Fadi Kazngi  ^{* (1)}  Talal Amin⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Natural Resources, General Commission for Scientific, Agricultural Research, Latakia, Syria.

(2). Department of  Forestry and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia , Syria.                                                                      

(*Corresponding author: Fadi Kazngi, E.mail:  fadikazngi79@yahoo.com, Tel:.0933643343).

Received:29/05/2023          Accepted: 16/10/2023

Abstract: 

This research was carried out in the Scientific Centre for Agricultural Researches in Lattakia. This study was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of some treatments on the percentage of seed germination of Laurus nobilis L. and The effect of the agricultural media on the percentage of germination, growth, and development of seedlings. The seeds were treated with several different treatments: Control; and moist cold Stratification; Gibberellin soaking; concentrated Sulfuric acid  (H₂SO₄); and Scarification treatment; in addition to using several media: Turf, Nursery soil, and a mixture of turf and nursery soil. The results showed the success of the moist cold stratification method for two months and its superiority in raising the proportion of germination to 98%, Germination speed and homogeneity were improved. However, the treatment of seeds with mechanical scarification came second and gave a germination rate of 78.67%. The treatment of seeds with gibberellin at a concentration of 300 ppm gave a good germination rate of 53.33%. In the case of the treatment of Laurus nobilis seeds with concentrated sulfuric acid, germination was inhibited. Moreover, it clearly showed the positive effect of Turf in improving the percentage of germination and the values of the indicators measured during the process of mixing it with the soil of the forest nursery used for the growth of seedlings.

Key words: Laurus nobilis L., Stratification, Mechanical treatment, Gibberellin, Turf.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Gheith Nassour ^(1)*, Ihab Ahmad⁽¹⁾, Fadel Alkayem⁽¹⁾, Ammar Askarieh⁽¹⁾, Ghufran Ghanem⁽¹⁾, Muhammad Nizam⁽¹⁾, Ziad Khory⁽¹⁾and Hussein Ahmad⁽¹⁾

(1). Research Center in Lattakia, General Commission for scientific Agriculture Research, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Dr. Gheith Nassour, E.mail: gheith76@hotmail.com – 0932862661).

Received:7/09/2023            Accepted: 24/10/2023

Abstract: 

These Experiments had been done in The Agricultural Scientific research Centre in Lattakia, where 24 Types of red and green Okra were Collected from different altitudes (25 – 650) meters. This work Continued for 10 years (2006-2016). These types were planted within an experimental pieces of 11.2 m² square, and the distance between each piece and another is 50 meters in order to reduce the Cross-pollination. Both of the general and the special Criterions had been considered during the individual plant Selection. During the first and the second years of the Selection, the bad and strange plants had been removed, 12 types out of 24 were selected. Then, in the next two years, individual plant selection had been lasted after covering the selected plants of every type with mosquito net in order to reduce the Cross-Pollination among the types. In the third and fourth years of the Selection, only two types out of twelve were selected; one of them had green pods and the other had red pods. Individual plant selection had  been lasted more over 4 consecutive years until plants had become  identical, with wanted qualities, and high productivity. The two selected types were compared with 3 okra varieties (OK 100, suzie F1 and lady finger). The yield of the two selected local types (421.7 and 415 g/plant) were better than suzie F1 and Lady finger (191.6 and 262.8 g/plant), whereas no significant differences were observed between the local types yield and  OK 100 yield (336.5 g/plant). 

key words:  Types, Individual plant Selection, Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.).

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Reem Rustom* ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾ , Hassan Obaid⁽¹⁾ and  Khaldoun Taiba⁽²⁾⁽³⁾

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Administration of Horticulture Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(3). ACSAD, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Reem Rustom, E-Mail: reem.rustom@damascusuniversity.edu.sy, Mobile: 0945020680)

Received: 11/06/2023                 Accepted: 1/10/2023

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at the General Commission for Agricultural Scientific Research, Rural Damascus Research Center (Sarghaya and Al-Taybeh Research Stations), during the two agricultural seasons 2019 and 2020, with the aim of studying the effect of environmental factors of the sites where saffron plants (Crocus sativus. L) were planted on the vegetative and flowering growth indicators of plants. The results of the experiment showed that the prevailing climatic conditions in the Sarghaya region increased the indicators of vegetative growth (average length and number of leaves, average number of shoots) and flowering (average number of flowers and their wet weight, average length of stigmas and their dry weight) of saffron plants grown in them compared to their counterparts grown in the conditions of Al-Taybeh region—statistical indications for both seasons. The 2020 season was significantly superior in average leaf length, average number of leaves, average number of shoots, average number of flowers, and average wet weight of flowers (29.36 cm, 160.4 leaves, 6.63 growth, 0.6333 flowers, 0.2193 g) over the 2019 season, while the latter outperformed the 2020 season. With statistical significance in the average length of flower stigmas and dry weight of stigmas (3.592 cm, 0.035 g), the superiority of the second season in most of the studied traits is attributed to the increase in the number of corms per unit area resulting from the mother corms planted in the first season.

Keywords: saffron, environmental factors, Al-Taybeh site, Sarghaya site, vegetative growth, flowering growth, Korma

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Jenan Othman^(1)*and Buthaina Mardn⁽¹⁾

(1). Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen university, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Jenan  Othman, E-mail: jenan.othman@gmail.com, 0955205560.)

Received: 31/08/2023                 Accepted: 27/10/2023

Abstract: 

This research was carried out in the nursery of the agricultural faculty at Tishreen University during the spring period of the agricultural season 2021, and aimed to study the effect of foliar spraying with a group of B vitamins on some growth and productivity indicators on potato plants (Spunta cultivar). The study included eight treatments: spraying the plants with vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12) individually and a mixture of vitamins (Bmix) at a concentration of 100ppm in addition to the control treatment. The experiment was designed according to complete random distribution with three replications. The results of the study showed the positive effect of treating the plants with all the previous different vitamins compared to the control in all the studied indicators (area and leaf surface index, number of tubers, average weight of the tuber, total production and marketing) with a significant superiority of treatment of plants with a mixture of vitamins (bmix).On all treatments: the leaf area (16575cm2/plant) and its index (7.36), plant height (96.5cm), total production (1816g/plant) and the number of tubers.

Keywords: potatoes, vitamins B, Growth, Production.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mahmoud Abdel-Karim ^(1)*, Camelia Halabi ⁽²⁾ and  Batool Ozone⁽¹⁾

 (1). Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture,  University of Aleppo, Syria.

 (2). Department of Food Sciences – Faculty of Agriculture – Tishreen University, Lattika, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mahmoud Abdel Karim, E-mail: Madrid198182@yahoo.com).

Received: 14/07/2023                 Accepted: 17/10/2023

Abstract: 

The study was conducted in the Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, on the effect of adding clove powder at rates of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75% of the curd weight on the chemical and bacterial properties of cottage cheese made by the acid method. The results showed that the addition of clove powder led to a decrease in the numbers of microorganisms, whether in fresh samples or during cryopreservation, and that the greater the amount of clove powder added, the greater the effect was in stopping the growth and activity of microorganisms, and the best results were when it was added at a rate of 0.75%. It was also observed that the addition of clove powder led to a significant decrease in the number of yeasts and fungi during the cold storage period, and that the higher the percentage of clove powder added, the more significant the decrease. It was also found through the study that the addition of clove powder has reduced to a relative extent the proteolysis and increased the proportion of simple soluble nitrogenous substances, where a significant decrease was observed in the values of non-protein nitrogen and the values of volatile nitrogen in the samples to which clove powder was added compared to the control, and that the addition of clove powder reduced One of the manifestations of cheese spoilage and increased its preservation period compared to the control sample.

Keywords: Quraish cheese, cloves, clove powder, chemical properties of Quraish, and shelf life of Qurais

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ziad Sarhil^*(1)

(1) . Directorate of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Lattakia, Syria.

(* Corresponding author: Ziad Sarhil, E-mail: sarhilziadof@yahoo.com).

Received: 5/09/2024               Accepted: 29/12/2024

Abstract: 

The research mainly aims at the descriptive economic analysis of the costs and revenues of durum wheat production (Baal) in Lattakia Governorate, and the study and analysis of economic indicators related to the economic efficiency of the agricultural season (2023-2024). The initial data was collected through a questionnaire targeting a sample of wheat farmers amounting to 370 farmers, the size of which was calculated according to the Stephen-Thompson equation. The results showed that the average annual net profit achieved from a durum planted with durum wheat (Baal) was 1.5 million SYP/dunum/year, while the profitability coefficient compared to invested capital was 64%, and compared to production costs was 71.4%, which is considered a very good indicator in the field of agricultural investment, as the profitability rate is equivalent to about 71 SYP, for every 100 Syrian pounds invested annually. The variable assets turnover rate was 1.93, which is evidence of the efficiency of investing available resources and increasing productivity. The results also showed that the economic efficiency index was 1.71, which is greater than one, indicating efficiency. Exploitation of fixed and variable capital, and the feasibility of producing durum wheat (rainfed) in Lattakia Governorate. The study concluded that there is a need to increase interest in wheat cultivation, while encouraging and motivating farmers to increase the areas planted with this crop, given the economic savings it brings to rural families, diversifying sources of income, and improving their standard of living.

Key words: durum wheat, production costs, economic efficiency, profitability ratio, capital payback period.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Maya Al-Abdala ^(1)*, Safwan Aboassaf ⁽¹⁾ and Riham Zahalan ⁽²⁾

(1). Economic and Social Studies Research Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Sweida, Syria.

(2). Natural Resources Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria

(* Corresponding author, Dr. Maya al-Abdala E-mail: mayaabdala6@gmail.com)

Received: 28/ 08/ 2024       Accepted: 11/ 12 /2024

Abstract: 

The study aimed to measure the consumers’ awareness level of the source and safety of agricultural products, as a case study for workers at Al-Swaida Scientific Agricultural Research Centre. Presuming that the studied statistical community includes all types of working of administration, research and services areas, surveying methodology was used with about 170 singular samples, 2021/2022. The results showed four classes of consumers’ awareness levels, weak, medium, good and very good awareness levels. The highest percentage of the obtained results was 48.24% for the third class (good awareness). Factors affecting the awareness level were defined using different correlation factors that suit the variables. Based on that, the alternative assumption of having significant statistical differences between the awareness level and the variables of gender, capacity building, reading about food safety, family individual status, the obtained scientific degree, and consumers’ length in cm, the percentage of the individual’s income that spent for food was accepted. It was clear from the suggested ordinal regression model that variables of capacity building, reading books, scientific degree and the consumed percentage of the monthly income on food have a predictive significance on the individual awareness level. Since variables of capacity-building, reading books and scientific qualifications have a positive impact, individuals following training on food safety, buying books and enhancing their scientific qualifications will increase the poten-tial of existing in a higher awareness level of the suggested classes. In contrast since the variable of the consumed percentage of the monthly income on food has a negative impact, thus the higher this percentage the higher the potential to exist in a lower awareness level of the suggested classes.

Keywords: Al-Swaida, Consumers’ awareness, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Ordinal regression model.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Fouzi Faraj^*(1)

(1). Dept of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya.

(*Corresponding author: Fouzi Salih Faraj Email: salehfara1981@yahoo.com).

Received: 27/06/2024                             Accept:5/11/2024

Abstract:  

The study aimed to measure the impact of agricultural trade on domestic agricultural production in Libya, by employing data from time series extending from 1995 to 2021, and using the ARDL Model methodology. The results showed the existence of a long-run relationship between the studied variables. As the results showed, agricultural exports have a significant positive Impact, while agricultural imports have a significant negative Impact, but inflation has no effect. While in the short-run, agricultural exports also have a positive significant impact on agricultural output, agricultural imports have a negative significance, and the inflation rate has no significant impact on agricultural GDP too. 

Keywords: Agricultural Exports; Agricultural Imports; Inflation Rate; Agricultural GDP; ARDL Model; Libya.

Full paper in English: pdf

Shams  Jassim^(1)* and  Jinan M. Kalaf⁽¹⁾

(1).Department of Plant Protection,College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah-Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Shams Jassim, E.mail: pgs.shams.jassim@uobasrah.edu.iq)

Received: 21/09/2024                               Accepted: 11/12/2024

Abstract: 

in the laboratories of the Marine Science Center and the Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture / University of Basra in the agricultural season 2023-2024. The aim of the study was to estimate the biochemical and anatomical characteristics of four varieties of the eggplant plant and their impact on the infection of a cotton pest Aphis gossypii.where the numerical density of the insect was recorded during the study period and analyzes of the leaves of the eggplant plant for the purpose of knowing the biochemical characteristics, conducting an autopsy of the leaves of the eggplant plant for the purpose of knowing the anatomical characteristics and the extent of the impact of these traits in infection with an insect of cotton A.gossypii. The results of the study of the numerical density of a cotton insect A. gossypii on eggplant varieties (Nasr, Jawaher, Barcelona, Kipto), showed that the highest average numerical density of a cotton insect was during the month and March, and amounted to 54.13 insects / leaf, and the lowest rate was in May and amounted to 10.45 insects / leaf.  The highest rate of numerical density of the insect was recorded on the Nasr variety at 54.31 insects / leaf, and the lowest rate on the variety Kipto was 24.19 insects / leaf. The results also showed that the value of chlorophyll A for the four classes Nasr, Jawaher, Barcelona, Kipto, amounted to 0.165, 0.1645, 0.1635, 0.1631 mg / g. The chlorophyll value is 0.308, 0.3071, 0.2998, 0.2906 mg/g. The total chlorophyll value was 0.47, 0.47, 0.46 and 0.45 mg/g, respectively. Carotene was 2.232, 2.155, 2.117, 2.087 mg/ml. The phenols value is 4.88, 5.89, 6.32, 6.84 mg/g. The nitrogen content was 0.28, 0.14, 0.14, 0%. The phosphorus value was  0.016, 0.019, 0.022,0.027, mg / l. potassium 3.55, 5.33, 5.925, 8.299 mg/g. Protein ratios are 1.75, 0.875, 0.875, 0%, respectively. The results of the autopsy of the leaves of the eggplant plant for the four healthy varieties showed differences and differences in the studied anatomical characteristics.

Keywords: Aphis gossypii, biochemical characteristics, anatomical characteristics , eggplant

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Muhammad Nour Al-Assaf ^(1)*, Jalal Abboud⁽²⁾,Abdullah Al-Youssef⁽³⁾,Thamer Al-Hanish ⁽⁴⁾, Ahmad Shams Al-Dien Shaaban ⁽²⁾, Ahmed Khalil ⁽²⁾,Najwa Al-Sheikh ⁽²⁾, and Ruba Al-Youssef⁽²⁾

(1). Cotton Research Department, GCSAR, Syria.

(2). Al-Jamasa Station, Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Tartous, Syria. .

(3) . Center for Scientific Agricultural Research in Aleppo, GCSAR, Syria.

(4). Administration of Crop Research, GCSAR, Syria.

(5) . University of Aleppo, Faculty of Agriculture, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Muhammad Nour Al-Assaf, E-Mail  assafnoor57@gmail.com ).

Received: 7/06/2024                                 Accepted: 20/10/2024

Abstract: 

Yellow rust is one of the major factors that affects in the bread wheat production in Syria. The study was conducted at the Al-Jamasa Research Station of the Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Tartous during the two seasons (2021/2022) and (2022/2023), with the aim of evaluating and selecting promising lines of Bread wheat that tolerant to yellow rust caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis West. f. sp. tritici Eriks under natural infestation conditions of the yellow rust fungus community for yield components (spike length, number of grains/spike, grain weight/spike and weight of 1000 grains) in addition to its resistance to yellow rust disease. The study showed an improvement in the yield components characteristics of the three cultivated cultivars (Cham6, Cham8, Cham10), in addition to improving their resistance to yellow rust disease, by selecting promising lines resulting from crossing them with resistant genotypes. (47) Promising lines were selected with high yield characteristics in addition to their resistance to the disease. Seven promising lines (38, 39, 60, 70, 82, 95, 184) resulting from four crosses (Cham10× Babacha), (Cham8× Babacha), (Cham6× Babacha), (Avocet yr15× Babacha), respectively, showed a tolerant reaction to yellow rust disease. The 7 lines (56, 57, 63, 83, 94, 97, 101) were also characterized by the highest average spike length and number and weight of grains/spike. as were the 12 lines numbers (111, 122, 132, 133, 140, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150) resulting from selection within isolated populations of the cross (Avocet yr5×Cham8) with higher averages for all yield traits studied, which shows the importance of genetic resistance to yellow rust in maintaining yield traits.

Keywords: Bread Wheat, Yellow Rust, Resistance, yield and its components.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf