Ali Al-haj Akeel^(1)*, Muhammad Nour Al-dean Al-tenbi⁽¹⁾ and Youssef  Khoudary⁽²⁾

(1). Rural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo.

(2).  Soil Reclamation Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo.

(*Corresponding author: Ali Al-haj Akeel. E-Mail: ali.hagaqil@gmail.com).

Received: 25/02 /2021                         Accepted: 20/04/2021

Abstract

The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of different roller shapes (smooth, sharp discs, serrated discs, reciprocating discs) on loam soil physical characteristic and the productivity of lentil yield. An Experiment conducted at village of Tarhine, in the Al-Urimah area in the governorate of Aleppo, bypassing the rollers over the soil after planting in its various forms, and then comparing it with the treatment of control. The results showed that all forms of roller worked to increase the bulk density value and reduce the porosity value, in contrast to the disc roller treatment that reduced bulk density and increased porosity, as well as all forms of roller worked to reduce the value of soil moisture content, compared with the control treatment. Also, all shapes increased the resistance to soil penetration in different percentage compared to the control, and the highest was in the smooth roller and the lowest in the disc roller. Among the indicators of the ability of the soil to retain water after irrigation, the building factor, the percentage of germination and the productivity of the lentil crop. These indicators were the highest in the treatment of reciprocating roller, while the smooth roller treatment gave the lowest values ​​for these indicators.

Keywords: roller, bulk density, porosity, Physical Properties.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Zeinab Hasso ^{* (1)}, Maher Yousef ⁽¹⁾ and Nerouz Ferdawi ⁽¹⁾

(1). Dept. of economic, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Zeinab Hasso. E-Mail: zeinabhasso1992@gmail.com).

Received    21 / 12 / 2020               Accepted    24/02/2021                         

Abstract

The aim of the research is to analyze the risk in the layer Poultry Farms of eggs in the governorate Aleppo, using the uncertainty (CE) method through the estimation of the functions of each breeder of the layer poultry breeders in the studied governorate, and use the coefficient pratt to see the desire of the producer towards risk, and use multiple linear regression model to analyze the relationship between the risk factor (dependent factory), and some of the socio-economic characteristics of the farms (independent factors). Search adopted in the implementation of the initial data for a sample of Poultry egg were chosen in a manner stratified random sample, and the volume of the sample (16) breeders. The results of that analysis (43.76%,31.25%,25%), educators were neutral towards risk, do not want to risk, they want to risk, based on that, all the breeders were taken, in order to estimate the benefit function and risk factor for each breeder the results of applying the multiple linear regression model that the experience factors and the number of birds positively affect the risk factor, and the number of individuals and the area of domesticated animals negatively affect the risk and affect the dependent factors Y of (78%), and (22%) of the effect is due to other factors has not been studied.

Keywords: Egg Producers -Social Characteristics -Economic Characteristics -The Risk -Aleppo Governorate.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ali Yousif ⁽¹⁾,Ghiath Alloush *⁽²⁾ and Ahmad Jaloul ⁽¹⁾

 (1). Department of Hoticulture- Faculty of Agriculture- Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Soil and Water Sciences- Faculty of Agriculture- Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author, Dr. Ghiath Ahmad Aloush, E-Mail. galloush@scs-net.org)

Received 9/12/2020                  Accepted:  23/03/2021

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the tolerance of four tomato hybrid to salinity (Shanon, Merel, Julnar, and Astona) widely grown in greenhouses to salinity (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 mM NaCl) grown in nutrient solutions. Shanon hybrid had a higher shoot growth in non-saline nutrient solution (control treatment) by 10, 48, 85% compared to Astona, Julnar, and Merel, respectively. Shoot growth decreased gradually with increasing NaCl concentrations in the nutrient solutions. There were differences among tomato hybrid in their salinity critical level in which 50% of the growth is decreased. Shanon had greater shoots compared to other tomato hybrid in all applied salinity levels. Salinity influenced roots which became stunted, thick and easy to break at 75 mM NaCl, and became slobby when NaCl reached 150 mM in the nutrient solution. Root systems were reduced by 71, 46, 67, and 56% at 150mM NaCl treatments for Astona, Julnar, Merel and Shanon compared to control in which no salinity was induced. Shanon had a long root system (136 m/plant) in the control treatment compared to 113, 90, and 77 for Astona, julnar, and Merel respectively. Root growth was reduced by salinity in all hybrids right from 25 mM NaCl, but however Shanon remains with the highest root length at all applied salinity levels. Shanon root system showed a higher efficiency to absorb nutrients and nutrient translocation to the shoots for most nutrients when compared to Merel, Julnar, and Astona. All inflow rates and specific accumulation rated in the shoots were reduced gradually with increasing salinity up to 150mM NaCl in the nutrient solutions. The critical salinity level (50% reduction) varies among tomato hybrid, 50 mM NaCl for Merel and Astona, 75 mM for Julnar, and 100 mM NaCl for Shanon.

Key words: tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), salinity, nutrient uptake, hydroponic culture, greenhouse.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Faten alsafadi*⁽¹⁾, Hesham Alatwani⁽¹⁾, Abdel Mohsen Marie⁽²⁾ and Ramzi Murshid⁽³⁾  

(1). Sweida Research Centre -General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria.

 (2). Administration of Horticulture Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(3). Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author:Dr. Faten alsafadi, E.mail:  .f.alsafadi@gmail.com.)

Received: 19/01/2021                                 Accepted: 25/03/2021

Abstract:

This study was conducted at GCSAR-Swaida research center (Hout station) during the season 2018-2019, to evaluate six melon inbred lines P1(104)، P2(106)، P3(108)، P4(113)، P5(116) and P6 (118) and their 30 F₁ hybrids produced by complete diallel mating design, using RCBD with four replications. for estimate the general combining ability (GCA) effects for each parents, and the specific combining ability (SCA) for hybrids and their reciprocal, in addition to evaluate the broad and narrow sense heritability for some fruit quality traits of melon (fruit pulp thickness, dry matter, total soluble solids, total sugar, monosaccharaides, disaccharides, carotenoids, vitamin C).  The variance of GCA and SCA were significant for all studied traits, indicating the importance of additive and non-additive effects in the inheritance of these traits. The parent P5(116) showed positively significant and desirable general combining ability effects for the traits of carotenoids and sweetness of the fruits, and the parent P4(113) for the traits of the total sugars and disaccharides. The hybrids P1×P6, P2×P3 and P2×P4 showed positive specific combining ability effects for monosaccharaides, and the hybrids P1×P2 and P2×P5 for total sugars and monosaccharaides, and the hybrids P3×P5,P4×P5 and P5×P6 for disaccharides, and P1×P5 hybrid for the fruit content of carotenoids, and P1×P4 and P2×P3 hybrids for the fruit content of vitamin C, and four hybrids showed positively significant reciprocal effects for dry matter trait. The GCA/SCA showed that the non-additive gene action effects controlled the inheritance of all studied traits. The Estimates of the broad sense heritability was high in all traits. While the narrow sense heritability was an intermediate estimate for fruit content of carotenoids and total soluble solids.

Keyword: Combining Ability, Heritability, Melon, total sugar.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf 

Sally Abo Akel⁽¹⁾, Walid Naffaa^(2)*,  and Mohammed Jamal Mando⁽¹⁾

(1). Plant Protection Research Admin., General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Damascus University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:Dr. Walid Naffaa. E-mail:  walid1851966@yahoo.com )

Received: 14/04/2021                                 Accepted: 10/05/2021

Abstract

Potato Solanum tuberosum L. is one of the most important food and industrial crops worldwide. Black scurf, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. [teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris (A.B. Frank) Donk], is an important disease associated with potato cultivation worldwide including Syria. Nineteen isolates of R. solani were obtained from sclerotia formed on infected potato tubers, collected from fields in Homs and Aleppo governorates during the spring season (February, March, & April), and from fields in Damascus countryside (Sa`sa) and Daraa governorates during the summer season (August, & September) in 2018-2019. The isolates varied in their morphological characteristics (colony colour and appearance), ability to form sclerotia, colour of sclerotia and where they were placed on the plate. The molecular study, using a pair of specific primers (ITS4-B / AG3-1F) for R. solani (AG3) detection, and another pair of specific primers (Rs2R1 / Rs1F2) for AG3-PT detection, showed that 78.95% of R. solani isolates belonged to the sub-group AG3- PT, except the isolates Rh4, Rh12, Rh14, Rh19 (21.05 %) that might belong to one or more of the non-AG3 anastomosis groups infecting potatoes. Up to our knowledge, this is the first study in Syria for the molecular detection of R. solani anastomosis groups.

Key words: Rhizoctonia, anastomosis groups, black scurf, potato, molecular identification.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hala Al-alagouria^(1)* Imad Ismail⁽¹⁾ Badea Samra⁽²⁾ and Fahd Soheoni⁽³⁾

(1). Department of plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen university, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen university, Lattakia, Syria.

(3). Faculty of Second Agriculture, Aleppo university, Idlep. Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Hla Alajouria. E-mail:  hlaalajouria1986@gmail.com)

Received: 21/01/2021                                 Accepted: 20/04/2021

Abstract

The field experiment was conducted at an Al-Muturki village in Lattakia Governorate, during 2019/2020 growing season in the autumn knot and the experiment was repeated in the spring loop to study the effect Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection on indicators of vegetative growth of four hybrids of pepper plants Taline F1, Amani F1, Harek F1 and Marvilo F1 at three times after viral infection 15, 30, 45 days. The experiment was carried out using the randomized complete block design with 8 treatments and 4 replicates per treatment. The results showed in autumn and spring planting that, the symptoms of infection with Cucumbr mosaic virus appeared on all hybrids of peppers, infected with the virus, the severity of the symptoms varied on hybrids after 15, 30, 45 days after infection. Infection with Cucumber mosaic virus affected on the vegetative growth indicators (apparent symptoms, the number of leaves, number of branches and plant height) after 15 days of viral infection, the highest effect of the viral infection was 30 days after infection, Where the values indicators ​​of vegetative growth of the hybrids of infected peppers decreased by significant differences compared to control plants. As for 45 days after infection with the virus, the effect of the viral infection decreased with the age of the plant. On the three dates, the decrease in the values of indicators of vegetation in spring loop higher than the decrease in the values in autumnal knot.                                                                                             

Key word: Pepper, Cucumber mosaic virus, Hybrids, Vegetative growth. 

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Yasmine Alewi*⁽¹⁾,Kinan Abo jahjah⁽¹⁾, Morhef Abo Ein⁽¹⁾ and Waddah Alsayed⁽¹⁾    

(1).Second Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Yasmine Alewi. E-Mail: J.alewi@hotmail.com)

Received: 27/10/2020                                 Accepted: 23/03/2021

Abstract

We surveyed and classified wild plants that grow in Tal Shehan, Jabal Al Arab- Alswayda governorate in the period between Aughust 2019 and July 2020. Through periodical Field tours to collect samples of the growing plants, Classify them, determine the degree of their spread and determine the endangered species We have been Identified /30/ thirty plant species belong to several plant families: Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Boraginaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae,  Fabaceae, Iridaceae,  Lamiaceae, Papaveraceae, Poaceae, Polygonaceae and Scrophulariaceae.   On the other hand, no specimens of the plant species had mentioned previously to have spread in Tal Shihan by Mouterde (1983) were surveyed and these species are: Achillea fragrantissima, Allium drusorum, Androsace maxima, Antirrhinum orontium, Astragalus guttatus, Helianthemum ledifolium, Hypericum olieviri, Myosotis refracta, Paronychia Arabica, Prangos hermonis and Pterocephalus pulverulentus, Salvia palaestina. This indicates that these species have become extinct or threatened with extinction.

Keyword: Weeds, Tal Shihan, Alswayda, species plants.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohannad al-ebrahim al-ghajar ^*(1)

(1). Dept. Of Soil and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Agriculture, University of AL- Furat, Hassakeh, Syria.

^(*Corresponding  author: Mohannad alebrahim alghajar. E-mail :mohanadghajar@ gmail.com)

Received: 3/01/2021                    Accepted: 27/05/2021

Abstract

The research was carried in soils North of Aleppo government, to determine the level of available iron existence, and finding correlation between studied Soil properties and available iron. For this purpose, 30 compound soil samples were taken from different locations in North of Aleppo government, at surface depth (0-30) cm by( ugure). to determine of chemical and physical properties that effect on availability of iron.Results of study showed that ,soil of studied locations in west of  Aleppo were (loam, loam clay), pH soil was basic ,none salty, have high content of calcium carbonate, and lime Active , medium content of  organic matter (0.93-3.3)% who effected on available iron (0.64-3.11)ppm. In addition to correlation were studied between chemical properties and available iron ,strong negative linear correlation was observed  between available iron and (soil PH, calcium carbonate ,lime Active Reached to (r²=0.97, r² =0.60, r² =0.90 (respectively. which were  bigger role in fixing of iron ,while was strong positive significant correlation between available iron and (Clay percentage , organic matter, CEC) Reached to (r²=0.94, r² =0.83, r² =0.52 (respectively. 

Keywords: calcium carbonate, active lime, clay, organic matter ,available iron. 

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Moeen Najm Al-Abdullah⁽¹⁾,  Lubna Al-Bashi^{(2) *} and  Anoar alsed ⁽¹⁾

(1).  Soil and Land Reclamation Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Furrat University, Dier Azure, Syria.

(2). Natural Resources Administration, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(* Corresponding: Lubna Al-Bashi, E-mail  lubnabashshe@gmail.com)

Received; 27/11/2020                    Accepted: 7/04/2021

Abstract:

The experiment was carried out at the Salou Research Station of the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Deir Ezzor to study the effect of foliar spray with solutions of increasing concentrations of boron (30,25,20,15,10,5,0) PPM on the growth and productivity of peas. The experiment was planted on 12/12/2020. /. Use the borax solution in the first spraying process in the young phase (6) leaves, at a rate of 10 ml per plant, and the rest of the solution (90 ml) was sprayed before flowering. The experiment was designed in a way to complete the random random sectors (RCBD) with three replicates per transaction. The results showed that the treatment of B5 exceeded the rest of the treatments in terms of the studied indicators (number of pods, century length, number of pills per century, weight of 100 tablets). When treatment B6, the studied indicators began to decline gradually to reach the lowest value at B7.

Key words: Foliar spray, borax, boron, pea

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Kamel Khalil*⁽¹⁾, Mahmoud Ali ⁽²⁾, Lubna Hassn⁽²⁾

(1). Environmental Prevention Department, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University.

(2). Department of Forestry and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University.

(*Corresponding author:Dr. Kamel Khalil. Email: d.kamelkhalil@tishreen.edu.sy)

Received date: 27/11/ 2020              Accepted date: 7/04/2021 

Abstract:

This study aimed to estimate the concentration of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) elements in the thalli of lichen Parmelina pastillifera taken from the Cedar and fir reserve in Slunfah which is an unpolluted area (control area: STC) on 1/6/2019 and transplanted to four sites (ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4) in the city of Latakia (rural and urban), differentiated according to the traffic density and industrial activity. The concentration of lead and cadmium was determined by using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer after placing the lichen in the four sites for grades  periods of time 2, 4, and 6 months of exposure. The results showed an increase in the accumulation of lead and cadmium elements over time at all sites compared with the control. The lead concentration ranged in the sites (53.33-97.17 ppm) and the control (5.75 ppm), and the highest concentration of lead was at the site (ST4), an area of industrial activity. The cadmium concentration ranged (15.10-17.76 ppm) and the control (0.63 ppm) and the highest concentration of cadmium was on site (ST4). The Exposure- to -Control (EC) ranged for lead (9.36-16.90) and for cadmium (23.84-28.04). This means that there is a severe bioaccumulation of the two elements in all sites. As a result, we can consider that Parmelina pastillifera lichen is an effective bioaccumulator that can be adopted in environmental studies for estimating heavy elements (lead and cadmium) in cities where the lichens are missing.

Key words: Transplanted lichens, Parmelina pastillifera, Bioaccumulator, Lead, Ccadmium, Lattakia, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf