ZainabTadbeer^(1)*, Tarek Al-Ahmad⁽¹⁾, Salam Lawand⁽²⁾,  Reem Al-Mansour⁽³⁾, Ola Kaso⁽¹⁾ and Mohammad Baker Al-Abd Al-Wahed⁽¹⁾

(1). General commission for scientific agricultural research (GCSAR), Crops research administration.

(2). Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria.

(3). General commission for scientific agricultural research (GCSAR), Homs research center.

  (*Corresponding author: Zainab Tadbeer, E-Mail: zainab.tad@hotmail.com , Tel: 0932776450.)

Received:18/08/2022                              Accepted:28/12/2023

Abstract: 

Seven durum wheat genotypes were studied. The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design during 2015-2016 and 2016- 2017 to study the path coefficient analysis and the correlation between grain yield and its components. The genotypes that we used have good variation to be used as parents in the wheat hybridization program. Grain yield showed positive significant correlation with number of grains per plant (0.800**), thousand kernel weight (0.536**), biological yield (0.452) and the number of spikes per plant (0.423) was observed. Result of path coefficient analysis showed that the percentage of number of grains per plant was (66.26%), thousand kernel weight (36.36%), and number of spikes per plant (0.25%). That manes grain yield of wheat crop it using can be achieved by using number of grains per plant, thousand kernel weight, and number of spikes per plant.

 Key words: genotypes, durum wheat, path coefficient, correlation, grain yield.  

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Moroj zreek * ⁽¹⁾, Aymana AlAcouch⁽¹⁾  and Mohammad Mahmoud⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Statistics and Programming, Faculty of Economics, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*corresponding author Moroj Zreek. Email: jojzreek@gmail.com)

Received:5/01/2023            Accepted: 26/02/2023

Abstract: 

The study aimed to identify the impact of the Agricultural Cooperative Bank loans which are short, medium, and long on each of the ratio of property rights to deposits, as well as the adequacy ratio Capital ، indicators by studying the period extending from 2000-2020، by applying Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model(ARDL) after studying the and the stability of time series and cointegration were studied using the Eviews program. The study found results that there is an increase in long-term loans will increase the capital adequacy ratio significantly in the long and short term by 0.45 and 0.19% ،respectively،and an increase in short-term loans will increase the the capital adequacy ratio significantly by 0.0024% in the long term، as for the equity ratio of total deposits،the increase in medium-term loans will increase the equity ratio of total deposits by 0.15% in the short term. Accordingly, the proposed model can be used to indicate the importance of loans, and we note that long-term loans are the most important through their impact on capital adequacy, which requires policymakers to infer using the model

Keywords: loans, capital adequacy ratio, equity ratio, total deposits, Agricultural Cooperative Bank

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Faten Karaman*⁽¹⁾ , Saer. Barhoum⁽²⁾ , Hussam Alahmad ⁽³⁾  and Lana. Alazrone⁽³⁾

(1). Agricultural engineer,  Faculty of Science , University of Damascus. Syrian.

(2). Lecturer in the Department of Agricultural Economics,  Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syrian.

(3). Agricultural engineer,  Ministry of Agriculture, Syrian.

(*Corresponding author: Faten Karaman, E-mail faten.karaman@gmail.com, Tel: 0940436143)

Received:22/12/2022          Accepted: 15/03/2023

Abstract: 

The study used secondary data representing the number of dairy cows, their production, and the variables of government support in Syria during the period (2000-2019). The annual average of milk production amounted to 1382.9 thousand tons, and the percentage increased to 0.055%. The growth rate of the number of cows decreased by 0.82%, with an annual average of 991.1 thousand cows. The average spending at real prices on artificial insemination services was 49.3 million SP, while the percentage of spending for the base year was -4.6%. The average of loans to finance the purchase of dairy cows reached 88.2%, with the highest percentage reaching 0.078% in 2000 of the total loans. Its growth relative to the base year reached 36.8%, while the values ​​of the coefficient of determination R² showed weak prediction rates, and it is not possible to predict the number, production, and contribution of milk to the gross domestic product, and therefore the multiple linear regression model cannot be relied upon to predict the contribution of milk to the local production.

Keywords: agricultural economy, dairy cows, agricultural policies, government support, fiscal policies.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ghassan Jaqoub ⁽¹⁾, Osama Radwan ⁽²⁾, and Shahd Sheikh Al-Haddadin⁽³⁾*

(1). Department of Agricultural Economics, Tishreen University

(2). Department, of Forestry and Environment, Tishreen University

(3). Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Lattakia Agriculture Directorate, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Shahd sheikh al haddadin. E-Mail: shahdshiekalhahadin@gmail.com).

Received:16/01/2023          Accepted: 29/03/2023

Abstract: 

This research was conducted during the years 2022 – 2023 in the fire-damaged forest that occurred in the village of Resion on 9-10 2020 in the Al-Haffa region – Lattakia Governorate, where the research aimed to study the effects resulting from the fire and its social effects on the surrounding villages. A questionnaire that was designed that included axes was to study the most important reasons that affected the surrounding site community of the fire and the factors that would mitigate fires or may affect other fires in the same area. The descriptive analytical method was adopted to calculate averages, frequencies axes percentages the field survey method. And the use of the SPSS statistical analysis program to calculate the studied correlations, the use of the binary Likert scale, the chi-square test, the phi coefficient, and the use of appropriate economic analysis indicators for the purpose. The results of the analysis of the questionnaire showed that the forest constitutes an important resource and source of livelihood for the residents of the surrounding villages and others, and the protection of forests from the harm they are exposed to from visitors depends on the continuity of population stability in them, and there is a relation between the citizen’s gender, their jobs the level, and their participation in firefighting,and there is no relation between the level of education and participation in firefighting.

Keywords: forests, fires, forest resources, forest laws, Lattakia Governorate

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Khetam Edrees ⁽¹⁾ *, Nisreen Edrees ⁽¹⁾ and Roula Ebraheem ⁽¹⁾

(1) Economic and Social Studies Department, Agriculture Research Center Homs, General Commission for Scientific and Agricultural Research (GCSAR)

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Khetam Edrees. E-Mail: Khetamedrees83@yahoo.com).

Received:29/11/2022          Accepted: 26/03/2023

Abstract: 

The objective of this research is to study the cost structure of Apricot production in Homs Governorate for the agricultural season 2019. The order to achieve its objectives, the research depends on econometric & statistical analysis was conducted on the primary data which have been collected by interviews for farmers of the study region. The results showed an analysis of the cost structure of apricot production variable costs accounted for approximately (73.08)% of total costs while fixed costs formed (26.92)% of the total costs, It achieved the highest net yield per kilogram: AL-mbkr, AL-thahaby Ahmar, Al-Tadmoori, Shakarbara, French Taliany and finally Basbousy. Quantitative analysis results for estimating profit function. Show that amount of output parameters great importance in profit compared to the rest of the price variables and average production costs. As for estimating the economic productive function stated that the results of the study showed allorgatima double model was the most convenient for the relationship adopted in the study. Also, the total production elasticities amounted to(0.773)  which it used in the second stage of the productive function, as for estimating the total cost function it was that stated cube model was the most suitable for the relationship adopted in the study .As result adopted get the optimal size for Apricot production at (50.03) tons by (40), The estimated elasticity of costs, amounted 1 achieved at optimal level of production (52.03) tons were calculated as the minimum price (168816.33)sp/ tons  was derived function supply in long run, shown that is a positive relationship between quantity supplied of farmers and price when price is greater than (168816.33)sp/ tons  and results the show the average cost decreases until it reaches to optimal level of production while proportion economies of scale achieved to the maximum value 100% at optimal level of production .average cost..

Key Words: Apricot, Economies of scale, Production optimization, Elasticity of costs, Space optimal, Function supply.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ismail Muhammad Omran (1)*

(1). Directorate of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Lattakia, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng: Ismail Omran E.mail: Ismail.omran86@gmail.com)

Received:22/01/2023          Accepted: 12/03/2024

Abstract: 

The aim of the research is to study the impact of government support provided to the olive crop Syria using the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM), in order to evaluate the subsidy policies used, and to choose the most appropriate policy to support the crop, and to achieve the previous goals, the study relied on secondary data for 2020, issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Reform The descriptive analytical approach was used to present the policies to support the olive crop, and to introduce the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM), in terms of its construction mechanism, and ways to use it in analyzing and evaluating policies. The results of the research showed that, the real percentage of government support for the agricultural product is very low, due to the low value of the producers’ support factor, and the local prices of inputs are lower than the prices This means that olive producers obtain financial subsidies by purchasing production inputs at a lower price if their trade were free. However the olive production system in Syria is competitive, and is characterized by a comparative advantage, in addition to the lack of support for olives prices, meaning that there is a tax charged on the agricultural product, and thus olive growers get a lower profit.

Key words: olive yield, agricultural support, agricultural policies, PAM.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohammed  Khalil Ibrahim^(1)* and Fadhil Rassol Al-Khfajy⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Environment Science- Environment College- Al-Qasim Green University  

(2). Department of Animal Science- Agriculture College- Al-Qasim Green University  

(*Corresponding author:   Mohammed  Ibrahim . E-Mail: mohammedkhallil86@environ.uoqasim.edu.iq)

Received:22/10/2023          Accepted: 16/01/2024

Abstract: 

The technology of green synthesis of nano-metals is considered promising, as it produces environmentally friendly nano-metals in larger quantities and can be used at low levels in broiler diets, which reduces the amount excreted in the bedding and thus reduces environmental pollution. This experiment was conducted in the farm of Al-Anwar Poultry Company in Al-Anwar Governorate. Babel, for a period of 35 days from 11/28/2022 to 1/2/2023, during which the physiological and productive response to adding copper nanoparticles and copper nanoparticles loaded on papaya plants to the diet of broilers under conditions of environmental stress (heat stress) was studied. I used 360 unsexed broiler chickens (Ross-308), and the experimental chickens were prepared from the Al-Anwar Company hatchery in Babil Governorate. The chickens were raised on the floor in cages (pens) with 18 cages, dimensions of 1.5 x 1 m², and the floor was covered with sabus with a thickness of 4-5 cm. In addition to the paper brush. The experimental treatments included (0, 8, and 16 mg/kg of Cu and NPs, 8 and 16 mg/kg of Cu loaded on papaya plants, and 10 mg/kg of papaya feed, for treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6, respectively. All experimental treatments were exposed to a temperature of (34±1°C) in all study periods. The results showed a significant superiority of the T5 treatment in the concentration of glutathione peroxidase, and a significant improvement in the MDA (Malondialdehyde) concentration in favor of the T5 and T6 treatments. It was also shown that there was a significant improvement in the concentration of the enzyme AST (Aspartate aminotransferase), glucose, and heat shock protein in the blood of the birds of treatment T4 and T5. It appeared that the activity of the enzyme SOD (Superoxide dismutase) and immunoglobulin IgM in treatment T5 and ALP (Alkaline phosphatase) and immunoglobulin IgG and protein increased significantly. In treatment T4, respectively, there was a significant improvement in uric acid concentration in favor of treatments T2, T3, T4, and T5 compared to the rest of the treatments. All addition treatments also significantly improved the level of cholesterol compared to the control treatment, and the concentration of IgA increased significantly for treatments T3, T4, and T5. There was a significant increase in the relative weight of the Fabricia pouch and Fabricia guide in the T2 treatment birds.

Keywords: Green Synthesis, Nanotechnology, Nano-Copper, Heat Stress.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Sumaia dabdoub^(1)*

(1). Al-Baath University, Homs, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Dr. sumaia dabdoub, E-Mail   smsmaanid@yahoo.com)

Received 24/1/2023          Accepted:23/2/2023

Abstract: 

The study was conducted at Al-Mukhtariya Station in Homs.  Thirty Friesian cows during a time period of six months in 2021, and experiment animals were divided into four groups according to the production season (the first, third and fifth), and added mixture of vitamins and minerals (premix) by different ratio   to the  concentrate feed mixture three all experimental groups ( 0.25 , 0.50 , 1 g/ kg ) . The objective of this research is to study the effect of supplementing different levels of mixture of vitamins and minerals (premix) on the Quantity of milk in Friesian cows of different milking seasons. The results showed that the third season is more productive compared to the second and fifth seasons, on the other hand there is a significant increase in production with 0.5 compared to 0.25 and 1 concentration. The results also revealed that the common effect of the season and concentration was remarkable in the third season with 0.25 and 1 g/kg premix.

Key words:  premix, Friesian cows, quantity of milk.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Berna Krikor Jilenkerian*⁽¹⁾

(1).Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:BernaKrikorJilenkerian. E-Mail: berkomg81@gmail.com).

Received: 25/12/2022    Accepted: 27/02/2023

Abstract: 

This research experiment was conducted in the town of Kessab in Latakia Governorate, Syrian Arab Republic, during the period 2022 (September – October). To investigate the effect of two different types of music classical (T₁) and random (T₂), in addition to the control treatment (T₀) without music on the body weight, and the behavior performance in terms of eating habit and aggressiveness for a sample of quail.A total of (180) chicks quails were randomly distributed into three treatments (60) bird each treatment and were replicated three times with (20) quails per replication, using the completely randomized design (CRD). The results showed that a statistically significant (P≤0.05)were observed among the averages of the treatments.The averages of the body weights for the three treatments at the end of the experiment period in the 6^th week were as the following: (T₁) 209.93 g, (T₂) 212.62 g and (T₀) 194.39 g. In conclusion, results of studies showed that classical and random music has positive effects on body weight and behavioralfeatures, according to the results, that music have significant effects and improved the productivity and decreased the stress factor in birds.

Keywords:Quails, Classical music, Random music, Body weight, Behavior performance.

Full paper in English: pdf

Maram Mohammed ^*(1)   and Badie Samra(1)

(1) . Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Maram Mohammed. E mail:memo49932@gmail.com,phone : 0998089967.)

Received: 1/12/2022           Accepted: 21/02/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in Hama countryside during the agricultural season of 2021 to study the effect of bio-fertilizer treatment (EM1) on the growth and productivity of pepper (Capsicum annum L.). Five concentrations (0 5, 7.5, 10, 15 ml/L) of bio-fertilizer (EM1) were used as foliar spray, according to the randomized complete block design, with four replications. The results of this research showed a significant increase effect of the bio-fertilizer (EM1) on vegetative growth traits (plant height, number of secondary branches and number of leaves per plant), and on production traits (fruit-set%, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, production per plant, and productivity of a unit area), as well as on the components of the fruits (percentage of dry matter, and the content of vitamin C) compared to the control. The T3 treatment (7.5 ml/L) was significantly superior to all treatments in all studied traits, It’s  productivity recorded 58.03 tons/ha; Therefore, it can be recommended to spray the bio-fertilizer EM1(7.5 ml/L) on the shoots to improve the growth and productivity of the pepper (Qarn Alghazal) cultivar under field cultivation conditions.

Keywords: pepper, bio-fertilizer EM1, growth traits, production traits, Capsicum annum L.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf