Fedaa Wanos*⁽¹⁾, Zuheir Shater⁽¹⁾ And Ali Thabeet⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Forestry and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Forestry and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author. Fedaa wanos. E-mail: fedaawanos@gmail.com)

Received:  28/10/2021                   Accepted: 26/06/2022

Abstract: 

This research aimed to evaluate the relationships between climate factors and rings- width of Cupressus sempervirens var horizontalis. For that, One sample was selected throughout the natural distribution of Cupressus sempervirens in (Abo- klyfon village) in the eastern slope of Coastal Mountains in AL-ghab region in November 2019. Cores per 7 trees were sampled. Dendroclimatology techniques were applied on them. Ring – widths refer to the rings of  tree or annual rings, Ring – width results from new growth of active cambium, clear ring results from changing of growth in seasons, then one ring refer to one year of tree’s life. The results of this research showed length of the time–series of Cupressus sempervirens̛’s ring – width among trees ranging from 96 to 265 years. Average annual growth of the first period was 2.66mm, followed by 56 years of rapid growth, After that 43 years of stable growth. followed by 77years of slow growth. Then a greater slowdown has seen in the average of annual growth being 0.99mm and a large variation in Ring – widths, Sample’s Trees formed many missing and narrow rings, In addition, There are (9) positive and (5) negative Pointer years.

Keywords: Cupressus sempervirens, Dendroclimatology, Ring – Width , AL-Ghab, Eastern slope of the Syrian Coastal Mountain Chain.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Hussam Hdaiwah^*(1), Mazen Nassour⁽¹⁾ and Issa Kbybo⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(2). Department of soil and water sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

 (*Hussam Hdaiwah , E-mail: Hussam. hdaiwah76@gmail.com)

Received: 8 /04/2022                                    Accepted: 15 /06/2022

Abstract: 

TThe research was carried out in Lattakia, in cooperation by Horticulture, soil and water sciences Departments, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University during two seasons (2018-2019) and (2019-2020). The aim of this research was to determine the role of bio and organic fertilization and phosphogypsum on some microbial groups (Bacteria,Fungi,Actinomycete) of planted soil with Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum grandiflorum). in order to getrid of phosphogypsum by safe way on environment,and as a result save the cost of  fertilization,in addition to phosphogypsum is an important source of calcium ,sulphur,and phosphorous. Bio fertilizer by EM1(2ml\m²) was applied tow times, one week after planting and one month after the first one. organic fertilization and phosphogypsum was used for 2kg/m² applied before planting. The results showed that the use of bio and organic fertilization and phosphogypsum caused an increase in EC and a decrease in pH in the studied soil , and an increase of fungi and actinomycete after addition of  the phosphogypsum with organic or bio-fertilization or together ,compared with its number in the soil before planting and compared with a control. Bacteria^,s number decreased with decrease in pH of the studied soil ,while the number increased in T1and T2 so the pH was (6.95,7.38) consecutively. Adecrease of the total number  of microbial groups in end of the flowering compared with beginning was noticed for all treatments.

Keywords: chrysanthemum, biofertilizer EM1 , phosphogypsum ,organic fertilization

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Bashar Tobo^(1)*

(1). Latakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Bashar Tobo. E-Mail:  bashar.tobo33@gmail.com)

        Received:24/06/2022              Accepted:20/01/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in 2019 at the Management and Organization Center, which is located in the village of Mardash of the city of Suqaylabiyah on the eastern side of the Lattakia mountain range. Ten trees were felled at the site and the products of pruning the cut trees (branches, twigs and leaves) were used in the carbonization operations, And after sorting the resulting wood into two parts, the first is synthetic wood whose diameters ranged from 15 cm and above, This was excluded from the carbonization operations, and the second section: is the branches and small branches that ranged from 2 to 15 cm in diameter approximately, It is used in carbonization operations, The carbonization process was carried out in the traditional way according to several steps. Two different experiments in the field of carbonizing beaked eucalyptus wood were carried out on site by the same workers. The results of the calcification of Eucalyptus charcoal showed that for 1 ton of Eucalyptus charcoal we generally need about 6 tons of Carbonization wood. Results of the apparent properties of calcareous Eucalyptus charcoal showed that it is light weight and takes about 0.6 minutes to ignite, and about 9 minutes to fully glow if it is slow to ignite and gives smoke with an odor during ignition. It takes 19.3 minutes to extinguish and dissipate after grow, rays and annual growth rings do not appear clearly. Results of  the physical properties of  Eucalyptus charcoal showed that the specific temperature value was 0.851 cal \ g., The heat value of combustion is 282.5 cal \ g.

Keywords: Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn., Timber, Carbonization, Al-Ghab, Hama, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf 

Muhammad Nael Khattab ⁽¹⁾, Nizar Harba⁽²⁾ and Elena Saleh^(3)*

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen, University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng Elena Saleh . E-Mail:  anterfatemah@gmail.com )

        Received:26/05/2022               Accepted:2/12/2021

Abstract: 

 Drought is one of the main environmental factors determining the yield of maize crop in the Mediterranean region, which calls for determining the performance, evaluation and estimation of the drought tolerance of maize genotypes, which has become the most important goal for plant breeders. The study aimed to evaluate the most important selection indicators for drought tolerance: Drought Resistance Coefficient (DTI), Golden Mean (GM), Harmonic Average Production (HM), Mean Productivity (MP), Modified Drought Tolerance Coefficient 1 (MSTIK1), Relative Drought Coefficient (RDI), Drought sensitivity index (SDI), sensitivity to drought index (SSI), stress sensitivity index (SSPI), stress tolerance index (STI), drought tolerance index (TOL), yield coefficient (YI), yield stability index (YSI), to distinguish Drought-tolerant maize genotypes with high production capacity, and the determination of the drought tolerance index most closely related to tolerance. The study included 5 genotypes of yellow maize, the study was carried out under field conditions in Dahr Barakat area of ​​Jableh countryside in Lattakia governorate during the 2021 agricultural season. Water stress was applied at each stage of growth, and the performance of the genotypes was compared with the irrigated control, the design of the complete random sectors was used with a split plot system for once and with three replications, where the genotypes (G) were occupied by the secondary plots, while the main plots were occupied by irrigation treatments. The best evidence for selection indicators of drought tolerance that was positively and significantly correlated with seed yield under stress (Ys) and non-stress (Yp) conditions are (DTI), (GM), (HM), (MP), (MSTIK1), (RDI). (STI), (GMP). Therefore, we recommend that plant breeders rely on these indicators, which clearly showed their ability to distinguish between genotypes, and use the genotypes (Ghouta 1, Nour, and C188) as parents in breeding programs and genetic improvement for drought tolerance in maize plants.

Key words: Yellow Maize, Drought Indicators, Water Stress, Seed Yield.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Alaa Aboud^(1)*  Faisal Hamed⁽²⁾   and   Fahed Al-biski⁽³⁾

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus (GCSAR), Syria.

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(3). Department of Biotechnology, (GCB), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Alaa Aboud. E-Mail:  Discovery_ao@hotmail.com )

Received:6/06/2022            Accepted:28/04/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out for the benefit of the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research during (2019-2021) on 27 phenotypes of cultivated (black) berries, in addition to 3 wild cultivars in order to evaluate them morphologically and genetically. Where the formal study was carried out in the sites of Kom and Khan Arnabah (Quneitra governorate), Darbel (Damascus countryside governorate) and Hawt (Suwayda governorate) by adopting 28 formal indicators. The molecular study was carried out in the laboratories of the General Authority for Biotechnology/Department of Plant Biotechnology/, using 16 ISSR technology primers.   Results showed a difference between the local (cultivated) mulberry cultivars about morphological and agricultural characteristics, where the average percent disagreement values (PDV) for the studied site were 0.30, and the morphological cluster analysis indicated the separation of berry cultivars in a group independent of the three wild cultivars, and the 1kh phenotypes has a single cluster. The molecular study showed genetic differences between the studied phenotypes, where the average percent disagreement values (PDV) were 0.72, all the primers used gave a polymorphism of 100%, and the molecular cluster analysis clearly indicated that the genotypes of each site were unique to an independent group (Al-Koum, Khan Arnabeh, Darbul). Mantel test showed a weak and insignificant correlation between morphological and molecular data (r = 0.27). The results also showed the efficiency of the ISSR technique in determining the degree of genetic variation and distinguishing between the studied phenotypes, thus this technique is an efficient tool in genetic diversity studies.

Keywords: berries, Shami cultivar, ISSRs, Morus nigra L., Genetic diversity, Polymorphism.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Lorin Ahmad*⁽¹⁾ and Alaa Soubh⁽²⁾

(1). Tartus Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Research (GCSAR), Syria.

(2). Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technical Engineering, Tartous University, Tartous, Syria.

(*Corresponding author : Dr. Lorin Ahmad. E-Mail:   Lorin.ali55@ymail.com).

Received:16/5/2023            Accepted:21/06/2023

Abstract: 

This experiment was conducted at at Research Field of Tarbiat Modares Universityin Tahran. The growth and productivity of saffron were compared under the horizontal and vertical cultivation. Land area intended for the vertical culture was a similar area of each plot in the horizontal culture. The experiment was analyzed as an unbalanced completely randomized design. The results of the first growth year showed that the time and period of germination and flowering in horizontal and vertical culture was similar. The number of flowers, flower and stigma dry weight in the vertical planting system was significantly higher than the horizontal culture. In contrast, the numbers and dry weight of the mother and girl corms in the horizontal system was significantly greater than the vertical system. Dry weight of leaf and root, and the total number of buds and leaves were significantly greater in the horizontal culture. The results of the second growth year showed that germination in vertical culture was later than horizontal culture and vertical planting corms were not able to flowering. The number of leaves, number of buds and number of the girl corms in the horizontal culture was significantly greater than the vertical culture.

Keywords:   saffron, horizontal culture, vertical culture, corm, dry weight.

Full paper in English: pdf

Muthanna Fathi Abdullah ^(1)* and Safwan Luqman Shihab ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Muthanna Fathi Abdullah, Email: muthanna.f.a@uomosul.edu.iq).

 Received:  14/11/2022          Accepted:5/02/2023

Abstract: 

This study was conducted on some breeds of local goats bred in Iraq in order to assess the productivity of milk and its components (fat, protein, lactose and non-fat solids) and some growth characteristics represented by birth and weaning weight. It was noted that there are many breeds raised in Iraq, in addition to the local Iraqi black goats and the Marez, such as the Damascene, Cypriot, and Shami goats, the cross goats (Cypriot x local) and many other species, which are characterized by their high production of milk. The results of the study were also showed that there is a large discrepancy in these traits between studies, which may be due to the influence of genetic structures and environmental factors, especially nutrition, management style, animal age, season and year. This variation can be invested in the processes of genetic improvement of local breeds through selection or cross-breeding with foreign breeds and the dissemination of distinguished genetic structures among herds, as well as providing appropriate environmental conditions for breeding, which in turn will lead to improving the productivity of local goats of meat, milk and its products, which will contribute to increasing the level of production.

Key words: goat milk, components milk, growth goat kids.

Full paper in English: pdf

Waad Sabour^{* (1)}

(1). Department of Animal Biology- Faculty of Sciences- Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Waad Sabour. E-mail: waadsabour@yahoo.com )

Received: 6 /02 /2022         Accepted: 26/06/2022

Abstract: 

The aim of this study is to determine the length-weight relationships (LWRs) with of /388/ specimens of migrant fish Parupeneus forsskali caught in the Syrian Seawater during the period : 15/9/2019 to 22/9/2020, by different fishing tools, especially trammel nets. The following measurements were taken for each individual who were studied: the total length and weight to nearest 0.1cm and 0.01g, respectively.  The relationship of the length calculated for male and female thumbnail, has reashed values (b) calculated 3.0913 for males and 3.0629 for females. Thus it was observed that the calculated (b) value matched for the ideal value, that is, the growth of this type of standard Isometric. The value of appreciation (R²) was close to all individuals and was 0,9217 for females and 0,9473 for males and for all mixed individuals. The results of the morphological study of the stages of development of the male and female gonads morphologically in the studied fish species agreed with the hexagonal scale of gonad maturation in the teleost fish.

Key words: Parupeneus forsskali, Mullidae, L-W relationship, Morphology Gonads changes, Syrian marine waters.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Basim Aboud Aabbas^(1)* 

(1). Dept. of Animal Production,  College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, Iraq.

(*Corresponding Author: Basim Aboud Aabbas. E-mail: bsmmuhandis@yahoo.com).

Received:26/02/2022           Acceptance: 5/06/2022

Abstract: 

A factorial Experiment was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Animal Production/College of Agriculture/ Diyala University / Iraq 2015.in which the effect of the mash water temperature with two levels 25 and 40C and mash moisture with two levels 34.7 and 37.0% In a number of physical quality characteristics of feed pellets. The data were analyzed statistically according to a factorial complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Pellet broken, unbroken pellet, expansion ratio and dust ratio were measured. The results showed that the temperature of the water was increased from 25 to 40 C the percentage of unbroken pellet significantly increased and the percentage of broken pellet and expansion ratio decreased significantly. While there was no significant effect on dust. The increase in the mash moisture from 34.7 to 37.0 % was significantly increased in the unbroken pellet and the expansion ratio and the significant decrease of the broken pellet. While there was no significant effect on dust. The highest unbroken pellet was 86.42%, the lowest broken pellet was 12.84% between the combination of water temperature of 40 °C and moisture of 37.0%, and the lowest percentage of expansion (swelling) at the rate of 1.01% with water temperature of 25 °C and moisture of 34.7%.                                                                                                            Keywords: mash moisture, broken pellet, expansion pellet ratio, mash temperature.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hassan Ahmed Muhdi ^(1)*, Ismaeel Al-Saleh⁽¹⁾, Mansour Ahmed⁽²⁾,  and Al-Mu’tasim Billah Al-Daqer⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Medical and Animal Biotechnology, National Commission for Biotechnology, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Damascus, Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research – Animal Wealth for Research Administration, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author: Dr. Hassan Muhdi, E-mail: Dr74hassan@gmail.com).

Received:26/02/2022       Acceptance: 5/06/2022

Abstract: 

This study was conducted to determine the genetic diversity of Shamii cattle compared to Friesian, Using the Intra simple sequencing repeats (ISSR) by the primer (AGC)6C. Blood samples were drawn from 13 cows (9 Shamii and 4 Friesian). DNA Isolated from blood. PCR products showed 27 different bands with lengths ranging from 158 to 1030 bp in the two strains. Parameters of genetic variance, including the effective number of alleles, Shannon index, and genetic diversity were estimated and the genetic matrix was calculated. Dendogram was drawn. The Shannon coefficient (I-index) values ​​ranged between (0-0.69), with a mean of 0.54, and genetic diversity (h) ranged between (0-0.5) and with a mean of 0.36, as for the number of active alleles (ne) it ranged between (1- 1.988), with a mean of 1.62. The value of the average polymorphic informatics content (PIC) for Shami cows was (0.4479) and for Friesian cows (0.4966). The results of the genetic matrix and dendrogram showed that (AGC)6C  microsatellite is reliable and can be used in the study of genetic diversity; Where it separated the two breeds of Shami cows and Friesian cows.

Keywords: Shamii cattle, ISSR, (AGC)6C, genetic fingerprinting

Full paper in Arabic: pdf