Muhammad Khattab (1), Nizar Harba(1) and Orwa Suleiman(1)*
(1). Department Of Field Crops, Faculty Of Agriculture, Tishreen, University, Lattakia, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Orwa Suleiman, E-mail: aboalabd876@gmail.com)
Received:24/10/2022 Accepted:12/12/2022
Abstract:
Five sunflower genotypes were planted (type 90 (A), model 19 (B), type 9 (C), type 54 (D), and baladi (E)), obtained from a previous (master) electoral program sourced from The General Authority for Agricultural Research in Damascus. In the field of a farmer in the al-Ghab area of Hama governorate during the agricultural seasons 2020-2021-2022 according to a full reciprocal cross-hybridization program. The hybrid seeds obtained from the first season (20 hybrids) and the parents’ seeds were sown in a comparative experiment in the second season according to the RCBD randomized complete block design with three replications. The general and specific ability to mix, combine and adversely affect each hybrid was estimated for the characteristics of plant height (cm), stem diameter (cm), leaf area (m2), disc area (cm2), number of seeds in the disc, weight of 100 seeds (g), fertilization percentage (%) and seed weight of the plant (g) and the percentage of oil (%) and the amount of oil (g) at the level of a single plant, in order to select the best parents and individual and inverse hybrids in terms of high yield and desirable traits, especially the percentage and quantity of oil, and to continue with the superior ones to be included in future breeding and improvement programs for this crop. Genotype (E) was superior in general ability to mix and combine for short stems and increased oil content, genotype (B) for disc space, number of seeds, seed weight per disc and stem diameter, genotype (C) for oil percentage and leaf area, and genotype (A) For my fertilization rate and weight of 100 seeds. A group of individual crosses that have a special ability to mix and combine and resulting from positive parents, the general ability to mix and combine, was distinguished by many characteristics, and I especially mention the following hybrids: (D X B), (C X B), (D X C) and (E X C), which were characterized by the characteristics of disk space and number of seeds in the disc, the weight of the seeds in the disc and the percentage of oil, respectively, according to the sequence of the hybrids. A number of distinct inverse hybrids with a special ability to compatibility were obtained from positive parents, the general ability to combine, especially hybrids (A X C) for the characteristic of oil ratio, and other crosses from two parents, one negative and the other positive in the general ability to combine, superior to individual crosses in many of traits. The results also showed that there is a function of cytoplasmic genetics in the inheritance of the quantitative trait through the differences in the performance of each of the individual and inverse hybrids.
Key words: sunflowers, general ability to combine, special ability to combine, reverse hybridization.
Full paper in Arabic: pdf