Ola Salman^*(1) ,  Atia Arab⁽¹⁾, Mohammad Ahmad⁽²⁾ , Yosef Wajhani ⁽³⁾  and Osama Mohra⁽³⁾   

• Agricultural Scientific Research Center – Lattakia – Syria
• Faculty of Agriculture – Tishreen University – Lattakia – Syria
• General Commission For Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Ola Salman. E-Mail: olasalman1993@gmail.com).

Received: 21/05/2020        Accepted: 28/06/2020

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Earias insulana (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) in the Syrian coast, and assessing the susceptibility of some local genotypes (14 genotypes) and two commercial varieties to the insect under field conditions at the Center for Scientific Agricultural Research in Lattakia (Bouka) According to the design of complete random sectors and four repeaters per genotype, during 2018 season. The findings showed prevalence of spiny bollworms in the coastal region, ranged from 5 to 800 m above sea level, under irrigated and rainfed conditions. The average of infestation rate was between 3.6% and 30.7% in lattakia, and between 2.7% to 38.8% in Tartous. The results showed that all tested genotypes were susceptible to spiny bollworm. The lowest incidence of spiny bollworm on fruit at tendering maturity was 12.78% on the fruits of genotype (12188) and the highest incidence attained (19.52%) on the fruits of genotype (10974) during the months of June, July, August and September. During the physiological maturity the percentage of the infected fruits at the end of the season during the month of October ranged from (57.44%) to (91.36%). The results also showed that the highest injury intensity was (2.4 larva/fruit) on the fruits of the French variety, while the lowest severity of injury was (1.1 larva/fruit) on the fruits of the genotype (10374) . The loss of seed weight ranged from 45.75% in the genotype 11353 to 72.25% in the genotype 10521.

Key words: Earias insulana (Boisd.), Okra, Spiny bollworm, Coastal area, Syria.

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Ziad Al-Eisa ^(1)*, Mohammad Nayef Alsalty ⁽²⁾, Ahmad Algomaa⁽¹⁾ and Moneer Alnabhan⁽³⁾

• Cotton Administration Research, Aleppo, Syria.
• Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.
• Agricultural Research Centre in Hama, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Hama, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Zaid Al-Esia Email: ziadissa989@gmail.com)

Received: 8/07/2020          Accepted: 13/09/2020

Abstract:

Cotton aphids consider important due excreting honeydew and its negative side effects on cotton lint which reduce its quality and economic value, and in cases of outbreaks can improve  resistance to chemical pesticides which is used in control, Biocontrol considers alternative method to chemical pesticides and useful method in controlling insects and acari, survey of entomopathogenic fungi to cotton aphids A. gossypii was conduct in AL-Gab countryside/Hama district in the season 2018 by collecting infected leaves, surface sterilization to dyed insects was conduct by (Lacey and Brooks,1997) methods, those insect moved to Petri dishes contains PDA(Potato dextrose agar) medium, then those dishes were incubated on 22±2 °C until the surficial fungal growth on sterilized insects appeared , then an abrasive from the surficial fungal growth were taken to new petri dishes contain SDYA_1/4 medium, the fungal strains were purified and identified by using manual which described by )Humber, 1997(, The effectivity of the isolated strain from cotton aphids A. gossypii was confirmed in initial experiment; The effects on life cycle of cotton aphids A. gossypii   of the strain ASP from Aspergillus sp. Fungi and GHA strain from B.bassiana fungi was achieved with four different concentrations 5×10⁵, 5×10⁶, 5×10⁷ , 5×10⁸ conidia /ml of each strain throw spraying the nymphs which were collected from infected fields by the fungal spore suspension whereas control treatment sprayed by distilled water in the same way. The results showed that the strain is from Aspergillus genus, and from the initial experiment was found that the dyed insect which appeared on them the fungal growth of the tow strains ASP and GHA after surface sterilization reached 95% and 74.41% respectively, which confirm that is the isolated strain is entomopathogenic fungi on cotton aphids. The value of lethal dose 50(LD₅₀) for the ASP, GHA strains was 1.297׳10,10⁸x 3.963 conidia /ml respectively, and the lethal time50(LT₅₀) was for ASP, GHA strains 3 and 8.693 days respectively, which lead to that is ASP strain promise strain in IPM programs of cotton aphids.

Keywords: Aspergillus, cotton aphids, Entomopathogeneic fungi, LC50, LT50.

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Ali Kanjo(1), Jamil Abbas(1), Rabiaa Zaini (2) and Neven Hasson(1)*
(1) Faculty of Agriculture. Tishreen University, Latakia. Syria.
(2) Agricultural Research Centre in Latakia, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Latakia, Syria
(*Corresponding author: Eng. Neven Hasson Email: nevenhassoon80@gmail.com)
Received: 11/03/2020 Accepted: 21/06/2020
Abstract
The research was conducted at Sit Kheris Agricultural Station in Latakia Agricultural Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) in Syria, during the season 2019 in the Kiwi orchard. Three levels of drip irrigation were applied (70, 80, and 90%) of the total water requirement of plant in addition to the control (100%). The experiment executed according toRandomized Complete Block Design (RCED) with three replicates. in order to study the of water use fficiency, water consumption and scheduling irrigation, in addition to study of the effect of drip irrigation treatments on some of production characteristics of kiwi fruits. Irrigation treatments differed in their effects on the productive properties of kiwi fruits, Where the treatment 100% surpassed the other treatment in terms of diameter4.46 cm, length 6.76 cm and weight of the fruit 78.15 g, in addition to the percentage of fruit moisture 78.54%, while the treatment excelled 70% in terms of the ratio dry matter 22.3%, acids 0.59, sugars 15.05%, soluble solids 18.1%. As for the treatment, 80% outperformed in terms of water use efficiency, which amounted to 2 kg / m3, and for the average tree productivity, all treatments (80 – 90 – 100%) outperformed the treatment by 70% (9.67- 10.67- 10.3- 8.33) respectively.
Key words: Kiwi, Drip irrigation, Water requirements, Irrigation water use efficiency

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Mohannad Al-Ghajar ^{(1) *}

• of Soil and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of AL- Furat, Deir al- Ezzor,Syria .

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mohannad Al-ghajar Email: mohanadghajar@ gmail.com

Received: 2/09/2020          Accepted: 19/10/2020

Abstract

Field experiment was conducted on wheat (Cham 6 variety) for the planting season 2018/2019 in a special field at the town of Safira –  Aleppo Governorate. To study and diagnosis the nutritional status of the wheat plant and Determination the data system Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated (DRIS) system. The experiment consisted of 27 treatments with three levels of nitrogen (N0, N75, N150) kg/hec in the form of urea(N 46%) , phosphorus (P0, P40, P80) kg/hec in the form of( P2O5 45%) and potassium (K0, K20, K40) kg/hec in the form of( K2O 50%) and with three replications for each treatment. The results showed that there is a clear link between the DRIS system indicators and the physiological balance of the three elements (NPK) in grain on the one hand with the production quantity on the other, and the best balance of physiological (NPK ) was agreed with the treatment(N2P2K2) which gave (4525 kg /he), standard values of the wheat were determined according to the study of the ratios n /p , n/k and k/p  (15.01، 1.39، 10.76 ), C.V= )4.90 ، 4.05 ، 4.70 ) respectively.

Keywords: NPK, system diagnosis and recommendation integrated DRIS,wheat.
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Marina al Ali ^(1)* and Jamil Abass⁽²⁾,

(1) Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform.Damascus, Syria.

(2) Soil and Water Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University. Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Marina al Ali. Email: marinaalali@tishreen.edu.sy)

Received: 10/10/2020                                Accepted: 19/10/2020

Abstract:

This study was conducted in the nursery of the Faculty of Agriculture (Tishreen University). The divided Spunta potato tubers were planted in the belly of the furrow with a spacing of 30 cm between the tuber and the other and the spacing between lines is 70 cm on 02/23/2020 and the surface irrigation method by furrow was used with well-control. The experiment land was divided into 3 equal parts, and each section had a treatment and each transaction has 4 duplicates (4 lines): 1- Rainfed agriculture (without adding any irrigation: the control without irrigation), 2- Treatment of 100% of the water need, i.e. rain + supplementary irrigation, 3- At 80% of the water need, i.e. rain + supplementray irrigation. The waterings were given at 80% of the field capacity. in order to increase the water use efficiency for producing potato crops by using supplementary irrigation. The results showed by comparing the Water Use Efficiency (WUE) in the three cases that The WUE was 14.61 kg/m³/ha (the first treatment), 36.49 kg/m³/ha (the second treatment), 51.91 kg/m³/ha (the third treatment), where water productivity doubled by 2.5 times (the second treatment) and by 3.5 times (the third treatment). Concerning the yield of tubers, the results showed that the third treatment represented the maximum production (6.6 kg/m²) and better than the second treatment (5.8 kg/m²), while the first treatment had a much lower production (4.3 kg/m²) according to the ANOVA test at the significance level of 5%, which means that potatoes can be produce on the Syrian coast without the need for irrigation but with little cost-effectiveness. Therefore, we recommend supplementary irrigationin order to develop agricultural production in terms of quantity and quality, which will be positively reflected for potato farmers. The good control of the irrigation method showed an efficiency of 75%, which is very close to the efficiency of sprinkler and drip irrigation, depending on the irrigation scheduling program and the amount of water added at 80% of the water need and adding irrigation at 80% of the field capacity

Key words: Ppotato, Yield, Furrow irrigation, Supplementary irrigation, Water use efficiency.

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Qasim Al-Faraj^(1)*

• Department of Soil and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Agriculture, Al Furat University, Deir al- Ezzor,Syria .

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Qasim al-faraj E-Mail: d.kahsmfaraj@gmail.com).

Received: 28/04/2020                                Accepted: 8/07/2020

Abstract

A pots experiment, carried out in (summer 2019) at the Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Euphrates to study the effect of limestone soil on the decomposition of sulfur and its availability in relation to various additives of agricultural sulfur 100 mg / kg soil 300 mg / kg soil – 400 mg / kg of soil and add organic matter Calculated based on (1.5% of organic carbon), the experiment was performed as universal within a completely randomized design, with three replicates, for a duration of / 30 days. The amount of carbon dioxide released was measured over 30 days, and over three periods. The study showed the negative effect of calcium carbonate on the emission of carbon dioxide in the soil that contains a high percentage of calcium carbonate (23.2%) and reached (258.5 mg CO2 100 / g of soil / day). It was also found that sulfur did not show a positive effect on the decomposition of the organic matter in the soil of the experiment, but it was the largest role in the production of carbon dioxide for the organic matter. There were no statistically significant differences between carbon additives in their effect on the decomposition of organic matter. Instead, the effect of sulfur was reflected on some chemical properties, such as the pH of the soil reaction, as there was a significant effect of agricultural sulfur levels with organic matter on reducing the pH by 10.9%, as well as on the degree of electrical conductivity in addition to increasing the sulfur concentration (available) In the soil

Key words: Calcareous soil – Organic matter – Agricultural sulfur – Available sulfur

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Ghassan Naaseh ^(1)*, Fadwa Kilo ⁽²⁾ and Saleh Kbali ⁽³⁾

(1) Directorate of Crops, Agricultural Research Center in Latakia, Latakia, Syria.

(2) Directorate of Agriculture in Latakia Latakia, Syria.

(3) Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Ghasan naaseh.E-Mail: naaseh8@gmail.com).

Received: 10/08/2020                                Accepted: 15/09/2020

Abstract  

The research was carried out at the Center for Agricultural Scientific Research in Latakia during the 2016 and 2017 seasons; the plant material included 23 genotypes of sesame in the fourth generation. in order to study the differen characteristics of the studied genotypest to elect the best and adopt them later as new varieties select or to introduce them into breeding programs. The results of the research showed that there were significant differences between the sesame genotypes, the genotypes (17) significant superior to the average height of the plant (172.5 cm) over the rest of the genotypes, as well as the number of branches/plant (4.22 branches/plant), as well as the genotypes 17 recorded highest value for the number of capsules (163.6 capsules) and capsule length (4.33 cm) and capsule yields (8843 kg/h). the genotypes 2 recorded the highest weight (4.99 g), while the 19th genotypes was characterized by the highest seed yield (2791.58 kg/h), followed by genotypes 17 (2663.16 kg/h (20-6-15-12-7-13) also excelled. The net yield ratio was (70.8%) for the genotypes (14) whichsigfnificantly outperformed the rest of the genotypes. The genotype (16) also recorded the highest protein percentage (30.08%), and the two genotypes 9 and 6 outperformed in oil percentages (55.75, 55.22%).compared to the rest of the genotypes. A positive significant correlation has bee found between seed yields, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of capsules, capsule length, capsule yield, and net yield ratio, so it can be done yield selection through its aforementioned components. A positive significant correlation was also observed between oil percentage, and protein the number of branches, yield of capsules, length of capsule, and number of capsules, while a negative correlation was found between oil percentage and net yield ratio. The selection for number of capsules increases seed yields so it is considered the best way to increase oil percentage.

Keywords: seed yields, sesame genotypes, high plant, oil percentage, Quality traits.

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Hussam Khalasi⁽¹⁾and Mohamed Abd elaziz ⁽¹⁾   Lubna Barhom^*(1)

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University,

Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. lubna barhom. E-Mail:

lubna barhom@gmail.com)

Received: 7/03/2020                                  Accepted: 19/07/2020

Abstract

The research was carried out during the agricultural season (2019-2018) in a field within the Dreikish area in Tartous Governorate, to evaluate the performance of some strains of soft wheat: ACSAD 1256, Doma 58847, Doma 58585, Doma 64453, ACSADA 1149, and two certified varieties Doma4, Doma2 under stress drought based on some morpho (plant height and spike length)-physiological(leaf flat and chlorophyll leaf content) in stage 45Z (15 days before flowering) and the proline leaf content in stage 70Z ( 15 days before maturity) traits, which are genetically associated with increased grain yield and improved drought tolerance in stage the70Z). The cultivation took place in a pot, and the experiment was designed using Completely Randomized Designe CRD, with three replications.Drought stress negatively affected the studied indicators, as the content of chlorophyll in leaves decreased, the leaf surface area, plant height, spike length and number of grains per spike, while the leaf content of proline  increased in stressful conditions compared to the control. The genotypes studied varied in their response to stress, as the strain DOMA 64453achieved the lowest rates of decline in the leaf content of chlorophyll, plant height and weight of 1000s, while the variety Doma 2 achieved the lowest rates in the decline of the area of the leaf surface, while the strain showed 1256 the highest decline rates in height The plant and the weight of 1000s, although they achieved the lowest rate of decline in the average number of grains per spike. In general, the strain 1256 showed the best traits under the conditions of the control, but the average weight of  1000s decrease in stressful conditions with a high rate there was a significant      decrease in the average values of the studied indicators for all genotypes in stress treatment compared to the control, which came as follows: (-22.87)% for the leaf content of chlorophyll and (-27.90)% in the average values for the leaf surface, and (- 14.39)% for the mean the number of grain  per spike s values, and (-10.29%) of the average plant height values, compared to a significant increase in the leaf content of proline (+ 29.67)%. Also, significant differences were observed in the weight of 1000s (-3.33)%, and  spike height (+0.27).     Research recommends     Re-study the ACSAD 1256 strain to see its reactions to dehydration in all stages of development. And the continuation of the study on strain DOMA 64453, which achieved the lowest rate of decline in the weight of a thousand tablets under field conditions because it is one of the promising strains as tolerant to drought                                                                                       

Key words:  wheat, drought stress, morphophysiology and productivity traits.       

Full paper in Arabic: PDF                                  

Nasser Ibrahem. ^{(1) (2)*}, Mohamud Abd-Alaziz  ⁽³⁾ and Yahua Mohamad⁽³⁾

• General Organization of Remote Sensing, Damascus, Syria.
• Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University,

Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Nasser Ibrahem E-Mail: nibrahem345@gmail.com)

Received: 4/07/2020                                  Accepted: 17/08/2020

Abstract

This research is based on the use of remote sensing through spectroradiometric devices in studying the spectral signature (within the wavelength range 350-2500 nanometers at every 1 nm) of the coriander plants that treated with different concentrations of bread yeast (0, 2, 4 and 6%) during three sprinkle times (42, 56 and 71 day from planting of season 2019) in Al-Safsafah region of Tartous. Then the productivity was estimated at any growth stage depending on spectral mathematical models derived from the spectral reflectance values ​​that recorded during the growth stages. The spectral models were tested among them for the yield estimate. The results showed that the spectral reflectance values ​​of the plants sprayed with yeast at the concentration of 6% were the highest in the near and far infrared range (700-1300 nm) and in the green range (475 -510 nm), while reflectance in the red range (670 nm) is the lowest. Then, the spectral reflectance values ​​of the plants treated with the lower concentrations decreased from 4% to 2% and then the control in the near and far infrared ranges and the visible green, while the reflectance in the red range increased starting from the control to the highest spray concentration (6%). The increment in the number of spray had maintained the curve of spectral reflectance values that ​​recorded within each concentration for longer period, but with the low reflectance rate within each spectral range, with the age of the crop. So, the increase of the number of times during growth stages led to vigor extension of plant tissues and therefor more yield. The spectral models of one or/and multi-stages had been developed and tested for yield prediction. The best model was  the spectral difference index (NR) model depending on multi-stages values of (NR) associated with 42, 56 and 71 days after sowing. The spectral mathematical modeling process of multivariate stages showed the changes resulting from the interaction of the agricultural conditions with the climate factors experienced by the plant during the growth stages on the productivity, so the results suggested to use the spectral multi-stages data of remote sensing in yield predicting models.

Keywords: Spectral modeling, Spectral difference index, Bread yeast, Coriander, Productivity.

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Irfan Aswad Al-Hamd^(1)* and Abdul Razzaq Jarbu ⁽²⁾

(1) Department of Soil and Land Reclamation – Faculty of Agriculture at Deir Ezzor – AlFurat University, Deir al- Ezzor,Syria .

(2) Department of Soil and Land Reclamation – Faculty of Agriculture at al-Hasaka – Al-Furat University, Al-Hasaka, Syria .

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Irfan Aswad Al-Hamd E-Mail: orfan.alhmad@gmail.com)

Received: 29/05/2020                                Accepted: 5/07/2020

Abstract:

To investigate the effect of irrigation water quality and nitrogen fertilization levels (0, 80, 160, 240) kg N / ha (urea, N, 46%) on soil salinity, and the concentration of some cations and anions in the saturated pulp extract. A pot experiment was carried out using heavy soil and put (5 kg soil / pot , 80 kg P2O5 / ha (calcium triphosphate (P2O5, 46%) and 80 kg K2O / ha (K2O, 50%) potassium) (RCBD) was used with three replicates  (10) seeds were planted and thinned to (5) wheat plants in each pot after germination. The hight tge wheat plant and the dry weight productivity of the wheat pgant (CV . Sham-6) : Increasing the degree of electrical conductivity by increasing the salinity of irrigation water, and the concentration of sodium, chlorine and bicarbonate in the soil, while there was a decrease in the degree of soil reaction. The addition of nitrogen fertilizers reduced the degree of electrical conductivity, the degree of soil interaction and the concentration of chlorine and bicarbonates, while significantly increasing the concentration of sodium in the soil. The interference also led to a significant decrease in the concentrations of chlorine and bicarbonate. Decreasing the plant height and the productivity of the dry matter in the treatment of saline water irrigation, and the characteristic of the plant height increased by increasing the level of nitrogen fertilization, and the highest plant height and productivity of the dry matter in the treatment of interference (WfN3) were achieved. The lowest plant height and dry matter yield in an interference treatment (WdN0).

Key words: irrigation water quality, nitrogen fertilizer, dry matter productivity

Full paper in Arabic: PDF