Maher AlAbrash ⃰^(1), Yahia Kamari⁽²⁾, Mahmoud Khudour⁽¹⁾

(1)- Dept. of Horticulture. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo. Aleppo, Syria

(2)- Aleppo Research Center , General Community for Scientific Agriculture Research,\ (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Maher AlAbrash. Email: Almaher99a@gmail.com).

Received: 27/11/2019                                Accepted: 17/01/2020

Abstract

The research was carried out at privet nursery in Homs, study  the effect of the type of cuttings (young, half-wooded and wooded), planting date (spring and autumn) and IBA concentrations (0,1000,2000,4000,6000 and 8000) mg.liter ^-1 on some rooting criteria of Pyracanth cuttings which were taken from two genotypes (red and orange),to determe the optimal treatment and the optimal date for vegetative propagation. The cuttings was implanted into containers containing perlite to monitor rooting, with three replications per treatment and each repeater contained eleven cutting. The studied characteristics were:  Rooting ratio, rooting start date, average number of roots and rooting success rate. Variation analysis was performed and averages were compared using the value of the LSD at 0.05 using Genstat V12.0. The results showed the superiority of the half-wooded and wooded cutting over the young cutting in rooting ratio and superiority concentration of IBA 2000 mg.liter ^-1 on the other of the concentrations relative to the studied standards for those two genotypes of cutting. The rooting ratio reached 100% at this concentration of IBA for half-wooded and wooded cutting in both genotypes and planting dates. While the concentration exceeded 4000 mg.liter ^-1  on the rest of the concentrations for the young cutting for most of the studied standards was the highest rooting rate for the young cutting was 87.9% and was taken from the orange model in the spring. No significant differences were observed between the studied treatments for the mean number of roots in addition, there were no significant differences between the red and orange genotypes in the most of the studied treatments.

Keyword: Pyracantha, vegetative propagation, IBA, planting date.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Kamel Khalil, Wafaa Rajab, Ali Thabet, Kamel Ghadeer

(1)- Environmental Prevention Department, Higher Institute for Environmental
Research, Tishreen University.

(2)- Department of Renewable Natural Resources and Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Aleppo.

(*Corrsponding author: Kamel Khalil. Email: d.kamelkhalil@tishreen.edu.sy).

Received: 29/06/2020                                Accepted: 01/09/2020

Abstract

Plant biodiversity has been studied in Khribat Al-Qala’a Forest (Jabal Al-Arbaeen) of the Qardaha-Lattakia region in 2017, which was subjected to a fire in 2007. The study included 5 Releves (surveys) of burnt plant and 5 releves of unburnt plants in all exposures. Plant diversity indices (specific richness, Shannon and Sorenson) and some site characteristics were used to find out the effect of fire on plant diversity. The results showed that the fire led to an increase in plant diversity in all parts of the forest. This increase was positive in the northern and western exposures where the forest maintained its qualitative composition in addition to the new species, while in the southern and eastern exposures was negative due to the spread of spiny and indicators of degradation species at the expense of the main species of the forest and this is due to site conditions where these exposures are characterized by high slopes and a high concentration of calcium carbonate.

Keyword: Plant biodiversity, Forest fire, Lattakia, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Nabila kridi* ⁽¹⁾ Muhammad Manhal AL-Zoubi ⁽¹⁾ Muhammud Abogora⁽²⁾Mohamed Said Al-Shater ⁽²⁾

(1). Administration of Natural Resources Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria

(2). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus,  Syria   

(*Corresponding author: Nabila kride. E-Mail: nabilakridi@hotmail.com).

Received: 24/3/2020          Accepted: 08/ 07/2020

Abstract

 The availability of large quantities of olive mill waste water and the difficulty of disposal, and the random addition of agricultural soils as organic fertilizer led to the contamination of the soil with phenolic compounds and poisoned plants and microorganisms. Phenolic compounds olive mill waste water isolated from olive mill waste water and saturated soils, and from colonies that appear on the roofs of pots keep the olives home. The ability of isolated microorganisms to dismantle phenolic compounds was tested by planting them in nutrient media containing phenolic compounds as the sole carbon source. The ten isolates were incubated with unsterile Olive Mill Waste Water and after sterilization by filtration method for 21 days with a control sample without isolation.

 The results showed that isolated microorganisms were able to more the proportion of phenolic compounds decompose to the control in different proportions, the (non-sterile) was able to decompose the phenolic compounds by 7.78% compared to the sterilizer. The fungus also outperformed the bacteria in its ability to reduce the concentration of phenols, where Penicillium sp significantly outperformed the other isolates in olive mill waste water (sterile and non-sterile), followed by Aspergillus flavos, then Pseudomonas sp and Bacillus sp. The rest of the isolates were less effective in the decomposition. The most effective isolates can be used to reduce the content of olive mill waste water from toxic phenolic compounds and the biological treatment of soils contaminated with this substance.

 Keywords: Biodegradation, bacteria, fungi, olive mill waste water, phenol

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Jina Eskef *⁽¹⁾_, Jihad Ibrahim ⁽¹⁾, Rabei Zaineh⁽²⁾  and Nabil Habib⁽¹⁾

(1)- Dept. of soil and water, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University. Lattakia, Syria.

(2)- Lattakia center, General commission for scientific Agriculture research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria

(3) Dept. of Field crop, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University. Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corrsponding author: Jina Eskef. E-mail: Jina.Eskef@gmail.com).

Received: 18/9/2019          Accepted: 14/7 /2020

Abstract:

The research was conducted in Lattakia ( at Dabba research station) in clay-loam soil,  it had designed as Randomized Complete Block Design ( 6 treatments and 3 replicates for each treatment) the soil was exposed to three levels of pressure (0, 187.5, 307.4 ) Kpa respectively, then the compressed soil was tilled up to 20cm in depth homogeneously and the subsurface soil remained compressed  in different levels, a mechanical disassembly for compressed subsurface soil was conducted at shrinkage limit (SL) via mechanical disassembly in addition to control treatment without disassembly. The study showed a significant increase in bulk density by increasing the pressure and the highest value was at 307.4 Kpa, the disassembly led to decrease it significantly by 0.11 and 0.17 g/cm³ at the pressure levels 187.5 and 307.4 Kpa respectively. That confirm the important role of disassembly by moving the layers of compressed subsurface soil. Also, the mechanical disassembly led to a significant increase in the bulk of macro porosity by 4.17% at 187.5 Kpa and 6.44% at 307.4 Kpa compared with no disassembly treatments. As well as the pores which their diameter more than 10µm increased by 3.78 and 6.7% at the pressure levels of 187.5 and 307.4 Kpa respectively. The soil compacting led to decrease in the size of pores that contains the available water capacity by 3.69% and the mechanical disassembly increased these pores by 2.91% at 307.4 Kpa. Also, the soil compacting and increasing its density led to decrease the values of saturated conductivity coefficient with increasing the pressure and the value of pressure was 1.17m/day at 187.5 Kpa and decreased to 0.091m/day at 307.4Kpa exceeding the threshold limit value, the disassembly led to a significant increase in its value and the increment value was 0.69 and 1.43m/day at the pressures 187.5 and 307.4 Kpa respectively.

 Keywords: Compression, Subsurface Soil, Mechanical disassembly, physical properties.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Munzer Tamouz ^(1)*, Mahmoud Hasan ⁽¹⁾, and  Gamal Al-Ahmad⁽¹⁾  

(1). Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Munzer Tamouz. E-Mail: munzer.s.tammouz@tishreen.edu.sy ).

Received: 05/10/2020                                          Accepted: 26/10/2020

Abstract:

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of tow fungicides vis. Defazeem (carbendazim 50%) and Agri sin (thiophanate methyl 70%) on the mycelia growth and conidia spores germination of a local isolate of Botrytis fabae in vitro at Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, during 2017-2018. The same concentrations of each fungicide were used, they ranged from 0.001 to 100 part per million (ppm) (active ingredient) within the nutrient medium (PDA or PDB), according to completely Randomize Design with three replications. The results showed that the tow fungicides had significant effects in inhibiting the radial growth and spores germination, but carbendazim efficacy was significantly more better, because it could inhibit radial growth and spores germination 100 % by the concentration 1 ppm, but it needed 10 ppm, to achieve that efficacy by thiophanate methyl.

Keyword: Pesticides – Botrytis fabae – Vicia faba – Syria

Full paper in Arabic: PDF 

Iman mussa omran* ⁽¹⁾    Khadim salah Hassan ⁽²⁾   Nasir Abd Ali AL Mansour ⁽²⁾

(1).Department of plant protection -college of Agriculture –university of Basra,Iraq.

(2). Department of Biology – College of Science – University of Basra – Iraq

(*Corrsponding author: Iman mussa omran:E- imanm3980@ gmail).

Received: 26/09/2020                                Accepted: 10/01/2021

Abstract

This study was conducted in the year 2019, The experiment in the laboratory of biological control in the department of Biology, college of science, university of Basra. This study included the effect of alkaloid plant extracts Conyza dioscoridis, Cymbopogon citratus and Moringa oleifera at three concentrations 1, 2 and 4% with three replicates in each one for control of insect O. surinamensis in two ways. The results showed the alkaloid plant extracts C. citratus were the best in the morality of insect in the both ways spray and grains treatment were reached 43.71 and 15.93%    respectively. Then all the alkaloid   plant extracts reduce the number of F1 after 40 days of treatment which was reflected in the percentage of reducetion F1 in the both ways of the comparison with the control treatment, also the result appeared all the alkaloid plant extracts reduce the weight loss of grain in comparative with control treatment. The results appeared alkaloid plant extract C. dioscoridis was the best anti feeding index for the insect O.surinamensis  reached 55.5%.

Keyword: Insect saw- toothed grain beetle, Alkaloids plant extracts, Conyza dioscoridis, Cymbopogon citratus and Moringa oleifera .

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Bassam Ibrahim Oudeh ⃰⁽¹⁾ and Mohmmad Ibrahim Al- Alaan⁽²⁾ and Abd-Al-Karim  Hashim Al-Jerdy⁽¹⁾    

(1). Agricultural Scientific Research Center at Homs, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Administration of Plant Protection Researches, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Bassam Oudeh . E-Mailb_oudeh@hotmail.com)

Received: 04/02/2020         Accepted: 08/06 /2020

Abstract

The research was conducted at olive orchard in Mokhtaria Research Station, Agricultural Research Center in Homs governorate during season 2018. Many attraction traps were used in management of Bactrocera oleae G. (Diptera: Tephritidae) named: pheromone Jackson, pheromone sticky yellow, food sticky yellow (di-ammonium phosphate 2%), food Sticky yellow (hydrolyzed protein2%), Mc Phail (di-ammonium phosphate 2%), Mc Phail (hydrolyzed protein2%), plastic bottles (di-ammonium phosphate 2%) and plastic bottles (hydrolyzed protein 2%). The results showed that Mc Phail traps (di-ammonium phosphate 2%) attracted the highest number of B. oleae in an average of 97.95 (fly/ trap/ week), then Mc Phail traps (hydrolyzed protein 2%) with an average of 48.59 (fly/ trap/ week), then plastic bottles traps (di-ammonium phosphate 2%) in an average of 20.59 (fly/ trap/ week), while the average of attraction of the other  traps ranged from 8.22 to 20.14 fly/ trap/ week), and the highest attraction of traps was at the beginning of September with an average of (Mc Phail traps di-ammonium phosphate 2%, hydrolyzed protein2%) (185.0, 110.33 fly/ trap/ week) respectively, while the  plastic bottles (di-ammonium phosphate 2%) averaged (45.67 fly/ trap/ week). The climatic factors averages (maximum and minimum temperatures and RH%) had a positive impact on B. oleae  where the simple correlation values were (0.46, 0.25, 0.23) respectively,  which led to a sudden numerical explosive of B. oleae. There were four generations per year, the third generation was the most dangerous. The results of statistical analysis appeared that there were  significant effects between Mc Phail traps (di-ammonium phosphate 2%, hydrolyzed protein2%) and other treatments, and also between plastic bottles traps (di-ammonium phosphate 2%) and pheromone Jackson at level 5%. It might be possible to use the traps Mc Phail and plastic bottles of di-ammonium phosphate 2% in reducing numerical density of B. oleae as an environmentally friendly techniques.

Keyword: Bactrocera oleae G., Numerical Density, Attraction traps, Control.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Mouzahem Mohammad ALDahoul*^{(1) (2)}; Samir Mohammad Tabbache⁽¹⁾; Bahaa Ahmad ALRahban ⁽³⁾; Ghassan Al-Lahham ⁽⁴⁾

(1).Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, (2).Agricultural Scientific Research Center, GCSAR, Salamieh, Hama, Syria,

(3). Administration of Plant Protection Researches, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(4) Administration of Agronomy Researches, GCSAR, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Mouzahem Mohammad AL Dahoul. E-Mail: m.dahool1975@gmail.com).

Received: 12/11/2019                      Accepted: 1/ 8 /2020

Abstract:

The experiment was carried out with the split plots design, with three replications, at the Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Salamieh (Syria), during the 2017-2018 agricultural season, with the aim of studying the effect of three sowing rates of lentil (250, 300, 350) seed/1 m², and three rates of Aclonifen herbicide (600, 900, 1200) g a.i/Hectare at post-planting treatment, in addition to hand weeding twice after 60, 90 days of cultivation and weedy control, in controlling wild mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and its reflection on productivity. The results showed that the sowing rate of 300 seed/1 m² gave the highest control efficiency, and reached 80.02% according to the green weight of mustard, the highest productivity of lentil, and recorded 144.27, 45.56 kg/dunum for hay and seeds respectively, and with significant differences compared to rates 250 and 350 seed/1 m². The highest rate of 1200 g a.i/Hectare of Aclonifen herbicide was the best control efficacy, and scored 85.3% according to the green weight of mustard. The hand weeding treatment at the sowing rate of 300 seed/1 m² gave the highest productivity of lentil compared to the rest of the treatments, and recorded 217.67 and 86 kg/dunum of hay and seeds, respectively. Light phytotoxicity of Aclonifen’s rates was noticed on lentil but melted rapidly.

Keyword: Sowing rate, Aclonifen herbicide, Wild mustard, lentil, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Allaa Abed Al-Razak Al-Haj* ⁽¹⁾

(1). Animal Production department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo.

(*Corresponding author: Allaa Al-Haj . E-Mail: allaapcr7@gmail.com).

Received: 15/12/2020        Accepted: 24/02 /202

Abstract

This study was conducted at the Animal House Research Center at Aleppo University on a flock of  Inbred local quail 200, consisting of four color groups (Wh, Cr, Br, and Black Bl) in 2019, to study some productive traits: body weight at all ages of growth, period of egg production and specifications. Internal egg quality. The results showed a high significant effect of local quail birds among studied color groups for the body weight characteristic at all periods, as the birds with the cream color Cr outperformed the rest of the color groups during weeks 3, 4 and 7 of life. A high significant effect was observed for the egg quality characteristics of the local birds among the studied groups, and the white birds (Wh) outperformed the rest of color groups with the characteristics of shape, yolk and albumen index, while the black birds outperformed the rest of the groups with Huff units and with high significant differences

Key words: local quail, inbreeding, body weight, egg quality.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Smaa Dabdob* ⁽¹⁾

(1). Dept. of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Albaath University وHomas, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Smaa Dabdob. E-Mail: smsmaanid@yahoo.com).

Received: 23/10/2020                                Accepted: 25/11/2020

Abstract

 The study was conducted at Al-Mukhtariya Station in Homs (Syria). Thirty nine Friesian cows during a time period of five months, and experimental animals were divided into four groups according to the production season (the first, third and fifth), and added a mixture of vitamins and minerals (premix) by different ratio   of  the  concentrate feed mixture  for all experimental  groups (0, 0.25 , 0.50 , 1 g/ kg). The objective of this research is to study the effect of supplement different levels of a mixture of vitamins and minerals (premix) to experimental rations on milk composition (fat) in Friesian cows of different milking seasons. The results showed that there are no significant differences in a milk fat due to the premix used in the feeding mixture, meanwhile it does exist among the milk seasons. The results also showed that there were significant differences (P≤0.05) in milk fat according to the different productive season of the cow as the first season exceeded both the third and fifth season by the percentage of milk fat.

Keyword: premix, Friesian cows, fat milk.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF