Dawood Salim Fathullah Al Saqal^(1)*  and Waheeda Ali Ahmed Al- Badrani⁽²⁾

(1). Nineveh Directorate of Agriculture Laboratories and Applied Studies Ministry of Agriculture.

(2). Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources Department of College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dawood ALsaqal, Email: Dawood.agp51@student.uomosul.edu.iq).

Received:22/03/2022                       Accepted: 14/08/2022

Abstract: 

For the agricultural season (2021-2020), an experiment was conducted in two soils in Nineveh Governorate, the first in Al-Hawi soil and the second in Al-Rashidiyah soil, to find out the effect of adding levels of sulfur and phosphorous, and their interaction, on the growth and quantitative and qualitative production of the bean plant. Three levels of sulfur (0, 2, 4 tons ha^-1) and three levels of phosphorous (0, 80, 160 kg P. ha^-1) was given to the experiment. The results indicated that the increased additions of sulfur and phosphate fertilizers at all levels added, whether individually or in combination, led to positive effects in improving most growth characteristics and quantitative and qualitative yield by increasing plant height cm, number of branches. plant^-1, number of pods. plant^-1 and number of seeds. plant^-1 The seed yield (gm. plant^-1), fertilization efficiency%, and protein content (mg. plant^-1). The results showed that the interaction effects of both factors were higher to every element’s effect alone, as the plants receiving the greatest levels of both elements (sulfur 4 tons. ha^-1 and phosphorous 160 kg. ha^-1) improved in most of the parameters evaluated and in both soils. Al-Hawi soil showed a high response to the addition of sulfur and phosphorous at all levels, whether singly or overlapping in the studied traits compared to Al-Rashidiyah soil.

Keywords: Phosphate fertilizer, sulfur. The legume plant.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Bashar Tobo^*(1) , Hikmat Abass⁽¹⁾ , Wael Ali^{(1 )}, Ahmad Mahmoud⁽²⁾ and Wael Habib⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Ecology and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia , Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Bashar Tobo  Email: bashar.tobo33@gmail.com).

Received:11/04/2022                       Accepted: 29/07/2022

Abstract: 

The aim of the research is to assess the economic and social effects of the fir and rice reserve from the local community’ point of view of, and then evaluate the determinants of the population’s satisfaction with this reserve using discrimintal analysis, while satisfaction was measured using the five-point Likert scale. The research was based on preliminary data for a random sample of families living in the vicinity of the reserve in 2021. The size of this sample was 100 families. The focus was on interviewing the household hid to obtain the required information through the study questionnaire.The results showed that the overall evaluation of the reserve from the point of view of the sample members according to the Likert scale tends in favor of the acceptance categories (positive) with an average of 3.5 points, which indicates the positive role of the reserve at the level of the local community. While the negative evaluation was monitored for only three items, which relate to the role of the reserve in developing professions based on the local heritage of the region, its role in increasing the total income of the region, and its role in limiting the migration of young people. As for the level of discriminatory analysis, it was found that there are many factors that distinguish the category of high satisfaction from low satisfaction. The first category was characterized by an increase in the average level of education, age of the head of the household, household size, percentage of income from agriculture, income level and agricultural area, while the second category was distinguished An increase in the average unemployment rate in the household and the extent of utilization of medicinal plants. Using the method of stepwise analysis, these factors were reduced to only three factors, namely, the unemployment rate in the household, which negatively affects the assessment of satisfaction with the reserve, and the percentage of agricultural income and the size of the cattle herd, which positively affect hosusehold satisfaction. This directly reflects the extent of integration between the reserve and the sources of agricultural income, especially cattle breeding.

Keywords: Cedar and Fir Reserve, discrimintal analysis, satisfaction measure, Economic and social effects.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Bikram Bhattaa* ⁽¹⁾, Kabita Subedi ⁽²⁾ , Chandeshwar Prasad Shriwastava ⁽²⁾, Babu Ram Khanala ⁽²⁾, Santosh Marahattaa ⁽²⁾

(1). Faculty of Agriculture, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan 44209, Nepal.

(2). Department of Agriculture, Hariharbhawan, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal.

(*Corresponding author: Bikram Bhattaa, E-mail: agriculturistbhatta@gmail.com).

Received: 17/10/2022         Accepted: 27/02/2023

Abstract: 

A field survey was conducted in former Shardanagar Village Development Committee (VDC), Nepal from November 2018 to June 2019 with the purpose to set the soil fertility map and to assess the land suitability for Cole crops cultivation using the integrating geographical information systems (GIS) and multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) via analytical hierarchy process (AHP).  To achieve the study goals, grid soil sampling method was used where, 70 individual soil samples were collected by using bucket auger from nine wards of Shardanagar VDC and analyzed for the soil fertility mapping. Existing geo-database from national land use project (NLUP) was used for the suitability evaluation of Cole crops with the aid of GIS and MCE.  The (FAO) framework of land suitability (1976) was used for suitability classification. The terrain of the studied area have been characterized in terms of soil drainage, soil depth, organic matter, texture, pH, total nitrogen,  available phosphorous, and  available potassium. Fertility maps were generated by using the inverse distance weight (IDW) interpolation technique. The interpolated results of soil fertility mapping showed that 69.08% of studied land is medium in soil organic matter content and 60.77% are slightly acidic. The areas (87.24% and 84.24%) of research field were medium in nitrogen and potassium content respectively, whereas 59.80 % of areas are high in available phosphorous content. The suitability analysis of Cole crops results showed that 22% of lands are highly suitable and 5.44% of area is moderately suitable that means the more potentiality of Cole crops cultivation in the former Shardanagar VDC area. Therefore, the integration of GIS and MCE using AHP could provide a superior database and guide map for decision- makers to set alternative plans crop cultivation to obtain better agricultural production.

Key words: Geographical information System; Land suitability analysis; Multi-criteria evaluation; Soil Fertility mapping.

Full paper in English: pdf

Mohammad Ranjous^(1)*, Aziza Ajouri⁽¹⁾ and Areej AlKheder⁽²⁾

(1). Dept . of Soil Science and Land Reclamation. Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). General Community for Scientific Agriculture Research, Aleppo Research Center, Damascus, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Mohammad Ranjous E-Mail: mohamedran993@gmail.com).

Received: 23/06/2022         Accepted: 11/09/2022

Abstract: 

A field experiment was conducted out at Shabaa Research station, General Agricultural research community, Damascus to study fertilizer application methods and doses of Zn (soil application: 4 & 8 kg Zn/ha, and foliar application: 2 & 4 mg Zn/l) on some properties of the physical, chemical and fertility soil, as well as the cropping characteristics of the yellow corn variety Ghouta 82, such as the length of the ear, the number of rows in the ear, the number of grains in the row, the number of grains in the corn, the weight of a hundred grains and the grain yield. The results showed no significant differences in most soil characteristics at flowering stage, but significant differences were found at maturity stage. Zn concentration in plant tissue significantly increased when added Zn by all types and doses comparing with control. High doses of fertilizer treatments had superiority over control and had highest values for crop traits, yield components and grain yield. The foliar application was better than soil application in production traits, and the foliar application treatment by (4 mg Zn/l) had highest Zn concentration in plant tissue (59.76 ppm, plant high (177.0 cm), weight of 100 kernel (25.9 gr) and grain yield (556.3 kg/ha).

Keywords: Zn, Soil Fertilizer, Foliar Application, Soil Characteristics, Maize.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Majd Darwish ^(1)* Olla Kajo⁽¹⁾ and Ahmad Darwish⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops. Faculty of Agriculture. Tishreen University. Lattakia. Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Majd  Darwish. E-Mail: majds26@yahoo.com).

Received: 12/04/2022         Accepted: 28/07/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in one of the lands of Ras Al-Ain village (Jableh, Lattakia) during the 2021, the aim of studying the growth and productivity of sweet corn (Dina hybrid) under the influence of foliar spraying with gradient concentrations of gibberellic acid (50, 100, 150, 200) ppm. The results showed a significant response to the treatments of gibberellic acid spraying compared with the control, where the spraying treatment with concentrations (100 and 150) ppm improved the growth and development of corn plants through the noticeable increase in the characteristics of each of the plant height (cm) and the total leaf area (cm²) and the leaf area index And the net rate of photosynthesis (g/cm²/day), which was positively reflected on the studied yield indicators (number of ears on the plant, number of rows in grouse, number of grains in a row, and percentage of netting %) compared to other studied treatments, as for concentration spray. 200 ppm, a significant increase was observed in the yield of green ears and the refining percentage %.

Keywords: Sweet corn, Gibberellin acid, Hybrid (Dyna).

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Usraa Tariq Bakr ⁽¹⁾, Abbas Abd Ahmed Al-Tamimi ^(2)*, Omar Ahmed and Hamad Al-Jubouri ⁽³⁾

(1). College of Agriculture, University of Tikrit, Iraq.

(2). College of Agriculture, Diyala University, Iraq

(3). College of Agriculture / Hawija – University of Kirkuk – Iraq.

(*Corresponding author Abbas Abd Ahmed. E-mail: Altimimiabab8@gmail.com).

Received: 25/12/2022         Accepted: 26/03/2023

Abstract: 

  In this research, indicators of achieving sustainable agricultural development it studied in Diyala Governorate – Iraq, by analyzing agricultural production indicators related to some of the goals of sustainable development. A simple regression analysis it also conducted for GDP as a dependent factor, and agricultural and industrial GDP as independent factors. In addition to studying the indicators of agricultural production related to the quantities of production of basic crops, and their per capita share. The rate of use of modern technologies in the agricultural sector and the efficiency of natural resource management. In addition to studying the number of workers in the agricultural sector by gender and qualification, the study found a set of evidence that indicated the lack of efficiency in achieving the goals of agricultural development targeted by the study. As the use of agricultural machinery did not cover the agricultural areas as planned, in addition to the inefficiency in the use of the irrigation water resource and the agricultural lands it not optimally utilized. The study recommended the necessity of increasing the level of technology in agricultural production and regulating the use of the irrigation water resource with modern irrigation techniques. It also recommended improving the efficiency of environmental management by increasing green areas and increasing the areas planted with necessary crops.

Keywords: Agricultural Development, Environmental Management, Economic Growth, Diyala Governorate.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Maher Shaheen* ^(1)*,  Kenda Deeb ⁽²⁾ and Fayez Al- Moqdad ⁽³⁾

(1). Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Business Management, Faculty of Economics, Tishreen University, Syria.

(3). Socio-Economic Research, GCSAR, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Maher Shaheen. E-Mail: maher.shaheen@yahoo.com).

Received: 26/07/2022         Accepted: 27/03/2022

<Abstract: 

The present study was conducted on the teams working in the directorates, independent departments, and centers within the general commission of scientific agricultural research during 2019-2021. The study aimed at determining the effect of diversity and size variables on team cohesiveness. Two indicators of diversity were used (diversity in age and diversity in the educational level). Two concepts of team size were also used (team absolute size and team relative size). The diversity variable was measured based on Blau (1977) indicator, while the other variables (absolute team, relative team, and cohesiveness) were measured depending on data collected using a questionnaire designed for this purpose.  The questionnaire was distributed to the study sample which consists of 203 teams chosen from the study community which consists of 427 teams by using Stephan Thampson’s equation. The selected sample is made up of 1262 members, that is, the number of distributed questionnaires were 1262. The data was analyzed using SPSS 24. The study arrived at the following conclusions: there is a significant effect of diversity in age and educational level on team cohesiveness. With regards to the size variable, the study showed that there is no significant effect of absolute team size on its cohesiveness, while there is a significant effect of relative size on its cohesiveness.

Keywords: work team, team diversity, relative size, absolute size, team cohesiveness.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Nadhim Mohamad Jawad Ali⁽¹⁾, Waleed  Youssef  Kassem, ^(2)*and Amad Falah Hassan⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.

(2). Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Waleed Kassin, email: waleed.yosief@uobasrah.edu.iq)

Received: 10/03/2023         Accepted: 29/03/2023

Abstract: 

This study has been carried out in the animal field of the College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, for the period 1/12/2020 to 1/3/2021. Twenty-four male lambs of Arabi breed  were randomly distributed to six treatments (4 lambs for each treatment), to investigate the effect of two type of diet (pellet and crushed) with the level of malic acid and the on some production traits such as live weights, total and daily weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and some of carcass characteristics such as hot carcass, dressing percentage, major cuts (neck, shoulder, rib, loin, leg and fat-tail) as well as carcass waste organs. The treatments were as follows: (T1) crushed condensed diet without the addition of malic acid (0). (T2) crushed condensed diet with the addition of malic acid as 4 g/kg feed. (T3) crushed condensed diet with added malic acid as 8 g/kg feed. (T4) without adding malicious acid (0). (T5) pellet feed with added malic acid as a 4 g/kg feed. (T6) pellet feed with added malic acid for 8 g/kg feed. The results indicated the pellet diet and  the level of 4g of malic acid/kg of feed treatments were a significant increase (P<0.05) in the live body weights, total and daily gain weight, dressing percentage, feed efficiency, hot carcass weight and some weights of cuts compared to crushed diet and of 0g of malic acid/kg of feed treatments.

Keywords: Malic acid, Carcass characteristics, Male Arabi lambs, Pellet and crushed diets.

Full paper in English:  pdf

Yana Soliman^(1)*, Adib Saad⁽¹⁾  and Vienna Hmmoud ⁽²⁾

(1). Marine Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Tartus University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: En. Yana soliman. Email:yanaa.soliman.89@gmail.com)

Received: 23/05/2022                   Accepted: 27/07/2022

Abstract: 

This study deals with the determination of heavy metals Copper (Cu) , Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in the muscles, liver and gonads of economic fish species Mullus barbatus (Mullidae),which were collected from three sites in the Syrian Coast vary in the level of contamination, during August 2019 to May 2020. The results showed that the muscles had the lower metal concentrations of Copper, Lead and Cadmium with an average of (0.553 – 0.056-0.014 µg/g wet weight) respectively, compared with the liver and gonads with an average of (8.681-0.23- 0.139 µg/g wet weight) (0.825-0.115-0.06) respectively. Changes in the concentrations of metals (copper, Lead and Cadmium) were observed due to the sampling areas. None of the values in the muscles exceeded the permissible extents, hence would not couse any hazard to health consumers.

Keywords: Mullus barbatus, Copper, Lead, Cadmium, polution , Syrian Coast. 

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hashim Hadi Al-Jebory^(1)* ,  Elsagheer, M.A. ⁽²⁾  H.Q. Baqer ⁽³⁾ , Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Saeedi⁽⁴⁾ , Israa L. Al-jeryan⁽¹⁾ and Fadhil Al-Khfaji⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of animal production, agriculture college, Al-Qasim green university, Babylon, Iraq.

(2). Animal production department. Faculty of agriculture. Al-Azhar University, Assiut . Egypt

(3). Kerbala University, College of Agriculture, Kerbala province, Iraq

(4). Department of Environmental – College of Environmental Sciences- Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq

(*Corresponding author, Dr. Hashim Al-Jebory- Email: hashimhadi@agre.uoqasim.edu.iq)

Received:  7/01/2023                    Accepted: 27/02/2023

Abstract: 

This study included two consecutive experiments, the first experiment was conducted in the hatchery of Al-Anwar company in Babylon province for the period from 30/7/2017 to 19/8/2017 in order to investigate the effect of injecting hatching eggs to broiler breeder with different levels of nano-silver, and then examining its subsequent effect on histology traits of the hatched chicks exposed to heat stress, as the experimental treatments were the treatment T1 without injection as a negative control, and the treatment T2 was an injection of 0.3 ml of Nacl solution as a positive control, and the treatments T3, T4, T5 and T6 were injections of hatching eggs with 12,14,16, and 18 ppm of a nano-silver solution, respectively. The hatched chicks from the above treatments were reared in the poultry farm of the Department of Animal Production at the College of Agriculture / Al-Qasim Green University for the period from 8/19/2017 to 9/22/2017, and were exposed to a periodic temperature. (28-32-28 m ⸰) and the results showed A high significant (P≤0.01) of T6 was detected in the length of the villi in the jejunum period and the treatments were higher T3, T4, in width of villi while all the injection treatment significantly higher in the depth crypts compared with treatment control.

Keyword: broiler, nano-silver, injection, histology.  

Full paper in Arabic: pdf