Muhammad Nael Khattab(1), Nizar Harba (1) and Orwa Nahil Suleiman (1)*
(1). Crop Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.
(*Corresponding author : Orwa Suleiman, E-mail : aboalabd876@gmail.com)
Received: 3/01/2023 Accepted: 10/04/2023
Abstract:
During the seasonal season 2020-2021, five genotypes of sunflower were planted in Al-Ghab area, namely (Strain 90 (A), Strain 19 (B), Strain 9 (C), Strain 54 (D), Baladi cultivar (E), according to a cross-breeding program. Completely reciprocal and in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, with the aim of verifying the genetic energy of those studied genotypes (parents, single and reverse crosses), the degree of their genetic divergence, and determining the correlations for use in subsequent breeding programs to obtain high hybrid strength and improve sunflower yield in quantity and quality. The results indicated that the studied genotypes (parents, single crosses, and reverse crosses) differed significantly in all studied traits, and the disc space trait was characterized by its association with many traits in a positive and highly significant way, which indicates the possibility of improving these traits together at the same time, for parents and individual crosses. And the inverse of the characteristics of the amount of oil, the percentage of fertilization and the number of seeds per disc due to its positive and highly significant association with them. We also note the negative correlation found in the parents between the two traits of seed weight in the plant with the percentage of oil (r = -0.410) and single crosses (r = -0.092), and it became positive in reverse crosses (r = 0.462). The correlation was non-significant positive between seed weight and the amount of oil (r = 0.107) in the parents and significant positive between these two traits (r = 0.66*) in single and inverse crosses (r = 0.894**), also breaking the negative correlation found in the parents for the 100 weight trait. Seed with leaf area became positive for single and reverse crosses (r=0.302, r=0.221). The studied models (parents, single and reverse crosses) also differed in their genetic dimension, through their placement in different clusters and groups, and thus the possibility of using genes belonging to different groups (parents) for crossbreeding in order to obtain the highest values of hybrid strength, as well as cross-crossing in order to obtain paired crosses. .
Keywords: sunflower, correlation coefficient, genetic divergence, crossbreeds.
Full paper in Arabic: pdf