Sara deeb * ⁽¹⁾ Ibrahem Nesafi ⁽¹⁾ and Ahmad kara Ali ⁽¹⁾

(1).Faculty of Agriculture,  Tishreen University, Syria. 

(2). Department of Marine chemistry, High Inst. of Marine Research,  Tishreen University

(*Corresponding author: Sara Deeb. E-Mail: saradeeb857@gmail.com).

Received:26/03/2024          Accepted: 11/07/2024

Abstract: 

This study aimed to estimate the level of air pollution in some portable  heavy metals (lead and copper) in dust quarries by leaves of Laurus nobilis and Myrtus communis as biomonitor In site of Kfardabeel Stand- Jableh. The samples of dust and leaves were collected at the end of bioindicator July in 2020, Atomic  absorption  spectrophotometer was  used  to  determine  the amounts of lead and copper (ppm, dry weight).The average of accumulated metals in the Laurus and Myrtus  leaves were estimated: (Cu=10.24 ppm ,Pb=0.68ppm)  (Cu=10.28ppm, Pb =0.64ppm), while their amounts in the dust were done as following: (Cu=5.45 ppm, Pb =0.16 ppm).The results showed a correlation between heavy metals amounts in the leaves and their amounts in the trapped dust (r= 0.83) was detected, also regression equations have explained the variations in accumulation of studied metals in relation to the accumulated dust on leaves as following: Cu20%, 46% Pb. Consequently results confirmed the possibility of detecting the atmospheric Cu ,Pb pollution in the studied site using Laurus nobilis and Myrtus communis leaves as a biomonitor.

Key words: Laurus nobilis , Myrtus communis Lead, Copper,, biomonitor.  

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Zeinab Jaffar ⁽¹⁾, Sawsan Suleiman*⁽²⁾,  and Mona Barakat ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Soil and Land Sciences. Faculty of Agriculture. Tishreen University. Lattakia. Syria.

 (2). Department of Horticulture. Faculty of Agriculture. Tishreen University. Lattakia. Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Zeinab Jaffar, E-mail Zeinab12jaffar@.gmail.com).

Received: 14/02/2024               Accepted: 5/08/2024

Abstract: 

Three replicates of each treatment were used to study the effects on various physical and chemical properties, including bulk density, porosity, main weight diameter, and aggregate size distribution. Four levels of tobacco west compost (0,10,20, and 30 tons/h) were added to the clay soil treatment, and plant foliar spray (0,2,4 ml/l) was applied in three concentrations of compost filtrated extract.The results showed that tobacco wast compost (K1, K2, K3) was effective in increasing the soil content of organic matter (29,58,66%) compared to the control. The treatment ameliorates as well the soil’s physical properties, main weight diameter, stable aggregate, and soil porosity. Whereas bulk density decreased, soil nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus content increased significantly compared to the control in the three treatments. The results showed as well that foliar application of compost extract alone or with compost has no effect on soil properties.  Plant growth metrics significantly increased when the soil was treated with tobacco waste compost and its extract, with 30 tan/h + 4 ml of extract yielding the best values

Keywords: Compost, tobacco waste, soil properties, pepper plant.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Razzan alnajjar * (1), Sameer Al-Ahmad⁽²⁾ , M. Al Debss ⁽¹⁾, and Samar Al-Ali ⁽³⁾

(1). Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Researcher,  Agricultural Research Center,  Tartous, Syria.

(3).  Crop Research Department, General Authority for Scientific Agricultural Research.

(4). Researcher,  Agricultural Research Center,  Homs,  Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Razan alnajjar, E-Mailrazanhamoda2009@gmail.com).

Received: 28/03/2024               Accepted: 1/08/2024

Abstract 

This research was conducted to study the behavioral  of morphological and yield properties in a set of 15 F₁ hybrids of six inbred lines  of maize (Zea mays L.) were produced in 2020 at the Maize Researches Department and evaluated in 2021 at three locations Agriculture Scientific Research Center at ( karabo, Tartous, Homs). Mean squares of locations, hybrids and hybrids × locations were significant for all traits, it means that hybrid behavior change from location to another. Mean squares of general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability confirm the high consequence of both additive and non-additive gene action on the inheritance of these traits. Also, interaction between GCA × locations and SCA × locations were significant for all studied traits. The σ²_GCA/σ²_SCA ratios showed that non-additive gene effects played major role in inheritance of silking date, plant height and ear height while, additive gene effects were the most important in inheritance of yield. GCA effects showed that the inbred lines P2 ، P1  ، P3 was good combiner for grain yield also, SCA effects indicated that the hybrids P1 × P4، P3 × P4 ، P4  × P، were the best combinations for grain yield.

