Areej Alkheder ⁽¹⁾*, Mohammad Manhal Alzabi⁽¹⁾, Samer Al Rabee ⁽¹⁾, Ababil Hamoud ⁽¹⁾, Rasha Al Jarad⁽¹⁾, and Gada Neama⁽¹⁾

(1) Natural Resources Research Management General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*corresponding author: Dr.  Areej Alkheder, E-mail: areejalkeder@gmail.com)

Received:27/07/2021          Accepted:5/01/2022

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out at Al-Nashabiya Research Station in the Damascus Countryside Research Center during the season 2019/2020 in order to study the effect of adding several levels of nitrogen on the growth and productivity of two irrigated wheat cultivars (Sham 7 and Sham 10). The experiment consisted of the following nitrogen application rates: N=0, N =80, N2=120, N3=160, N4=200, N5=240 kg N/ha. The experiment was layout was a complete randomized design with three replicates for each treatment. The results showed a direct increase in plant height, spike length and number of spikes per unit area with increasing rate of applied fertilizer compared to the control in the two studied varieties. In terms of productivity, it was noted that the treatments N3 and N4 in the soft cultivar Sham 10, gave more than (7 tons/ha) compared to the control treatment (5.33 ton/ha). Treatments N2 and N3 excelled in the hard cultivar Sham 7, where the productivity reached (6.57 and 6.77 ton/ha, respectively), compared to the control, in which grain yield was (4.37 tons/ha).

Key words: Nitrogen Fertilization, Wheat, Cham7, Cham10 spike length, productive characteristics.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Walaa Ammar^(1)*, Safaa Rahmoun⁽¹⁾, Thamer Al Huniesh⁽¹⁾, and Mohamed El Helou⁽²⁾

(1) Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2) Hama Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(*corresponding author:  Walaa Ammar. E-Mial: walaa.lulu90@gmail.com).

Received:30/07/2021          Accepted:30/1/2022

Abstract: 

This research was conducted at Hama Agricultural Scientific Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, to evaluate the performance of nine genotypes of  broad bean FLIP 14 -033, FLIP 15 -227FB, FLIP 14 -028, FLIP 14 -025, FLIP 15 -250FB, FLIP 15 -228FB, FLIP 15 -225FB, FLIP 14 -062, FLIP 14 -030, compare to the local variety Hama 2 as a check, during three seasons (2017/2018, 2018/2019, 2019/2020), Randomized complete blocks (RCBD) was used with two repetitions. The results of the statistical analysis showed significant differences between the genotypes and years and the interaction between them, and the results indicated that the genotype FLIP 14-025 achieved the heighest seed yield, number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant and plant height, compare to the other genotypes and Hama2. The seed yield and number of pods per plant were significantly increased during the two seasons (2019 and 2020) compared to the season (2018), This is due to the fact that the total precipitation during 2019 and 2020 was close and higher than 2018.

Key words: genotypes, Broad bean, seed yield.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Marwa Rhban ^(1)* , Badi Malakh ^(1)* , and Hassan Obaid ⁽²⁾

(1) Department of Renewable Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agricultural, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syrian.

(2) Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian.

(*Corresponding author: Marwa Rhban,  E-Mail: marwajo1995@gmail.com).

Received:29/08/2021          Accepted:21/11/2021

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in Abi Jarash farm at the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at Damascus University during the year (2020/2021), the experiment aimed to study the effect of the composition of the growth medium and the concentration of the nutrient solution on some indicators of vegetative and root growth and the productivity of the essential oil of rosemary. Rosemary cuttings were grown in five soil media (witness), Peat moosine, Peat moosine: pumice (1:1) volume, Peat moosine: perlite (1:1) volume, hydroponic by deep flow technique (DFT), the plants were irrigated with Hoagland solution at two concentrations (0.5 X, 1X). The experiment was designed according to randomized complete blocks. The mean PEAT MOOS gave the best results and values ​​for the vegetative growth parameters. Where the average vegetative fresh weight of the plant, when treated with Peat moos, increased by (106.57%) compared to the control (8.21 g), the water factor, Peat moos: pumice, achieved a significant superiority over the rest of the treatments (without recording any differences between them) in the indicator A roots that reached Where they reached (28.22, 31.36), respectively, then, when you earn, his assets, his profits, his profits. The productivity of the essential oil in the Peat moos medium increased by (76.39) compared to the control (4.66). The hydroponics technique recorded a significant superiority with respect to root wet weight, achieving an increase of (771.02) % compared to the rest of the treatments. Focus on concentration for all key indicators (vegetative, root, productivity).

Keywords: Peat moos, mixture, deep flow technique, Hoagland solution, essential oil.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Catherine Nseir^(1)*, Mohamad Housam Bahlawan⁽²⁾, Ahmad Majar⁽³⁾ , and Fadi Abbas⁽³⁾

(1) Crop Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(2) Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(3) General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Catherine Nseir,  E-Mail: catynseir@gmail.com).

Received:12/09/2021           Accepted:21/11/2021

Abstract: 

This experiment was conducted in the labs of General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Researches GCSAR, Homs Center, during 2020. PEG₆₀₀₀ was applied to the germination media with low osmotic potentials (OP) i.e. 0, -0.2, -0.6, -1.0, MPa, for screening 10 lentil genotypes. Complete randomized design CRD with three replicates was used. The germination %, germination speed, radicle and hypocotyl length, and the genotypes classified according to these attributes, relative drought stress index, and Z. distribution. The results exhibited a genetic difference between the genotypes concerning the response to the application of PEG₆₀₀₀ in the media. The germination percent was decreased with the decline of osmotic potential 0, -0.2, -0.6, -1.0, MPa, The percent of germination were (98.98, 97.22, 93.89, 50.56 %) respectively, as compared with the control. While the speed of germination were (7.45, 6.06, 5.25, 1.76) respectively. The length of epicotyl and radicle were estimated in all of tested osmotic potentials, the results showed that with decreasing the osmotic potential the length decreased, and the decrement in epicotyl was more than radicle. And seed vigor  decreased with OP decreasing. According to the relation between germination percentage and speed through the z-distribution analysis, the genotypes were classified as tolerant to drought stress, i.e. G11, G15, G16, and. and could be sown successfully under the most drought conditions, compare to other genotypes.

Key words: Osmotic Potential, Polyethylene Glycol PEG₆₀₀₀, Germination Stage, Lentile.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Fatima Antar^(1)*, Ammar Zyoud ⁽²⁾ , and Muhammad Abdel Aziz ⁽¹⁾

 (1) Department of Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2) Center for Scientific Agricultural Research. AL-Ghab, Hama, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Fatima Antar,  E-Mail: anterfatemah@gmail.com).

Received:18/10/2021          Accepted:30/12/2021

Abstract: 

The sorghum variety (Ezraa 7) was used to study the simple correlation and regression between some important traits and grain yield in sorghum, to find out the most studied traits that are related and contributed to yield, so that it helps the researcher to select them in order to obtain the best yield under the influence of different levels of irrigation and fertilization Potassium and sprayed with zinc .The experiment was carried out at Salhab village in Al-Ghab area – Hama governorate during the agricultural season 2020 according Split- Split Design with three replications, where irrigation dates were distributed to the main plots (7,14,21 days) in addition to the control treatment (14 days), while the secondary plots included potassium fertilization rates (60,80,100 kg/ha). And spraying with zinc (0.4, 0.8, 1.2 kg / h).  The results indicated that productivity ton/ha was strongly and significantly positively associated with the trait of grain weight per plant (r=0.865**) and moderately positive with the two traits of harvest index and protein percentage (r=0.328**, r=0.470**), respectively. Also, the correlation of the regression coefficient was positive and strong with the characteristics of the weight of the grains in the plant, the harvest index, the weight of 100 grains and the percentage of protein in the grains and thus it can, and thus can be adopted, these characteristics as electoral criteria to improve the productivity of sorghum under the conditions of cultivation and the studied treatments of irrigation, potash fertilization and spraying with zinc.

