@gmail.com)

Received: 16/11/2019                           Accepted: 11/02/2020

Abstract

The research was conducted at Al-Sanobr Agriculture Research Station (Lattakia /Syria)during the growing season 2017. The aim of the  research is to study the effect of irrigation levels on some morphysiological and quality characteristics of Arachis hypogaea L. Using two cultivars of  Arachis hypogaea L (Sory1 and Sory2) and threeirrigation levels (100 – 80 – 60 % of waterrequirements).The Split Plot Design was used with three replicates, where the irrigation levels occupied the main plots while thecultivarsoccupied split plots.The water requirement was determined using Penman Monteith during through growing season (6702 m³/ha). The results indicated that irrigation level (100% of water requirement) had significant superiority compared on all other irrigation levels (60 % of water requirement) in leaf area (8568 – 7389 cm²/plant respectively), harvest index (19.8 – 14.41 % respectively), plant high (40.46 – 30.86 cm respectively) and oil percentage (42.68 – 38.14 % respectively), while the lowest irrigation level (60% of water requirement) had significant increase on irrigation level (100 % of water requirement) in protein percentage (22.21 – 21.51 % respectively). The cultivar Sory1 had significant increase on the cultivar Sory2 in harvest index and plant height, where there is no significant deference between the two types in leave area, protein and oil percentage.

Keyword: Arachis hypogaeaL, Irrigation Levels, Sory1, Sory2,
 Morphysiological Quality Characteristics.

^{Full paper in Arabic: PDF}

                                 Ahmad Al Jouma⁽¹⁾ and Jamila Dirbas*⁽¹⁾

 (1)- Cotton Research Administration, Aleppo, Syria.  

 (*Corrsponding author: Jamila Dirbas. E-Mail:  jamila.dirbas@gmail.com(

Received: 10/05/2020                                Accepted: 23/06/2020

Abstract

The experiment was conducted at Hama Center for Scientific Agricultural Research during 2018 and 2019 seasons according to randomized complete block design with three replication. This research objected to study combining ability for earliness indicators of F₁ hybrids resulted from half diallel program of twelve parents of upland cotton. Analysis of variance referred to significant differences among the genotypes for all characters. The percentages of δ²GCA/δ²SCA were more than one for all traits except node number to first sympodia brunch that indicated to addictive gene effect, whereas non addictive gene controlled to inheritance of node number to first sympodia. Parent Aleppo 124 was the best general combiner to days to first flowering and days to first boll (-4.51^*) (-7.98^*) respectively, while, parent Aleppo 118 to node number to first sympodia (-0.58^*) and parent Fantum to earliness %. Subsequently, it can be entered to breeding programs for improvement of these traits. Hybrid (Millinium x Cherpan 432) had the best SCA for days to first flowering (-5.37^*), hybrid (Fantum x Lider) days to first boll (-8.64^*) and hybrid (Millinium x Lider) to earliness % (32.78^*) therefor, it can be used in breeding programs for exploiting hybrid vigor. Hybrids had non-significant SCA that resulted from general combiner parents can be used to get distinct genetic combinations at late segregating generations.

Keyword:  cotton, combining ability, earliness, half diallel.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF