Hussam Baroudi*(1),Georgous Makhoul (1),Waffaa choumane (2),and Khaldoun Tipa(3)
(1) Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria
(2) Biotechnology center, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.
(3) General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research, Damascus, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Eng. Hussam Baroudi. Email: hussambaroudi@gmail.com).
Received:9/07/2021 Accepted: 4/11/2021
Abstract:
This study was conducted during the seasons 2019 and2020 in Hadar, Al- Qunitera government. Thirty trees of Al- shami mulberry were sprayed with three growth regulators: Ethephon, IAA, and NAA, with three concentrations (50- 100- 200 ppm), and the control treatment, in order to study the spray of leaves and branches with growth regulators on increasing the percentage of female catkins, number of fruits. The first spray was performed before the leaves fall and the second before the buds swelling The results showed that the Ethephon 100 ppm was surpassed over the other treatments and over the control with sex ratio reached 12.49 female: 1 male and the percentage was reached to 92.58% for female catkins and 7.41% for male, followed by the NAA 100 ppm, whereas the sex ratio was 4.38 female: 1 male. The obtained results proved the effect of growth regulators on the length of the catkins. The IAA 100 ppm surpassed the other treatments with an average of 3.55 cm, followed by the IAA 200 ppm 1.71 cm. The IAA 100 ppm surpassed TE1, TE2 with an average of fruit length reached 3.65 cm and the treatment of IAA 50 ppm surpassed the control and the Ethephon treatments with an average of 2.04 cm. Regarding the fruit width, the Ethephon 200 ppm surpassed over the other concentrations reached to 1.69 cm. The fruits shape index was ranged from 0.52 with ethrel 200 ppm to 0.74 with NAA 50 ppm. The highest average of fruit weight was 6.52 g with IAA 50 ppm. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the positive effect of Ethephon and NAA on increasing the percentage of female catkins.
Keywords: Al-Shami mulberry, Growth regulators, Ethephon, NAA, IAA, Sex expression.
Full paper in Arabic: pdf