Lorin Ahmad*⁽¹⁾ and Alaa Soubh⁽²⁾

(1). Tartus Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Syria.

(2). Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technical Engineering, Tartous University, Tartous, Syria.

(*Corresponding author : Dr. Lorin Ahmad. E-Mail:   Lorin.ali55@ymail.com).

Received:16/5/2023            Accepted:21/06/2023

Abstract: 

This experiment was conducted at at Research Field of Tarbiat Modares Universityin Tahran. The growth and productivity of saffron were compared under the horizontal and vertical cultivation. Land area intended for the vertical culture was a similar area of each plot in the horizontal culture. The experiment was analyzed as an unbalanced completely randomized design. The results of the first growth year showed that the time and period of germination and flowering in horizontal and vertical culture was similar. The number of flowers, flower and stigma dry weight in the vertical planting system was significantly higher than the horizontal culture. In contrast, the numbers and dry weight of the mother and girl corms in the horizontal system was significantly greater than the vertical system. Dry weight of leaf and root, and the total number of buds and leaves were significantly greater in the horizontal culture. The results of the second growth year showed that germination in vertical culture was later than horizontal culture and vertical planting corms were not able to flowering. The number of leaves, number of buds and number of the girl corms in the horizontal culture was significantly greater than the vertical culture.

Keywords:   saffron, horizontal culture, vertical culture, corm, dry weight.

Full paper in English: pdf

Muthanna Fathi Abdullah ^(1)* and Safwan Luqman Shihab ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Muthanna Fathi Abdullah, Email: muthanna.f.a@uomosul.edu.iq).

 Received:  14/11/2022          Accepted:5/02/2023

Abstract: 

This study was conducted on some breeds of local goats bred in Iraq in order to assess the productivity of milk and its components (fat, protein, lactose and non-fat solids) and some growth characteristics represented by birth and weaning weight. It was noted that there are many breeds raised in Iraq, in addition to the local Iraqi black goats and the Marez, such as the Damascene, Cypriot, and Shami goats, the cross goats (Cypriot x local) and many other species, which are characterized by their high production of milk. The results of the study were also showed that there is a large discrepancy in these traits between studies, which may be due to the influence of genetic structures and environmental factors, especially nutrition, management style, animal age, season and year. This variation can be invested in the processes of genetic improvement of local breeds through selection or cross-breeding with foreign breeds and the dissemination of distinguished genetic structures among herds, as well as providing appropriate environmental conditions for breeding, which in turn will lead to improving the productivity of local goats of meat, milk and its products, which will contribute to increasing the level of production.

Key words: goat milk, components milk, growth goat kids.

Full paper in English: pdf

Waad Sabour^{* (1)}

(1). Department of Animal Biology- Faculty of Sciences- Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Waad Sabour. E-mail: waadsabour@yahoo.com )

Received: 6 /02 /2022         Accepted: 26/06/2022

Abstract: 

The aim of this study is to determine the length-weight relationships (LWRs) with of /388/ specimens of migrant fish Parupeneus forsskali caught in the Syrian Seawater during the period : 15/9/2019 to 22/9/2020, by different fishing tools, especially trammel nets. The following measurements were taken for each individual who were studied: the total length and weight to nearest 0.1cm and 0.01g, respectively.  The relationship of the length calculated for male and female thumbnail, has reashed values (b) calculated 3.0913 for males and 3.0629 for females. Thus it was observed that the calculated (b) value matched for the ideal value, that is, the growth of this type of standard Isometric. The value of appreciation (R²) was close to all individuals and was 0,9217 for females and 0,9473 for males and for all mixed individuals. The results of the morphological study of the stages of development of the male and female gonads morphologically in the studied fish species agreed with the hexagonal scale of gonad maturation in the teleost fish.

Key words: Parupeneus forsskali, Mullidae, L-W relationship, Morphology Gonads changes, Syrian marine waters.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Basim Aboud Aabbas^(1)* 

(1). Dept. of Animal Production,  College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, Iraq.

(*Corresponding Author: Basim Aboud Aabbas. E-mail: bsmmuhandis@yahoo.com).

Received:26/02/2022           Acceptance: 5/06/2022

Abstract: 

A factorial Experiment was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Animal Production/College of Agriculture/ Diyala University / Iraq 2015.in which the effect of the mash water temperature with two levels 25 and 40C and mash moisture with two levels 34.7 and 37.0% In a number of physical quality characteristics of feed pellets. The data were analyzed statistically according to a factorial complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Pellet broken, unbroken pellet, expansion ratio and dust ratio were measured. The results showed that the temperature of the water was increased from 25 to 40 C the percentage of unbroken pellet significantly increased and the percentage of broken pellet and expansion ratio decreased significantly. While there was no significant effect on dust. The increase in the mash moisture from 34.7 to 37.0 % was significantly increased in the unbroken pellet and the expansion ratio and the significant decrease of the broken pellet. While there was no significant effect on dust. The highest unbroken pellet was 86.42%, the lowest broken pellet was 12.84% between the combination of water temperature of 40 °C and moisture of 37.0%, and the lowest percentage of expansion (swelling) at the rate of 1.01% with water temperature of 25 °C and moisture of 34.7%.                                                                                                            Keywords: mash moisture, broken pellet, expansion pellet ratio, mash temperature.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hassan Ahmed Muhdi ^(1)*, Ismaeel Al-Saleh⁽¹⁾, Mansour Ahmed⁽²⁾,  and Al-Mu’tasim Billah Al-Daqer⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Medical and Animal Biotechnology, National Commission for Biotechnology, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Damascus, Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research – Animal Wealth for Research Administration, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author: Dr. Hassan Muhdi, E-mail: Dr74hassan@gmail.com).

Received:26/02/2022       Acceptance: 5/06/2022

Abstract: 

This study was conducted to determine the genetic diversity of Shamii cattle compared to Friesian, Using the Intra simple sequencing repeats (ISSR) by the primer (AGC)6C. Blood samples were drawn from 13 cows (9 Shamii and 4 Friesian). DNA Isolated from blood. PCR products showed 27 different bands with lengths ranging from 158 to 1030 bp in the two strains. Parameters of genetic variance, including the effective number of alleles, Shannon index, and genetic diversity were estimated and the genetic matrix was calculated. Dendogram was drawn. The Shannon coefficient (I-index) values ​​ranged between (0-0.69), with a mean of 0.54, and genetic diversity (h) ranged between (0-0.5) and with a mean of 0.36, as for the number of active alleles (ne) it ranged between (1- 1.988), with a mean of 1.62. The value of the average polymorphic informatics content (PIC) for Shami cows was (0.4479) and for Friesian cows (0.4966). The results of the genetic matrix and dendrogram showed that (AGC)6C  microsatellite is reliable and can be used in the study of genetic diversity; Where it separated the two breeds of Shami cows and Friesian cows.

Keywords: Shamii cattle, ISSR, (AGC)6C, genetic fingerprinting

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Soulaiman issa *⁽¹⁾, Roula jacoub⁽²⁾  and Ali zayak⁽³⁾

(1). Barsheen research station, GCSAR, Hamah, Syria.

(2). Field crops section, Faculty of agriculture, Damascus university, Syria.

(3). Medicinal and aromatic plants section, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author: Soulaiman issa, E- Mail:  soulaimanissa4@gmail.com).

Received: 3/02/2022            Accepted: 14/06/2022

Abstract: 

  The experimental was carried out in (2021) in Barsheen research station (Hamah) to identify the influence of water and alcoholic extracts and essential oil of three species of thyme ( T.vulgaris, O,syriacum, T.syriacus) on apple fruits (golden delicious)  that stored in a vegetable refrigerator on heat (+1,-1 Cْ) by use three concentrations of each extracts for the three species with three replication: 1- Water extract (125, 250, 500) ppm -2- alcoholic extract (75%) (125, 250, 500) ppm -3- Essential oil (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%). The experimental was putted in FRCBD design, and the statically analysis showed that there was significant differences between the studied treatments, and the treatment of T.v oil (1.5%) was the least of infection percentage (3.5%) and the highest percent control (73.3%) comparing with the control treatment (only water). Then alcohlic extract of T.v (500 ppm) with infection percentage (3.9%) and percent control (70.6%). While between the species T.v plant achieved the least infection percentage on average (3.9%)  and percent control avg (70.6%), after it O.s (11.5%) with percent control avg (14.3%). also the treatment Oil (1.5%) was the best with infection percentage avg (4.9%) and percent control avg (62.9%), then the alcoholic extraction (500 ppm) with infection percentage avg (5.03%) and percent control avg (61.9%) without significant variant between them. That’s certificate the biotic activity of different thyme extracts and the ability to reduce the fungi infections in the fruits refrigerators.

Keywords: Infection Percentage,  Water And Alcoholic Extracts,  Essential Oil,    Thyme.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Seham Wannous^{* (1)}, Shaza Mayhoub ⁽¹⁾, Ali Dayyoub ⁽¹⁾, Itaf blal-Nada Yousef ⁽¹⁾, and Nisreen Moustafa ⁽¹⁾

(1). AL-Jmmaseh Research Station, Scientific Agricultural Researches Center of Tartous, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Tartous, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author:SehamWannous. E-Mail: sehamwannous8@ gmail.com).

Received: 13/08/2021          Accepted: 3/07/2022

Abstract: 

During 2019-2020 an experiment was carried out at Al-Jmmaseh Station, Agricultural Research Center in Tartous, Syria, to evaluate four inbred lines of cherry tomato under the covered planting conditions on the Syrian coast in terms of their phonological phases, morphological fruit characters, yield and some of its components in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance shows significant differences between the means for all lines squares studied characters. Among different linesAs2 was the earliest in flowering which needed (30.83) days from planting for 50 percent of its plants to flower by forming (6.31) leaves under the first flowerecent, it also recorded the maximum numbers of flowers and fruits per fluorescent (17.95-16.3respectively). The highest average fruit weight (49.62 g) was observed in line Sa, the maximum fruit height was observed in line MS (4.94cm), while line M registered a maximum fruit diameter (4.41cm), the thickest fruit wall (4.94mm) and the highest fruit yield per plant (1.865k g). These results show the capacity of using the evaluated lines in breeding programs to produce hybrids based on the variances of their studies’ characters.

Key Words: Covered Planting, Cherry Tomato, Inbred Lines,  Morphological Characters- Yield

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ramy Mahmoud ^(1)*, Mahmoud Alio ⁽¹⁾ and Georges Makhoul ⁽²⁾

 (1). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Syria.

(2). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Tishreen University, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author: Ramy Mahmoud, Email: ramymah92@gmail.com )

Received: 9/04/2022             Accepted: 6/06/2022

Abstract: 

This research aims to determine environmental and geographical characteristics that affect Citrus farms productivity in latakia governate. The research has been conducted using on-site form for the season (2020-2021) distributed to a random sample of farmers with a number of 380. The research depended on the descriptive and analytical method and was completed by cluster analysis which enabled of dividing the sample to four specific groups and internally homogeneous based on the studied factors (Aleyrodidae – phyllocnistis citrella – Citrus Mal secco – citrus scab – Mites – Aonidiella aurantii – salinity – lime – slope – moisture – frost – altitude and distance from sea level). Where altitude and distance from sea level were adopted as basic criteria to determine geographical locations. In the next step, variance analysis conducted to compare the average productivity of each item in these four groups in order to choose the best group. The results reveal that the first group was the best for  varieties Navel orange، Java orange and Blood orange while the second group was the best for varieties Navel orange، Blood orange ، valencia، Clementine ،Satsuma and the pummelo and the third group was the best for varieties Valencia ، Clementine، Mandarin، Meyerlemon and Grapefruit as for the last group was the best for . Meyerlemon  and limes balady.

Key words: Citrus, Cluster Analysis, Geographical Locations, Average Productivity

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Soulaiman issa *⁽¹⁾, Roula jacoub⁽²⁾ and Ali zayak⁽³⁾

(1). Barsheen research station, GCSAR, Hamah, Syria.

(2). Field crops section, Faculty of agriculture, Damascus university, Syria.

(3). Medicinal and aromatic plants section, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding Autor: Soulaiman issa, E-Mail:  soulaimanissa4@gmail.com).

Received: 13/02/2022         Accepted: 20/06/2022

Abstract: 

This experiment was carried out during (2019-2020), at Zahid (western) Research Station (Tratus), General commission for Scientific Agricultural research to study the effect of  harvesting  dates of Al Khalili  Thyme (Origanum syriacum L.) which are at ( vegetative stage, flowering, fruit formation, full maturity ) stages on the biomass and essential oil percentage. The statistical analysis results showed out that there was a significant  variation  between the studied collecting times (harvesting dates). and the (fruit formation) stage was the best significantly for the biomass trait (725 Kg.h^-1) then the (Maturity) stage  (570.8 Kg.h^-1) . while the (green grow) stage was the best significantly for the oil percentage trait (4.1%), then the (flowering) stage (3.73%) . so that it is clear, form this studying, the importance of harvesting date on the economic yield of  AL khalili thyme.

Keywords: AL khalili thyme, harvesting date, Biomass, Oil percentage.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Abdul Rahman Al-Khani * ⁽¹⁾, Mahmoud Baghdadi⁽¹⁾, Sattam Al-Khalil⁽²⁾

(1).Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Hama, Syria.

(2).Department of Forestry & Ecology, Hama Agriculture Directorate, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Abdul Rahman Al-Khani. E-Mail: Tiger.akh@gmail.com).

Received: 3/01/2022           Accepted: 20/06/2022

Abstract: 

The research was conducted in Taizin agricultural nursery to determine the effect of soaking with dry yeast extract, marine algae and ajwa of date palm fruits on the hardwood bases of hazelnuts cuttings under mist irrigation conditions; During the 2021 season. The cuttings were treated by soaking in each of the extracts dry yeast(10 and 20g/l), marine algae and date palm fruits at two concentrations of each (5 and 10ml/l). In addition to treatment with the IBA at a concentration of 3000ppm and its use as a witness for comparison. The results showed the superiority of yeast drenched in two concentrations (10 and 20g/l) and marine algae drenched at and ajwa of date palm fruits (10mL/L) over the rest of the treatments and the control in rooted cuttings, The yeast soaked 20g/l was significantly superior to the rest of the treatments and the control in (root length, wet and dry weight of roots, the length of the seedling, the area of the leaf surface, the content of leaves from chlorophyll a, b and total, and the wet and dry weight for seedling), It outperformed the control and yeast 10g/l, marine algae and ajwa of date palm fruits 5ml/l in (the number of roots and number of leaves), and over the control and yeast 10g/l and marine algae with two concentrations (5 and 10ml/l) and ajwa of date palm fruits 5ml/l in the number of branches. The marine algae infusion at a concentration of 10 ml/l was superior to the control, yeast 10g/l, marine algae and dates 5ml/l in (root length, root wet weight, planting length, number of branches, planting wet weight), while the date treatment gave a concentration of 10ml/l the superiority of the control and yeast 10g/l, marine algae and dates 5ml/l in (root length, wet and dry weight of roots, length of planter, number of branches, wet and dry weight of planting, total chlorophyll content of leaves).

Keywords: Hazelnut, Hardwood Cuttings, Dry Yeast, , Marine algae, Ajwa of date palm fruits, Indole Butyric.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf