Rasool H. Khalati^{(1) (2)*}and  Khalid C. K. Al-Salhie⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah city, Iraq.

(2). Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Wasit, Wasit city,

^(*Corresponding author: Dr. Rasool Khalati, E-Mail: gl804@uowasit.edu.iq: KCKA: khalid.chillab@uobasrah.edu.iq ).

Received:9/01/2022            Accepted: 17/05/2023

Abstract: 

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of different nano-propolis concentrations on productive performance, serum antioxidant and thyroid hormones of broiler chickens. A total of 144 one-day-old, unsexed broiler chickens with an average body weight of 40 g were used in this study. The birds were divided into 4 treatments, each with 36 birds, and each group include three replicates (12 birds per replicate). The first treatment consumed reverse osmosis (R.O) drinking water without additions (control), whereas the second, third, and fourth treatments consumed reverse osmosis (R.O) drinking water containing 50, 100, and 150 µl of nano-propolis per liter, respectively. Overall body weight, weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly (p ≤0.05) increase when nano-propolis add to drinking water of second, third, and fourth groups. Nano-propolis supplementation significantly (p ≤0.05) increased thyroid hormones concentration, including thyroxin (T4), tri-iodothyronin (T3), enzyme activity, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). On the other hand, nano-propolis supplementation significantly (p ≤0.05) decreased malondialdehyde concentration (MDA). The results indicated no significant (p > 0.05) difference in the cumulative feed intake, cumulative water intake and catalase enzyme among all groups. It be concluded, the addition of 50,100 and 150 μl of nano-propolis per liter of drinking water were improved productive performance, some serum antioxidant parameters that include GPx, SOD, MDA and thyroid hormones such as T4 and T3. Nano-propolis in current study without effect on the cumulative feed intake, cumulative water intake and catalase enzyme of broiler chickens.

Keywords: Broiler Chickens, Nano-Propolis, Productive Performance, Serum Antioxidant.

Full paper in English: pdf

Mouzahem ALDahoul^(1)* and Bahaa ALRahban⁽²⁾

(1). Researcher in the GCSAR, The Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Salamieh, Hama, Syria.
(2). Researcher in the GCSAR, The Administration of Plant Protection Researches, Damascus, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Mouzahem Mohammad ALDahoul, E-mail: mailto:m.dahool1975@gmail.com)

Received:29/07/2022          Accepted: 15/10/2022

Abstract: 

An experiment was carried out by designing randomized complete block with three replications, at the Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Salamieh (Syria) during 2018-2019. We are studied the effect of several rates of the Aclonifen herbicide in controlling the white mustard weed (Sinapis alba L.), and on the formation of bacterial nodes on the roots of lentil crop plants, and its productivity. The results showed that the three herbicide rates (600, 900, 1200 g a.i./ha) of Aclonifen herbicide had controlled white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and increased the number of bacterial nodes on lentil roots compared to weedy control, with a preference for the highest rate (1200 g a.i./ha) with the highest efficiency (69.2%) according to the dry weight of the weeds, and with the highest number of bacterial nodes (13.3 node/plant). The weed free treatment gave the best weed control and the highest number of bacterial nodes (13.8 node/plant), and the highest biological yield (hay and seeds) of lentil with significant differences compared to other treatments, and increased the productivity of hay and seeds by 8 times compared to the weedy control, followed by the rate (1200 g a.i./ha) of Aclonifen used, with 4 times more for hay and 6 times more for seeds.

Key words: Aclonifen herbicide, white mustard, lentil, bacterial nodes.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Rami Bou Hamdan^{* (1)} Wajeh Kassis ⁽²⁾ and Mazen Bufaur ⁽¹⁾ 

(1). As-Suwayda Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.
(2). Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Rami Bou Hamdan. E-Mail: ramy.alswaida@gmail.com ).

Received:14/06/2022       Accepted: 2/10/2022

Abstract: 

The study was conducted in 2019 at As-Suwayda Research Center in As-Suwayda governorate /Syria, to study the susceptibility of the codling moth Cydia pomonella to the Chlorpyrifos pesticide. The results shows that the Third-instar larvae of Cydia pomonella has developed a vigor tolerance to chlorpyrifos, and reached a resistance rate (RR) was (3.53, 3.55, 3.55) after (24, 48, 72) hours, respectively. The diapaused larvae of the codling moth (males and females) developed ultra vigor tolerance to chlorpyrifos, the resistance rate was (8.75, 9.52, 9.16) for male larvae and (8.86, 9.35, 8.95) for females after (24, 48, 72) hours, respectively, while ultra vigor tolerance was observed in the non-diapausing fifth-instar larvae, the resistance rate was (6.64, 7.7, 7.8) for males and (6.9, 8.16, 7.92) for females after (24, 48, 72) hours, respectively. We noted that the resistance rate of female larvae was higher than males, and the resistance rate of males and females of diapaused larvae was higher than third and non-diapausing fifth-instar larvae. Based on the results, we noted that the different larval instars showed tolerance to chlorpyrifos pesticide, while it didn´t reach to resistance, this calls for the pesticide shouldn´t be used extensively on pome trees, so that tolerance didn´t develop into resistance in the long term. In addition, the pesticide had to be used as part of a rotation cycle with other modern pesticides.

Key words: Cydia pomonella, larval instars, insecticide resistance, vigor tolerance, chlorpyrifos, Syria

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Alisar shaabow^(1)*, Nisreen Dib⁽¹⁾, Amal Haj Hasan⁽¹⁾, Ammar Askaria⁽¹⁾, and Rami Adra⁽¹⁾

 (1). General Commission Agriculture scientific Research, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Alisar Shaabow. E-Mail: alisar.nadeem@yahoo.com)

Received: 18/08/2022         Accepted: 7/09/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at the agricultural scientific Center in Lattakia, within a 400 m² greenhouse planted with cucumbers during 2022 spring, the research included four treatments: (Control, spraying with chemical pesticides: Rival, Pantix, and biopesticide: Trichoderma Harizianum), in order to study the effect of these treatments in reducing the incidence of Powny Mildow disease on cucumber, and its reflection on the production quantity. The results showed that all the tested pesticides were effective in reducing the severity of the disease compared to the control, and   the biopesticide T. Harizianum was the most efficient in reducing the severity of infiction by 70.50% compared to chemical pesticides, and it was 62.24, and 61.66% for Rival and Pantex, respectively, after a week of spraying, the results also showed the persistence of chemical pesticides for a longer period than biopesticide in reducing the severity of infection, and T. Harizianum treatment significantly outperformed the rest of the treatments, in terms of the average total number of fruits per plant, that it was 15.76fruits/plant, and the total production was 3232.32 kg/dunum.

Key words: Cucumber, Greenhouse, Powny Mildow, Chemical Pesticides, Biological control, Productivity. 

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohamead Abd ElAziz⁽¹⁾ and Norma Alshemali*⁽²⁾

(1) Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University ,Latakia, Syria. 

(2) Syria Trading, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author. Dr. Norma Alshemali.  E-Mail: nalshemali5@gmail.com)

Received: 7/ 07 /2022                         Accepted: 25/ 10/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out during the agricultural season 2021-2022 at Muhardah , Hamah Governorate, to study the effect of Potassium soil fertilization using three rates (60-80-100) kg/h on some growth characteristics and yield components of the durum wheat (Buhuth11) and determination of the ideal rates of it under the conditions of the Al-Ghab area. The experiment was designed by randomized complete block design RCBD with three replications, Results showed the excellence of the fertilization rate (100) kg/h of Potassium fertilizer in the number of total and fertile tillers, number of spikes in the spike, number of Grains per spike and the highest average of spike length traits, while the rate of 80  kg/h gave the highest average of plant height, last internode length, number of internodes and leaves traits, and rate (60) kg/h gave the highest average for the 100-grain weight and the grain weight/spike traits.

Keywords: Wheat, Potassium fertilization, growth properties, Yield components.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Nagham Allan*^(1), Emad Koubaily⁽¹⁾ and Wael Ali⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Forestry and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Nagham Allan Lattakia. Syria. E-mail: naghamallan5@gmail.com)

Received: 17/07/2022              Accepted:20/10/2022

Abstract: 

This research was carried out in Wata Al Rastin -Al Bahloulyia site – Lattakia for the year (2020-2022) to study the wood productivity of a pure forest of (cupressus sempervirens L.) at the age of 25 yr. The area of each plot was 400 m². The following parameters were taken for each plot: tree number, diameter at breast height, crown width trees, and 15 trees height. A developed equations (for the year 2022) was applied, It was Previously reached by cutting down 8 of cypress trees in the same study area and estimated the form factor, the wood stock, and the biomass. The results showed that the mean form factor was 0.30, and the wood stock was 172.75 m³/ha with tree density 247 tree/ha . For the mean biomass, it amounted 403.30 ton/ha. The mean annual increment achieved value of 6.91 m³/ha/year and the base area 4.69 m²/ha.

Key words: Wood Productivity, Wood Stock, Biomass, cupressus sempervirens .

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

May Ayyash^(1)* , Hassan Kaur⁽¹⁾ , Abdul Mohsen Al-Sayed Omar⁽²⁾ and Yasser  Al Salama⁽³⁾

 (1). Dept. of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Dept. of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(3). Dept. of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Al Furat University, Der Ezzor, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mai Alayash E-Mail: maiayash1980@gmail.com)

Received: 25/06/2022              Accepted:16/10/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at Kuskeis Research Station during the agricultural season 2019/2020, to show the effect of isolates of mycorrhizae on the growth of the black barley crop under rain-fed conditions. turf, onion, corn) and my mycorrhizal concentration was (2.5 ml, 5 ml) in addition to the control, By studying the growth indicators, it was found that the treatment (bm22) mycorrhizae type II, the second concentration, was superior among the treatments with respect to plant height, and the treatment (bm32) mycorrhizal type III, the second concentration, with respect to root length and spike length, and the results showed for plant weight and root weight the superiority of treatment (bm22). Mycorrhiza type II concentration II plant weight, And the treatment (bm12) mycorrhiza the first type, the second concentration for the weight of the root, and the superiority of the treatments of (bm22) the second type, the second concentration, in the weight of a thousand grains, the number of spikes in m2 and grain yield, as well as in the availability of phosphorous in the soil, As for potassium in soil, the treatment (bm32) of the third type outperformed the second concentration in its availability, and the superiority of treatment (bm22) in the rate of mycorrhizal infection in all stages of plant growth, this treatment was the best in the rate of infection and response to the vaccine and the reflection of that On the availability of phosphorous and plant growth by improving its productivity in rain-fed conditions

Key words: drought, barley, mycorrhiza, (Arbuscular Mycorrhiza fungi) AMF

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohammad Nizam^(1)* and Ziad Khouri ⁽¹⁾

(1). Latakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(^*Corresponding author: Dr: Mohammad Nizam. E-Mail: mohammad.nizam.85@hotmail.com).

Received: 14/03/2022             Accepted: 14/10/2022

Abstract: 

The experiment was conducted for two years (2020-2021) on Nectarin trees (Legrand cv.) in Kassab research station of the scientific agricultural research center – Latakia governorate to study the impact of different concentrations of urea and humic foliar spray and their interaction on the improvement of vegetative growth. The experiment showed that the spray with urea and humic gave the highest significant effect compared to individual spray in most of the studied indicators. Comparing the foliar spray treatment (urea 2 g/l + humic 2 g/l) with other treatments, it recorded the highest significant values in terms of average shoots diameter, dry matter percent, and phosphorus and potassium contents on leaves, whereas foliar spray treatment (urea 3 g/l + humic 2 g/l) recorded the highest significant value in terms of total chlorophyll content of leaves.

Keywords: Nectarine, Foliar spray, Urea, Humic.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Kamel Khalil * ⁽¹⁾, Maher Dais ⁽²⁾ and Basel Fares ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Environmental Prevention, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). The General Authority for Scientific Agricultural Research, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. kamel Khalil, Email: d.kamelkhalil@tishreen.edu.sy).

Received: 19/09/2022                        Accepted: 16/10/2022

Abstract: 

This study aimed to assess the levels of soil pollution using some individual pollution index (Enrichment Factor, Geoaccumulation index, Pollution index) and some integrated pollution index (Average pollution index and Nemerow pollution index) in surface soils (0-20 cm) for nine sites (S1- S9) in Banyas during the year 2021. Concentrations of metal elements were estimated: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe). The results showed that the order of elemental concentrations (general average) in ppm was as follows: [Fe (3479.66) > Mn (577.06) > Zn (69.32) > Pb (30.69) > Ni (28.20) > Cu (25.49) > Cd (0.55)]. The results showed that the order of Enrichment Factor values (general average) were as follows: [Cd (4.35) > Pb (2.53) > Zn (1.1) > Fe (1) > Mn (0.62) > Cu (0.48) > Ni (0.39)], we conclude that the city soil has moderate enrichment for the elements cadmium and lead. The results showed that the order of the Geoaccumulation index values (general average) were as follows: [Cd (1.24) > Pb (0.53) > Zn (-0.61) > Mn (-1.45) > Cu (-1.84) > Ni (-2.17). )> Fe (-464)]. We conclude that the city soil is classified as moderately polluted for cadmium and not polluted to moderately polluted for lead. The results showed that the order of the Pollution index values (general average) were as follows: [Cd (3.68) > Pb (2.19) > Zn (0.99) > Fe (0.93) > Mn (0.56) > Cu (0.42) > Ni (0.34)]. The results indicated that the city soil is classified as highly polluted for cadmium and moderately polluted for lead, while the rest of the elements were all within the classification (non-polluted). The results indicated that the soil in all sites was classified as (medium pollution) according to the Average pollution index and the Nemerow pollution index (general average).

Key Words: Heavy metals concentration- Soil pollution index- Banyas city (Syria).

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ghonwa Khaddour *⁽¹⁾, and Muhammad Manhal Al-Zoubi ⁽²⁾

(1). Administration of technical affairs, General commission for scientific agricultural research, Latakia center, Syria.

(2) . Administration of natural resources research, General commission for scientific agricultural research, Damascus center, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ghonwa Khaddour, E-Mail: ghonwakhaddour@hotmail.com).

Received: 19/09/2022   Accepted: 16/10/2022

Abstract: 

This research was conducted at the agricultural scientific research center in Latakia/ General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) in 2017/2018, to study the possibility of Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) treatment, through the application of aerobic and anaerobic treatment techniques, in order to reduce the total phenolic content, and investigate biogas production, when anaerobic treatment is performed. The aerobic treatment included a reference (OMW without dilution and with no additives) for comparison, and three groups of experiments, in which OMW was adjusted with water by 45, 20 and 0%, and an additive was used with a 5% concentration of the mixture. Four additives were used in this work: molasses, bakery yeast, Azotobacter (AZ) and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB). Three replicates per addition were adopted. The results of the aerobic treatment showed a reduction in the total phenolic content, in all the experiments compared to the reference, and reached its maximum of 85% when PSB was added and with no dilution. The addition of PSB to OMW, with no dilution, was adopted for the application of anaerobic treatment. It was performed using a laboratory designed digester, and under a controlled temperature of 35 ºC. During the anaerobic treatment, it was found that on the day 21 of the experiment, biogas production has started. At the end of the treatment, in the day 47 of the experiment, it was possible to reduce the total phenolic content by 73%, and produce 3 m³/day of biogas under regular air pressure.

Key words: Olive Mills Wastewater (OMW), aerobic and anaerobic treatment, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB), biogas.

Full paper in English: pdf