Salt stress | Syrian Journal of Agricultural Research SJAR

Raneem Melhem*¹ , Lina Al-Naddaf ² and Ali Ziak ³

¹General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Homs Research Center, Syria

² University of Homs, Homs, Syria.

³ General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Hama Research Center, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Raneem Melhem. E-Mial: Raneem.melhem.9933@gmail.com).

Received: 22/ 07/ 2025 Accepted: 29/ 09/ 2025

Abstract

The study was conducted at the Homs Research Center. General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, and the Biotechnology Center at the University of Homs, to study the response of some physiological traits of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) to irrigation with solutions prepared from two concentrations of sodium chloride (4 and 6 mmos/cm), in addition to a control irrigated with fresh water. The seeds were also soaked in four concentrations of bio-prepared silver nanoparticles by adding aqueous leaf extract (1 and 3 cm³) to silver nitrate (10 and 20 cm³) alternately to obtain concentrations (1:10, 1:20, 3:10, and 3:20). Fenugreek seeds were soaked in these concentrations for a 15 minutes and planted in pots. The experiment was conducted according to a completely randomized design with three replicates. The results showed a significant effect of increasing salinity concentrations on decreasing the relative water content and dry weight of the plant compared to the control irrigated with fresh water. Treatment with silver nanoparticles improved the values of these two indicators, and the 3:10 concentration (nanosilver:olive leaf extract) achieving the best values. Meanwhile, proline values increased with increasing saline concentration, and the 6 mmos/cm concentration recording the highest proline content in the leaves. Proline concentration also increased when the olive leaf aqueous extract concentration increased from 1 to 3 cm³, while proline content decreased when the silver nitrate concentration increased from 10 to 20 cm³for all treatments. The study concluded that when fenugreek is grown in saline conditions or when irrigation water sources are saline, the technique of soaking bio-prepared silver nanoparticles in olive leaf extract at a concentration of 3:10 for a 15 minutes before planting can be applied.

Keywords: Salt stress, silver nanoparticles, physiological characteristics Fenugreek.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mokhtar Baraket*⁽¹⁾Hassine Marwa⁽²⁾ Olfa Ayed Slama⁽²⁾ Trifa Youssef⁽²⁾ Hajer Slim Amara⁽²⁾ and Karmous Chahine⁽²⁾

(1).National Research Institute for Rural Engineering, Water and Forestry, Ariana, Tunisia.

(2).University of Carthage, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, LR14AGR01, Laboratory of Genetics and Cereal Breeding, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, Avenue Charles Nicolle 43, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia.

(*Corresponding author: Mokhtar Baraket. E-Mail: moktar.baraket@gmail.com).

Received: 10/04/2020 Accepted: 29/05/2020

Abstract

The present study aimed to identify new sources of salt stress tolerance in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) through mutations induced by gamma radiation. Therefore, the irradiation of the seeds of the two most widely grown cultivars of Tunisia namely Karim and Rezzak was performed in order, to develop a new tolerant mutant of these two varieties, which are well adapt to stress conditions with the best potential productivity. Two mutants, the first (K20/108/5) was derived from Karim and the second (R20/134/4) was derived from Rezzak using irrigation with NaCl. The plants were grown under controlled conditions using pots. It was observed that the two mutants have different tolerance mechanisms to NaCl, which were summarized by the modification of the root structure of R20/134/4 mutant. However, the mutant K20/108/5 had a distinct tolerance mechanisms that was mainly summarized in mechanisms that limited sodium entry under salt stress conditions by 34% compared to the parent. Key words: Durum wheat, Salt stress, Gamma irradiation.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF