Luna Ahmad*)1( , Ramzi Murshed(2), Mouwafak Jbour(1), Fahed Albiski(3) , Hijazi Mando(3), and Hana almfeshi(4)
- Horticulture Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.
- Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, P. O. Box 30621, Syria.
- General Commission for Biotechnology, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Damascus, Syria.
- Animal Wealth Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.
(*Corresponding author:Dr. Luna Ahmad, Email: ahmadluna@yahoo.com)
Abstract
The research was carried out during the period 2016-2020 to collect, characterize and cultivate some of the Syrian wild strains of oyster mushrooms found in the southwestern Hama region. Several wild Syrian strains of the oyster mushroom Pleurotus spp. were collected, cultivated and their productivity and chemical composition were studied compared to a control (a locally cultivated commercial strain M2175 of Mycelia company of Belgium) in a completely randomized design. The studied six strains (S5, S7, S11, S13, S15, S17), were collected from locations with altitude that ranged from 419.71 to 813 m above sea level, morphologically described, then isolated and purified on PDA, and then cultivated on wheat hay after preparing their spawns on durum wheat grains. After harvesting, readings related to the fruiting body (and fruiting clusters productivity and biological efficiency were calculated. The chemical content of fruitbodies was studied. The results showed a good level of spread and ecological diversity of the fungus, with wide variations between the collected strains in terms of their morphological characteristics, especially in the color, shape and diameter of the cap. The dimensions of the spores ranged between (3.41 and 4.35) microns in width and (8.52 and 10.85) microns in length, while the strains did not differ in the nature of their lateral fruiting on the host’s trunk and inward rolled margin of the cap. The results of strains cultivation on wheat hay indicated that there are clear differences between them in the indicators of fruitbodies growth and productivity, where the average diameter of the cap ranged between 7.57 and 10.74 cm, the average diameter of the stem 1.45-2.40 cm, the average length of the stem 1.70-3.40 cm, and weight of fruitbody 20.2-54.36 g. The average number of fruitbodies of the studied strains per cluster ranged between 9.40 and 28.20, the average number of clusters ranged between .3.33 and 4.67 clusters, the average weight of the fruit cluster ranged between 336. and 503.8 g, the average productivity ranged between 232.25-326.73 g/kg, and the value of biological efficiency varied between 87.11-110.43%. Analysis of the chemical content of studied strains showed significant differences, S17 and S13 characterized by a high content of dry matter and protein, and the S17 also had a high content of ash, fat and fiber. The strain showed good protein content of 19.12-33.36%. The highest content of fiber was in the S5 and S17 strains (22.17 and 19.51%, respectively). As a result, all strains were good. S13 and S17 were selected as the best strains in terms of the most important productive and quality characteristics.
Keywords: oyster mushroom, wild collected, productivity, chemical composition, biological efficiency.
Full paper in Arabic: pdf