Keywords: `sorghum, irrigation, fertilization, potassium, zinc.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Safaa Rahmoun^(1)*  , Walaa Ammar⁽¹⁾ ,Thamer Al- Henish ⁽¹⁾ , and Catherine Naseer⁽¹⁾

(1) Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Safaa Rahmoun. E-Mail: sr014424@gmail.com).

Received:25/08/2021          Accepted:3/01/2022

Abstract: 

This research was carried out in different locations of the scientific agricultural research centers in Hama, Aleppo and Izraa affiliated to the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, to study the performance of 12 genotypes of grass pea and the local variety Aleppo 2 as a check, and they are (Bang-206, Bang-146, Bang-270, Bang-153, Bang-210, Bang-284, Bang-240, Bang-286, Bang-195, Bang-229, Bang-285, Bang-264), during the season (2017-2018), in order to evaluate the variance between genotypes and environments and interaction between them, and to determine the most productive genotypes of seeds and straw in each environmental site, and to determine the most appropriate site for their cultivation, Randomized complete blocks (RCBD) was used with two replications. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between the genotypes and locations and the interaction between them, and the results indicated the superiority of the two genotypes Bang-285 and Bang-286 in the characteristics of plant height, seed yield and hay yield over the check Aleppo2. Whereas, the Bang-285 genotype achieved a significant increase of 24.54% compared to the check Aleppo 2. Izraa research station was the most suitable for the cultivation of these genotypes, as it was the best in terms of early flowering, maturity, seed yield and hay yield.

Key words: genotypes, grass pea, seed yield, hay yield.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohamed Khattab ^(1)* , and Youssef Mohamed ⁽¹⁾, and Basil Hashish⁽¹⁾

(1) Department Of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen- University, Lattakia , Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mohamed Khattab, E-mail: khder8716@gmail.com)

  Received:14/10/2021       Accepted:6/01/2022

Abstract: 

A semi-field research was carried out (in pots) according to the design of random sectors and with three replications in the coastal region (Jableh), and in the laboratories of the Faculty of Agriculture – Tishreen University, where cultivation was carried out on 5/15/2021 in order to study the effect of full irrigation (100%) and water stress ( 50%) (from the beginning of the flowering phase and the beginning of the fullness of the pods) in 5 genotypes of soybean (Sb335, Sb337, Sb339, Sb342, Sb344) and determining the most drought-tolerant by studying several indicators (the number of days from planting until flowering 50% of the soybean Plants – number of days to maturity – plant height (cm) – leaf content of proline (µg/g) – relative moisture content of leaves % – number of seeds per pod – weight of one seed (g) – number of pods per plant – weight of pods on the plant One (g) – weight of 100 seeds (g) – number of seeds per plant – weight of seeds per plant (g)), to reach the electoral evidence that can be considered as a criterion for high productivity under water stress conditions.Most of the studied traits showed high values ​​of GCV and it was associated with a high heritability, which indicates that these traits were relatively less affected by the environment. Water stress also caused a significant decrease in the studied indicators compared to the treatment of the control in the various studied genotypes, as the genotype Sb 335 was characterized by the lowest percentage of decrease in all the studied traits, while the genotypes Sb 342 and Sb 344 were the most sensitive to stress. Seed yield kg/ha was positively and significantly associated with pod weight (r=0.91**), number of seeds per plant (r=0.92**), and number of pods (r=0.73**). These traits showed high values ​​for GCV and GA % and h2B and thus the possibility of using these indicators as selective indicators to improve seed productivity.

Keywords: soybeans, water stress, proline, genetic variation.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Aya Azzam ^(1)*, Aya Kanawaty⁽¹⁾, and Imad aldeen AlKhalaf⁽¹⁾

(1) Dept. of Biology, Faculty of science, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Aya Azzam , E-mail: aya.azzam151094@gmail.com)

  Received:1/06/2021          Accepted:17/01/2022

Abstract: 

Heavy metals are among the most dangerous soil pollutants, including the element chromium, which affects the plant, leading to inhibition plant height and root growth, in addition to ability to low biomass and leaf area. This research was conducted in the Laboratory of Pollution and Plant environment in department of Plant biology, Faculty of sciences, University of Aleppo. The aim of this research is to study of indicators of vegetative growth of Zea Mays L plant under the influence of chromium. The plants were treated with a series of graduated concentrations of potassium dichromate and chromium trioxide (50-100-200-400) mg /l. The Vegetative growth indicators represented by plant height, root system lengths, wet and dry vegetative and root weights and leaf area were studied. Where all the indicators decreased in all the studied concentrations of both valences, and the lowest values ​​of these indicators were recorded at the concentration of 400 mg / L for both hex and trivalent chromium.

Keywords: Chromium, K₂Cr₂O_7, Cr₂O_3, potassium dichromate, chromium trioxide, Zea mays.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Fouzi Salih Faraj^*(1)

(1) Dept of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya.

(*Corresponding author: Fouzi Salih Faraj Email: salehfara1981@yahoo.com)

Received:20/05/2022          Accepted:25/08/2022

Abstract: 

The study aimed to estimate the effect of some variables on agricultural GDP in Libya. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) during the period (1999-2019) was used. Initially Phillips Perron test is used and it concluded that agricultural GDP, agricultural capital formation (ACF), and agricultural labour are found stationary at first difference I(1). Since another variable namely agricultural area (ACA) is stationary at level I(0). For the co-integration test indicated that there is a co-integration between the study variables. The results of estimated coefficients in long run relationship reveal that the agricultural cultivated area and agricultural labour have a positive sign with agricultural GDP and non-significant influence. Likewise, agricultural capital formation is found to be a negative sign and not significant. In the short-run, the agricultural cultivated area and agricultural capital information have positively effect on agricultural GDP while, the labour coefficient has negative effect.

Keywords: Agricultural Cultivated Area; Agricultural Capital Formation;  Agricultural Labour;  Agricultural GDP;  Con-integration;  ARDL;  Libya.

Full paper in English: pdf

Alaa Hammo^*(1)

(1) Directorate of Internal Trade and Consumer Protection in Damascus. Damascus, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Alaa Hammo. E –mail: alaasuliman@outlook.com)

Received:23/11/2021          Accepted:30/12/2021

Abstract: 

Sheep production is one of the most profitable agricultural investments. And it is a complementary activity to plant production, which the rearers depend on as a main source of income, or as a secondary source besides plant production, to meet the family’s needs of meat, milk and its derivatives, and to sell surplus production. Accordingly, the study mainly aimed at studying some social and economic characteristics, and analyzing and describing the sheep production system in Al-Hasakah Governorate. The sample size reached 313 rearers, who were selected by a simple random sampling method, from the administrative regions of Al-Hasakah Governorate. Initial data were collected for the medians of the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons according to a questionnaire prepared for this purpose. The results showed that 92% of rearers within the economic age, and illiteracy among them increased by 45.2%, and the size of their families ranged between 3-13 members, in addition to an important role for women in the production system and the integration between agricultural and animal activity, and that 25.5% of rearers under the category of their holdings are within the category (>10-14) hectares, while 51.56% of the rearers whose area planted with forage crops falls within the category (>4- 8) hectares, 52.32% of the rearers whose holding of sheep fall into the category (less than 19) sheep head, that 91.6% of the rearers renew their herds, and that the source of this renewal is to keep the newborns, and that 98.6% of the rearers follow the method of collective grazing, that 89.17% of the rearers have good knowledge of health and disease aspects, and that the main purpose of production in the study area is self-sufficiency marketing surplus. The study recommends allocating sufficient areas for the cultivation of fodder crops to secure the fodder need, and moving from subsistence production to commercial industrial production by increasing the size of the herd on an annual and gradual basis.

Keywords : Production and Marketing System, Sheep Raiser, Socioeconomic status, Rearing practices.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf