Jinan M. Kalaf*⁽¹⁾  and Layla A. Benyan^{( 1)}

(1). Department of plant protection, college of Agriculture,University of Basrah, Iraq

 (*Corresponding author. Jinan Malik Kalaf, E.mail: Jinan.kalaf@uobasrah.edu.iq)

Received: 5/10/2024                       Accepted: 3/8/2025

Abstract

This study was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of plant protection ,College of Agriculture/  University of Basrah  for the 2023 -2024.to know the effect of treating wheat grains with plant powders of Conocarpus lancifolius Adolf , Vitex agnus castus  L. , Nerium  oleander L.at concentrations of 4 ,6 , 8%  by weight  and suspension of the Trichoderma harzianum , Beauveria bassiana and Cordyceps pseudolloydii at concentrations of 6×10^{8 ,} 46.66×10^8, 22.6×10⁸ spore/ml on the life of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst).The percentage of mortality of the adults of the beetle reached 82.3, 80.9, 100% of wheat grains treated with Conocarpus lancifolius Adolf , Vitex agnus castus L. ,Nerium  oleander L. powder at aconcentrations of 8% after ten days of treatment and  the rate of effect of plant powders on the mortality rate was  49.29 ,25.45 , 71.92 %  for both Conocarpus lancifolius Vitex agnus castus and  Nerium  oleander powder at a concentrations respectively. The results showed an increase in the annual mortality rate when the concentrations and duration of exposure to the plant powders increased .while the rate of effect of the fungal suspension of mortaliy was 40,60 , 93.33 % for T.harzianum , B. bassiana and C. pseudolloydii respectively and the average percentage of germination of grains treated with the plant powders 98.88, 92.22, 93.33% for Conocarpus lancifolius Vitexagnus castus and Nerium  oleander respectively, compared to the control, which  reached 96.66%. The average germination of grains treated with the fungal suspension was 93 ,96.33, 96.66 % respectively. Plant powders and fungal suspensions had a non-significant effect on the germination rate and length of stem and root of germinated grains compared to the control.    

Key words: plant powders, Biological fungi, Rusty flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst).

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