Key words: Maize, half diallel cross, Combining ability, Genetic × Environments interaction.  

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mohammed Mareai^*(1), Mohammad Maqbool ⁽²⁾ and Tawfiq Al- Omari⁽²⁾

 (1). National Genetic Resource Center, Agricultural Research and Extension Authority, Dhamar, Republic of Yemen.

(2). Central Highlands Research station, Agricultural Research and Extension Authority, Dhamar, Republic of Yemen

(*Corresponding author: Mareai, M.M; E-Mail mareemohammed88@yahoo.com).

Received: 10/02/2025               Accepted: 3/08/2025      

The study was carried out in the Central Highlands Region, Dhamar Governorate, Republic of Yemen, in nine different locations in mid-July 2020 in three districts which are Mayfa’a Ans, Otma and Al-Hadda, in each district, three locations were chosen for the purpose of studying the phenotypic and productive characteristics of tree varieties of lentil (1 local and two improved Dhamar -1- and Dhamar -2), each cultivar was planted with an area of 150 m² in each site and was relied on 16 descriptive and quantitative traits. The results showed that the cultivars were divided into two groups, the first group included the Dhamar  -1 variety, the second group included the local variety (Landraces) and Dhamar -2, the results of the cluster analysis indicate that the improved variety differed from the local variety  and Dhamar  -2 variety  in many characteristics and the degree of kinship reached 70%, which indicates the presence of genetic divergence between them, while the degree of kinship between the local variety (Landraces) and Dhamar -2 reached 78%, which indicates the presence of genetic closeness between them, and therefore it is possible to rely on the phenotypic characteristics to distinguish between the varieties, the study confirms the importance of expanding it by increasing the number of varieties in addition to the molecular study.

Key words: phenotypic characteristics, cluster analysis, genetic kinship and Lentil.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Rehab Harba^*(1), Majd Darwish⁽¹⁾ , Samir al-Ahmad⁽²⁾ , and Yasser Hammad⁽³⁾

(1).  Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Syria.

(2). Scientific Agricultural Research, Tartous Research Center

(3). Department of soil, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Syria

      Email: rehabharba84@gmail.com.

Received:8/02/2024                             Accepted:29/07/2024

Abstract

The research was carried out during the 2022 growing season at Zahid Water and Irrigation Research Station – Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Tartous- in order to study the effect of agricultural density (20×50 and 30×50 cm) and spraying with the biofertilizer EM1 (control without spraying, 3 ml/L, 6 ml/l) in some growth indicators for the two peanut cultivars (Giza 6 and Soori 2): as an indicator: leaf area (LAI), crop growth rate (GCR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR), and leaf area duration (LAD). using split split plot design , as the density occupied the main plots, biofertilization sub-plots, cultivar sub-sub plots ,the treatments were randomly distributed in three replications The results showed that Giza 6 variety was significantly superior to Soori 2 variety in all indicators studied, and the agricultural density (30 x 50 cm) was significantly superior to the density (20 x 50 cm) in the relative growth rate (RGR 0.14, 0.11) g/g/day, net assimilation rate (NAR) (0.22, 0.31) kg/m²/week, leaf area ratio (LAR) (0.40, 0.47) dm²/g/day, and leaf area duration (LAD) (33.66, 45.56) m²/week, while plant density exceeded ( 20 x 50 cm) significantly affected the crop growth rate (CGR g/m²/day) , the leaf area index (LAI) and seed productivity per hectare . As for the effect of biological fertilization on the studied traits, the treatments with concentrations of 3 and 6 ml/l were significantly superior to the control. The concentration of 6 ml/l was important in terms of a significant increase in the values of all growth indicators. The results concluded that planting the Giza 6 variety at a density of 30 x 50 cm, spraying it with EM1 biofertilizer at a concentration of 6 ml/l, gave the highest value for the relative growth rate, net assimilation rate of the plant, and the leaf area ratio, while planting it at a density of 20 x 50 cm gave a positive effect. Significantly greater for crop growth rate and leaf area index and seed productivity per hectare.

Key words-: peanuts, plant density, biofertilization, morphological indicators.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Hasan Harba^{* (1)} , Mohamad Moussa ⁽¹⁾, Abdel Moneim  AlYasin⁽²⁾, Moataz Zarkawi ⁽³⁾⁽⁴⁾ , and Lamia Briand Amirat ⁽⁵⁾

(1). Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hama University, Hama, Syria.

(2).The Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands / ACSAD /,Damascus, Syria.

(3).  Ministry of Agriculture, Syria.

(4).Atomic Energy Commission, Damascus, Syria.

(5). Oniris, Nantes, France.

(*Corresponding author: Hasan Harba. E-Mail: hasanharba19@gmail.com).

Received:14/05/2024          Accepted: 1/08/2024

The research aims to determine the effect of pheromones extracted from the wool of Awassi rams and Shami goat bucks’ hair on the secretion of luteinizing hormone and progesterone in Awassi sheep during the nonbreeding season. The experiment was conducted on female Awassi sheep at the Izraa Research Station – AKCAD, outside the reproductive season from 2/1/2022 to 4/1/2022. The extraction of pheromones was performed through the soaking technique, utilizing dichloromethane as the solvent. Subsequently, the resulting organic extract underwent analysis with a Chromatec-Crystal 5000 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry apparatus, which features a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The study was conducted on three equal groups n=17 each (during the nonbreeding season): Group I (rams wool extract), 15 ml of rams’ wool extract was placed on a piece of gauze and placed in a mask specially designed for the experiment to apply and attach directly to the nose. The second group (Shami goat bucks’ hair extract), 15 ml of bucks’ hair extract was placed on a piece of gauze and placed within a mask specially designed for the experiment to be placed and fixed directly on the nose, and the third group (Awassi rams). LH assay was performed immediately before the start of the treatment and 1, 10 and 20 hours later, P4 assay was performed immediately before the treatment, 5, and 30 days later. The results showed a significant direct and clear increase in LH and P4. It may conclude that pheromones extracted from the wool of rams and Shami goat bucks have an effect in stimulating the response of female Awassi sheep, which paves the way for their use as a material in reproductive management in female Awassi.

Keywords: Awassi Sheep, Shami Goat, Pheromones, Male Effect, Progesterone, LH.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Eyad Dannoura^{* (1)}, Ateya Arab ⁽¹⁾, Safaa Sabboh⁽¹⁾, Hussam Baroudi⁽¹⁾, and Manal Saleh ⁽¹⁾

(1). Lattakia Research Center, General Commission For Agricultural Scientific Research (GCSAR), Syria.

(*corresponding author: Dr. Eyad Dannoura. Email: eyed.dannoura@gmail.com ,Tel: 0966895705 ).

Received:5/05/2024                Accepted: 1/08/2024

Abstract

This study was conducted at the Center of Scientific Agricultural Research in Latakia Governorate, during the years 2022-2023, on cuttings of Japanese mulberry trees, Morus bombycis L., grown in the Silkworm Breeding Center in Masyaf (Hama). The research aims to study the effect of cutting diameter and planting medium on the rooting and growth of cuttings. Woody Japanese mulberries treated with a single, fixed concentration of the growth regulator indole butyric acid (IBA), which was 4000ppm. Woody cuttings were collected from the studied trees with two different diameters (less than 1.5 cm) and (1.5-2.5 cm). Five media were used to grow the cuttings. The cuttings were planted outdoors under the influence of natural conditions. The experiment was designed according to a factorial experiment in completely randomized design.  The results showed that the best treatment  was the cuttings with a diameter of /1.5-2.5 cm/ with medium A (silkworm compost + sand + ordinary soil (1:1:1))  regarding the average percentage of rooting(77.77%) and the average number of branches(3 branches/cutting). While the best average length of the branches was when diameter of less than 1.5 cm cuttings were planted in Medium B (imported turf + sand + ordinary soil (1:1:1)) with average length (82.33cm). This confirms the importance of adding silkworm compost to rooting medium as a main component in propagating Japanese  mulberries using the woody cutting method.

Keywords: Japanese mulberry Morus bombycis L., rooting, cuttings, planting mediums, compost, the Silkworm.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ola Qajou ^(1)*, Razan Al -Najjar ⁽²⁾ and Doaa Hamwi ⁽¹⁾

 (1). Crop department at the Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia – Syria.

(2). General Authority for Agricultural Scientific Research-Damascus-Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ola Qajou,  E-Mail: olakajo0932@yahoo.com).

Received: 15/05/2024                      Accepted:1/08/2024

Abstract

 The research was implemented by the research in the Department of Corn Research (1 Ayar Station) of the Crop Research Department at the General Commission for Scientific n Research (GCSAR)  in the Agricultural seasons 2022 and 2023. In the research, six Inbred Lines breed is used in a high degree of genetic purity 95%. In the flowering stage, all the required hybrids were conducted between the strains except for the reverse hybrids according to the Half Diall Cross, with the aim of studying the general and specific ability and effects And the length of the matholor, physiological maturity and productivity. The results showed the variation of all the studied qualities morally, in addition to the dominance of the cumulative heritage action in inheriting the characteristics of the number of days of agriculture to the flowering of 50% of the plants, the length of the matholor, the productivity, and the cumulative to the characteristic of the height of the additional and additional genetic verbs to the characteristic of the physiological maturity of their one correct comparison. The results indicated that seven hybrids enjoyed a special ability to the coalition of the attribute of the physiological maturity, and the additional genetic act dominated the inheritance of the characteristic of the length of the trumpet, and the control of the additional genetic action on the inheritance of the attribute of love, and these results give the basis for follow -up of the removal of the context in subsequent generations, especially for the productivity indicator.

Keywords: Sorghum bicolor, general ability to compatible, private headquarters on genetic variation.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Amal Haj Hassan^(1)*, Mohammad Ahmad⁽²⁾, Omar Hammoudi⁽¹⁾, and Magda Mufleh⁽¹⁾

(1). General Commission for scientific Agriculture Research, Lattakia, Syria

(2). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture Tishreen University,

       Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Amal Haj Hassan. E-Mail: amal.haj@gmail.com).

Received: 17/05/2024                      Accepted:5/08/2024

Abstract: 

This study was conducted to evaluate the endophytic colonization of tomato plants with two local isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Sordariomycetes: Hypocreales), b8, which was isolated from the pupa of the palm weevil, and b10, which was isolated from the soil of a citrus orchard in Latakia Governorate, and there effect on the growth of tomato plants and in Controlling the tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera Gelechiidae) by seeds inoculation with three different techniques: seeds immersion in fungus conidial suspension, seeds immersion in gum and fungus conidial suspension, and seeds irrigetion within 30, 45, and 60 days. The results showed the efficiency of both isolates in colonizing all parts of the plant. (root, stem and leaves) in varying rats without a significant difference between them, and the highest colonization rate was recorded on the leaves, 100% for b8 isolate and 96.30% for b10 isolate, 45 days after inoculation by seeds irrigation technique. The irrigation technique was significantly more better than the other two technique after 30 days time after inocolation, but at 45 and 60 days time, no significant difference was recorded between the inoculation techniques. The leaf colonization rate was also significantly higher than the root and stem colonization rate for most of the evaluation times and for all inoculation techniques. Both fungal isolates significantly increased the height of tomato plants and their wet and dry weight compared to control plants 60 days after inoculation. The mortality rate caused by the two fungal isolates to tomato leaf miner larvae varied according to the method of inoculation during the days of the experiment. The highest mortality rate (9.43±89.67%) was recorded for b8 isolate and (4.17±86.67%) for b10 isolate at the last day of the experiment, in the seeds irrigation technique.

Keywords: endophetic colonization, entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta, , tomato plants.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Amali Al-Ahmad^(1)* and Bayan Muzhar⁽²⁾

(1). Administration of Horticulture Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(2). Horticulture Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(^*Corresponding author: Amali Al-Ahmad. E-Mail: Amale-alahmad@hotmail.com(

Received:  27/10/2024         Accepted:26/02/2025

Abstract

The research was conducted in the Tartous governorate (Beit Yusef-Draikish) on apple trees (cv. Golden Delicious) grafted onto the rootstock “Malus domestica Borkh” during the two seasons of 2019-2020. The objective was to investigate the effects of manual and chemical thinning, with and without calcium nitrate spray, on the nutrient content of leaves (Ca, Mg, Zn, B) and the productivity of the apple trees. The study included six treatments at two levels: the first level “no spray”, while the second involved spraying with calcium nitrate. Results indicated a significant difference in production during the 2019 season between the two levels (114.58 and 130.88 kg/ tree, respectively). In the season (2020), the production was significantly lower than the first season in both levels, the first (63.27 kg/ tree) and the second (72.33 kg/ tree) levels. In the first season, both thinning treatments led to a noticeable decrease in production compared to the control; however, the calcium nitrate spray treatment resulted in significantly higher production at 137.5 kg per tree. In the second season, each treatment showed a significant increase in production compared to the control (49 kg per tree, a light fruit load). Applying thinning techniques during the heavy load season resulted in a better balance in annual load as the productivity in the first and second seasons was 87.76 and 85.00 kg/ tree in manual thinning, 88.57 and 85.79 kg/ tree in chemical thinning, 97.40 and 100.56 kg/ tree in the calcium nitrate foliar spray treatment with manual thinning, and 101.49 and 98.30 kg/ tree in the calcium foliar spray treatment with chemical thinning. Thus, foliar spraying with calcium nitrate combined with chemical thinning proved to be the most effective treatment for enhancing apple productivity, followed by foliar spray treatment with calcium nitrate combined with manual thinning.

Keywords: Apple, Golden Delicious, Calcium nitrate, Zinc, Boron, Nutrients, Productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF