Alaa Afef * ⁽¹⁾,  Ali Nisafi ⁽¹⁾,  Abd alnaser Al-Omar ⁽²⁾ and Sheiam Sulaeman⁽³⁾

(1). Postgraduate Student, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research. Agricultural Research Hama.

(3). Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Syria (*Corrsponding author: Dr.abd alnaser –Al-omar. E-Mail: abdnaser64@gmail.com).

Received: 07/04/2020                                Accepted: 09/06/2020

Abstract: 

301 samples of birds suspected of being infected with Escherichia coli were collected at various broiler farms in the Tartous Governorate during the years 2017,2018 and 2019 to reveal the presence of Escherichia coli, underwent dissection, recorded pathological symptoms and performed bacteriological tests. The results showed that the incidence of Escherichia coli was 52.82% of total samples, 53.1% of heart samples and 57.8% of liver samples, and the incidence rate for poultry in (Amrit, Mishrifah Kahlah, Deir al-Hajar , Ruwais al-Hayek , Mushta al-Helu and Bait al-Khatib respectively (90%,86.2%,84%,70.5%,52.2% and 25%), while the farms in Jditi, Beit Juha, Shabat and Beit Al Sheikh Younis were not registered any infection, as the rate of infection during winter season reached 64.63%, while no infection was recorded during summer season, and the infection  was recorded at all ages, as the rate during the third and fourth week was 59.2%, and at the age of 4 weeks 50.2% and the first and second week 49.7 %. A significant differences were recorded in the different measurements of the carcasses taken from the suspected birds of the two farms located in Amrit and Jditi ,where Jditi farm outperformed the Amrit farm in each of the carcass weight , chest circumference – thigh circumference – chest weight – thigh weight and that in a very high statistical function (P< 0.001). This study necessitates the combination of all health and food care operations, avoiding risk and stress factors, applying health conditions and biosecurity measures to reduce the infection rate to a minimum

Keyword: Escherichia coli , meat chicken farm , carcasses.

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Maya Al-Abdala*⁽¹⁾, Safwan Abou Assaf ⁽¹⁾, Afraa Sallowm⁽²⁾

 (1).Socio Economic Directorate، Swaida Research Center، General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR)، Damascus، Syria.

(2).Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Maya alabdala .E-Mail: ammar.ask89@gmail.com)

Received: 22/06/2020                                Accepted: 8/07/2020

Abstract:

The aim of the research was to estimate the efficiency of broiler meat production in Swaida, using a data envelopment analysis approach, through a questionnaire that targeted poultry owners for a random sample of 50% of the studied population, for the 2018 season, and the results showed: according to the CRS model, the average technical efficiency of broiler poultry in winter cycles was 71%, and only 8% of the sample domestication achieved 100% complete efficiency. And that the average technical competence of poultry in the summer courses was 86%, and that 14% of the sample domesticates achieved full efficiency. as for the VRS model: the average technical efficiency of broiler poultry in winter cycles was 79%, and only 17% of the sample poultry achieved full efficiency. While the average technical efficiency of broiler poultry in the summer session was 88%, and 23% of the sample poultry achieved full efficiency. whereas the se efficiency factor for the winter cycle was 0.9, it is clear that about 82% of the domesticated are subject to the increased return on capacity, while 9% are subject to the stability of the return on capacity, and 10% of the sample domesticated are subject to the decrease in return on capacity. Whereas in the summer operating cycles, the efficiency coefficient was se 0.98, and that about 42% of domestic animals are subject to the increased return on capacity, 19% are subject to stability of return on capacity, and 39% of sample domesticities are subject to decreasing return on capacity. The results also showed a surplus in all production inputs (chicks, bedding, water, coal, and feed) in the summer operating cycle, and the surplus cost for these entries was 5495.73 SP, 4659.3 SP, 16267.46 SP, 38458.52 SP, 98647.71 SP, respectively. in the winter employment cycle: there was also a surplus in all production inputs, and the surplus cost for these inputs was 25624.2 SP, 19000.34 SP, 6171.69 SP, 120253.7 SP, 98090.18 Sp, respectively.

Key Words: Data Envelope Analysis, Technical Efficiency, SE Efficiency, CRS, VRS.

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Mahasen Tawaklna ⁽¹⁾, Safaa Sabbouh⁽²⁾, Wael Mtawj⁽²⁾ and Ammar Askarieh^*(2)

(1). Administration of Horticulture Research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Ammar Askarieh. E-Mail: ammar.ask89@gmail.com )

Received: 28/06/2020                                Accepted: 17/08/2020

Abstract

The research was carried out during the two years (2018-2019), 27 types of pecan nuts scattered in different locations of Lattakia were identified, the studied type’s fruits were collected at full maturity and the seeds were extracted from them, for determining the percentage of protein and oil. The percentage of protein was calculated using the Kildahl method and the percentage of oil using the soxhlet device, the data were subjected to the Duncan test using the Genstat-12 statistical analysis program and the averages were compared at 5% level of significance. The results showed that the protein ratio ranged between 6.84% in type 23 seeds and 32.4% in type 10 seeds  which significantly outperformed the rest of the models, and the fat percentage ranged between 49.09% in type10 seeds , and 83.1% in type 8 seeds  which significantly exceeded The rest of the models, it was noted that the correlation between oil percentage and protein percentage in the studied pecan types seeds is an inverse correlation relationship with a correlation coefficient (- 0.73), We recommend to propagated and plant the distinct types in farmer fields, to improve quantity and quality.

Keywords: pecan nuts, oil, protein, Syria.

 Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Yousef mohammad ⁽¹⁾,  Rabie zaineh⁽¹⁾ and  Muhammad zalikha*⁽¹⁾

 (1)- Faculity of Agriculture, Tishreen University, lattakia, Syria..  

 (2)- GCSAR, Lattakia, Syria

  (*Corrsponding author: Muhammad zalikha. E-Mail:  majdkhidr@gmail.com)

Received: 16/11/2019                           Accepted: 11/02/2020

Abstract

The research was conducted at Al-Sanobr Agriculture Research Station (Lattakia /Syria)during the growing season 2017. The aim of the  research is to study the effect of irrigation levels on some morphysiological and quality characteristics of Arachis hypogaea L. Using two cultivars of  Arachis hypogaea L (Sory1 and Sory2) and threeirrigation levels (100 – 80 – 60 % of waterrequirements).The Split Plot Design was used with three replicates, where the irrigation levels occupied the main plots while thecultivarsoccupied split plots.The water requirement was determined using Penman Monteith during through growing season (6702 m³/ha). The results indicated that irrigation level (100% of water requirement) had significant superiority compared on all other irrigation levels (60 % of water requirement) in leaf area (8568 – 7389 cm²/plant respectively), harvest index (19.8 – 14.41 % respectively), plant high (40.46 – 30.86 cm respectively) and oil percentage (42.68 – 38.14 % respectively), while the lowest irrigation level (60% of water requirement) had significant increase on irrigation level (100 % of water requirement) in protein percentage (22.21 – 21.51 % respectively). The cultivar Sory1 had significant increase on the cultivar Sory2 in harvest index and plant height, where there is no significant deference between the two types in leave area, protein and oil percentage.

Keyword: Arachis hypogaeaL, Irrigation Levels, Sory1, Sory2,
 Morphysiological Quality Characteristics.

^{Full paper in Arabic: PDF}

                                 Ahmad Al Jouma⁽¹⁾ and Jamila Dirbas*⁽¹⁾

 (1)- Cotton Research Administration, Aleppo, Syria.  

 (*Corrsponding author: Jamila Dirbas. E-Mail:  jamila.dirbas@gmail.com(

Received: 10/05/2020                                Accepted: 23/06/2020

Abstract

The experiment was conducted at Hama Center for Scientific Agricultural Research during 2018 and 2019 seasons according to randomized complete block design with three replication. This research objected to study combining ability for earliness indicators of F₁ hybrids resulted from half diallel program of twelve parents of upland cotton. Analysis of variance referred to significant differences among the genotypes for all characters. The percentages of δ²GCA/δ²SCA were more than one for all traits except node number to first sympodia brunch that indicated to addictive gene effect, whereas non addictive gene controlled to inheritance of node number to first sympodia. Parent Aleppo 124 was the best general combiner to days to first flowering and days to first boll (-4.51^*) (-7.98^*) respectively, while, parent Aleppo 118 to node number to first sympodia (-0.58^*) and parent Fantum to earliness %. Subsequently, it can be entered to breeding programs for improvement of these traits. Hybrid (Millinium x Cherpan 432) had the best SCA for days to first flowering (-5.37^*), hybrid (Fantum x Lider) days to first boll (-8.64^*) and hybrid (Millinium x Lider) to earliness % (32.78^*) therefor, it can be used in breeding programs for exploiting hybrid vigor. Hybrids had non-significant SCA that resulted from general combiner parents can be used to get distinct genetic combinations at late segregating generations.

Keyword:  cotton, combining ability, earliness, half diallel.

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  Nizar Harba⁽¹⁾,  Nabil Habib⁽²⁾ and  Taimaa Saud^*(3)

 (1)- Department of  Field Crops , Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University.

 (2)- Department of  Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascuse University.

 (3)- Taimaa Saud, Master student, Department of  Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture,
         Tishreen University.

 (*Corrsponding author: Taimaa Saud. E-Mail: taimaa.saud@gmail.com)

Received: 08/04/2020                                Accepted: 09/08/2020

Abstract

This research was carried out during the growing season 2018-2019 at Droukiat village, north of Lattakia, to determine amounts of nitrogen and the optimal clipping date for two dual purpose Triticale lines (Tcl1, Tcl2), under the conditions of the coastal region and its reflection on both grain and biological yields. Clipping was done at two growing stages ( G26 and G30) according to Zadock’s scale. Three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (30, 60, 90 kg N/h) were applied according to the Split-split plot design with three replications, clipping dates, nitrogen fertilizer levels and the lines were represented as main plot, sub plot and sub-sub plot, respectively. The results of research showed that the values of all traits significantly increased when applying nitrogen fertilizer at the level of (60 kg/ha), with an average of (37.88 g) for the weight of 1000 grains, and a grain yield (7029 kg/ha) and a high harvest index value (53.32), the clipping date also had an effect on the yield, as its values increased at early clipping at GS26 with an average of (12421 kg/ha) for Biological yield and an average of (4504 kg/ha) for grain yield. The interaction between the nitrogen fertilizer at the level of (90 kg/ha) and the control without clipping significantly improved the height of plant (131.51 cm) and biological yield (23277 kg/ha), while the interaction between the nitrogen fertilizer at the level of (60 kg/ha) and the clipping date at GS26 significantly improved the grain yield (8083 kg/ha) and harvest index value (60.94).

Keyword: Triticale, dual purpose, clipping, nitrogen fertilizer, grain yield, biological yield.

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Shaza Hasan Besher* (1)

(1)- National Commission for Biotechnology, Damascus (*Corrsponding author: Shaza Hasan Besher E-Mail: sh.hasan85@gmail.com).

Received: 30/01/2020 Accepted: 04/04/2019

Abstract

This research was carried out at the lab of National Commission for Biotechnology during 2018-2019, in order to determine the response of golden henbane’s callus (H. aureus), and to study its growth dynamics on growth regulators-free medium, based on the fresh weight of biomass as an indicator of the callus growth strength, also to determine the effect of the nutritive medium components and change in gene expression of Tropinon Reductase I (TR I) and Tropinon Reductase II (TR II) on the alkaloids concentration in the cellular lines of H. aureus, by estimating the mRNA transcriptional levels of these genes using Real-Time PCR technique. The results of study showed that the growth curve of callus cells in all tested medium followed the sigmoid trend, where growth speed of cells reached the highest division rate at the exponential phase (15 to 35 day) with superiority of the control medium 5C01 in biomass weight. Also the results showed that superiority of the control 5C01 was significant in alkaloid content compared with 5C, 6C and 10C cellular lines. Whereas highest concentration of alkaloids was at the exponential phase (30 days) (0.49%), (0.36%), (0.29%) and (0.21%) for hyoscyamine in 5C01, 5C, 6C and 10C lines, respectively, while the concentration of scopolamine was very low. Measurement of gene expression showed that the highest value of TR I gene expression was at the exponential phase (30 days), registered (9.781), (2.144) and (8.168) times compared to the control 5C01 in 5C, 6C and 10C cellular lines respectively. While the highest value of TR II gene expression was at the lag phase (5 days). However, this superiority in gene expression was not associated with an increase in the alkaloids concentration, this is mainly due to the failure of TR I enzyme in Tropine formation, due to its failure in competing with carbon flowing from Calystegine towards Tropine synthesis, whereas TR II enzyme induces Pseudotropine formation resulting in accumulation of Calystegine, not tropane alkaloids.

Keyword: Hyoscyamus aureus, Real Time PCR, TR I, TR II, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Callus culture.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Wael Mtawj * (1), Mazen Rajab(1) and Hassan Khojah (2)

(1). Biotechnology Dept, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Lattakia, Syria .

(2).Horticulture Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen, University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Rasha Taowz. E-Mail: kawtharb94@gmail.com).

Received: 15/10/2020 Accepted: 9/11/2020

Abstract

This study was conducted at Lattakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research GCSAR, during 2016/2017, In order to study the response of 18 lines of potato Marfona cv. mutagen and unmutagen that were cultured with Spunta Cv. Plants were disposed to salinity stress with different concentrations of NaCl solution (0,50, 100, 150, 200 mM). The results indicated that the existence of a negative correlation between increased oncentrations of salts in the solution and leaves tolerance between clones to salinity stress. The results showed the lines 40mM/3hr/P14, 40mM/3hr/P2, 40mM/2hr/P31, 30mM/4hr/P46, 40mM/4hr/P13 and 40mM/3hr/42 were giving the best values for leaf content from proline ranged from 0.266 to 0.278 mg/g, and the highest values for leaf content from chlorophyll ranged between 12.11 to 12.97 µg/ml.

Key words: Salinity stress, Proline, Chlorophyll, Potato.

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Shabab Nasser(1), Ali Abdalaziz(1), Naji AL-Fraj(1)ُand Alaa Hamo(1)

(1). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(Corresponding author: Eng: Alaa Hamo. E -mail: alaasuliman@outlook.com)

Received: 20/1/2020 Accepted: 14/2/2020

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the foreign trade of sheep in Syria using the gravity model which is considered one of the important models in the external trade using panel data. The study also aimed to identify the most important factors that affect the flow of sheep into the global market during the period (1961-2013). The results indicated that the most important trading partners in Syria are Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Kuwait. The results of the estimated model showed the effect of independent variables (gross domestic product, geographical distance, and economic distance) on the dependent variable, which is Syrian sheep exports for the period (2001-2010), where there was a positive relationship between the gross domestic product and Syrian sheep exports. That is, the increase in the gross domestic product in Syria and the partner countries increases the exports of sheep. There was also a negative relationship between sheep exports and the economic distance, while the relationship between geographical distance and exports was a positive relationship contrary to the economic logic. The study concluded that the gross domestic product of Syria and the amount of sheep produced and exported annually are among the most important determinants of the flow of sheep to the global market. These factors constituted about 97% of the determinants of the flow of Syrian sheep to the global market. The study recommended the necessity of encouraging breeders to invest in sheep breeding projects, and to search for new export destinations in order to reduce the degree of risk resulting from the concentration of exports to one market.

Key words: Awas sheep, Gravity model, exports, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Lugin Ajep(1)* and Ghassan Yaqoub(1)

(1). Department of Agricultural Economic, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Lugin Ajep. E-mail: lwlw517023@ gmail.com).

Received: 13/10/2019 Accepted: 29/01/2020

Abstract

The aim of this research is to spread the culture of green marketing in Hamah governorate in general and AIGhab area in particular, and the extent to which it can benefit from it in the future. In addition, study of the extent to which the Syrian consumer in the AL-Ghab region has adopted products that and support the marketing of green, Data were collected during the period 2019-2018. A random sample of 377 individuals from the community was taken. According to the questionnaire, forms that were distributed to the individuals of the simple, the descriptive and statistical analysis were used in evaluation and monitoring according to the percentage method. The results of the study showed that the degree of green product was low by% (3,18) an average (3,53). There are positive trends towards green products and consumer environment with% (73,20) and% (26,79) strongly. The lack of marketing strategy capable of marketing green products in an effective manner was a disagreement of % (42,97) and (3,25) the arithmetic mean, the low economic level has The greatest impact in reducing The application of green marketing.

Keyword: Green marketing, Recycling products, AL-Ghab the area Hama, adoption

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