Mahmoud Sheikh Muhammad^(1)*, Omar Al-Naser ⁽¹⁾and Mohammed Al-Azem ⁽²⁾

(1). Dept. of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Dept. of Food Engineering Technologies, Faculty of Technical Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Eng. Mahmoud Sheikh Muhammad. E-Mail: mahmoud.sh.m@alepuniv.edu.sy).

Received: 26/12/2019                                Accepted: 17/2/2019

Abstract

This study was investigated at the laboratories of the Department of Food Sciences at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo in 2019, with the aim of knowing the best way to preserve and store the fruits of whole tomatoes, in terms of initial treatment and adding solutions with known concentrations in the preservation process, by studying the changes in some Chemical traits of fresh tomato fruits (such as lycopene, vitamin C, and reducing sugars) and stored for three months. Peeled and unpeeled tomato samples were preserved in two solutions: the first is a 6% saline solution and the second is a 6% saline solution with citric acid 0.3%, the peeled tomato samples were significantly superior (P˃0.01) to their peeled counterparts by retaining lycopene and vitamin С, the results also showed that preserving and storing the fruits of tomatoes, whether (peeled or unpeeled), is better in saline solution than in saline solution with citric acid, in order to preserve their generally studied chemical components.

Keywords: Storage, Peeling, Tomato, Lycopene, Vitamin C, Saline solution, Citric acid

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ammar mouhammad said *⁽¹⁾ and Talal Amin ⁽²⁾

 (1). Department of Forestry and Environment , Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: ammar mouhammad Email: ammarsaid19991@gmail.com).

Abstract

The study was conducted in 2018 and 2019 seasons on some genotypes of wild laurel which distributed at Al-Samrah and Al-Nabaaen sites in Latakia governorate, Syria in order to identify the effect of site, tree gender (male or female) and indole-butyric acid IBA on rooting ability of semi wood cuttings of bay laurel. Cuttings were taken in September 2018. IBA 4000 and 0 ppm was used. Results showed that the study site had an effect on rooting ratio (%), Al- Samrah site was superior to Al- Nabaaen. Rooting (%) of female cuttings were superior to male. It was hard to rooting laurel cuttings without hormone treatment, because of that no rooting was detected in the control treatment (without hormone application). An interaction was found between studied factors in rooting (%), while neither study site nor tree gender affected root length or root number. Overall results indicated the ability of using IBA (4000ppm) for successful rooting of laurel cuttings. Taken cuttings from female tress would improve rooting ability (%) more than twice compared to the male trees rooting ability (%). Best results were obtained when taken cuttings from female trees of Al-Samrah site with the application of 4000ppm of IBA, and the rooting percentage will reach 68.78%. 

Key words: Laurel, Rooting, Indole- butyricAcid, Semi wood cuttings.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

                  Rami Kaba ⁽¹⁾  , Omar Abd AL Razzaq ⁽¹⁾    and   Hussien Al Sulieman ⁽¹⁾

• Soil sciences Department faculty of  agriculture Al Furat University-Syria  

Received: 15/09/2020                                Accepted: 20/11/2020

Abstract:

The study aimed to assess the availability of potassium in predominance soil orders (Vertisols,  Inciptisols and Aridisols)  in the Syrian AlGazira and under different land uses (fallow – cultivated), using Backett approach a Quantity- Intensity (Q/I) relationships (ARKe activity ratio, labile K (ΔK0), Potential buffering capacity (PBCK), Gapon Selectivity Coefficient KG). Results of thermodynamic criteria, showed that the highest value of the ionic activity of potassium ARKe was in Malikiyah soil Malikiyah soil (Deir Tigris)/ fallow 0.0183 (mol/liter)^1/2 and the lowest value for the ionic activity in DierAlzor soil(Sour)/fallow 0.0055 (mol/liter)1/2 and all ARKe values obtained in this study were low but higher than the minimum levels. An increase in the ionic activity values was observed in the Malikiyah and Qamishli soils compared to the DierAlzor soils. As for the labile K (ΔK₀) values, The results show that the soil which releases amounts of potassium fixes smaller amount of it as in soils of (Malikiyah and Qamishli soils); these soils contains the Smectite clay mineral. Soils of (DierAlzor) were low in Smectite and high in Mica clay minerals and they fix potassium more than the released quantity, and it has also been observed that the percentage of labile K (ΔK₀) values is increased in fallow soils compared to soils The cultivation of the upper horizon in the DierAlzor and Qamishli sites, while the behavior was different in the Malikiyah soils. The values of potassium Potential buffering capacity (PBC^K), of the studied soils ranged between (2.128 – 80.432) [cmol kg-1]/(M L-1)^0.5]. With a mean of 24.459- 43.269-48.718 [cmol kg^-1]/(M L^-1)^0.5]. for soils DierAlzor (Sour), Qamishli and Malikiyah, respectively. The values of the Capon modulus ranged between 0.491 – 5.246 liters. Mol -1. With averages of 2,923 – 1,301 – 1,243 for for soils DierAlzor (Sour), Qamishli and Malikiyah, respectively. The study provided more accurate information about the potassium dynamics of the soils and play a significant role in the behavior of potassium.

Keywords: Potassium, quantity-intensity relationships, potential buffering capacity, Syria

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Ola Ali Merhej ^*(1),Mahmoud Kamel Ali ⁽¹⁾, Ali Saker Thabeet ⁽²⁾, Yunis Mohammad Idress⁽³⁾ and Lama Saleh Essa ⁽⁴⁾

1. Forestry & Ecology Department- Agriculture Faculty- Tishreen University- Syria. 
2. Natural resources Department- Agriculture Faculty- Aleppo University- Syria.
3. General Organization of Remote Sensing- Damascus- Syria.
4. Engineer- Forestry Department, Directorate of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Latakia,

^{( *} Corresponding author, mobile phone: 0932044199 mail: olamerhej@gmail.com)

Abstract

Forest fires are a frequent phenomenon in the Mediterranean forests in general and cause major changes in forest cover and climate. The season fire in the Syrian coast forests extends from June to October, but its effects may last for many years. In this study, two images of the Sentinel 2A satellite were used to determine the area and severity of the Farzala fire in Syria, which began on October 13 and was extinguished on October 15, 2019. NBR index values ​​were calculated from each image separately, and then dNBR was calculated to extract the burned areas and determine the fire severity. The results showed that the fire spread over a total area of ​​(871.27) hectares, of which (166.298) hectares were of high severity. The accuracy of dNBR index in determining the area of ​​the fire was (87.61%). On the other hand, the post-fire NBR value for the burned area ranged from -0.73 to 0.1. The study concluded the importance of using the dNBR index derived from Sentinel 2A satellite imagery in determining the severity of forest fires and setting fire borders.

Key Words: NBR, Sentinel, Remote Sensing, Forest Fires, Latakia, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

                                Mohammad Ibraheem^(1)⁎ , Ali Zidan⁽¹⁾  and  Haitham Ead⁽²⁾

(1) Soil and water sciences Department, Fac. of Agric. TU, Lattakia, Syria.

(2) General Commission of Scientific Agricultural Research- Tartous -Syria.

      (*Corrsponding author: M. Ibraheem. E-Mail mohamadali.87@hotmail.com).

Received: 12/10/2020                                 Accepted: 29/3/2021

Abstract:

This research work was carried out at the Agricultural Center for Scientific Research, in Tartous, in spring season 2020, as this experiment included (9) treatments, consisting of interaction between three levels of organic matter (O₂= 5, O₁= 2.5 , O₀= 0 ) kg/m², and three levels of biochar  (B0=0, B1=1, B2=2) % by weight of soil. The results showed that both organic matter and biochar singly and in combination, had a positive effect on productivity of potato tubers and with an increase in the percentage of large tubers and decrease in the percentage of small and medium tubers. Also, the complementary effect between organic fertilizer and biochar was also positive, as the traditional farm treatment of, organic fertilizer + 2 % biochar, achieved the highest yield of potatoes (62.7 ton.h^–1) with (229%) increase, compared with the control treatments which gave (19.03 ton.h^-1) only.

Key wards; Potato, Organic matter, Biochar, productivity.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

                         El Ahmed *⁽¹⁾ and M. K. Nahhal⁾²⁾

(1). Aleppo Agricultural Scientific Research Center, GCSAR, Syria.

2- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria

(*Corrsponding author: M. El Ahmed. E-Mail: mohammed24111984@gmail.com).

Received: 17/11/2019                                Accepted: 08/12/2020

Abstract

Broiler chicken samples were collected from different markets in Lattakia city in 2016-2017, the total account and groups of bacteria of broiler skin were done. Then the changes in the populations of the groups of bacteria were examined after each of five consecutive washings in mixtures of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and oleic acid (OA), where portions of skin from commercially processed broiler carcasses were washed in distilled water (control) and in mixture (0.5% NaOH – l% OA) by using a laboratory blender to agitate the skin in the solutions. After each wash, skin was transferred to fresh solutions, and washing was repeated to provide samples washed one to five times in each solution. Bacteria in reinstates of the washed skin were enumerated on plate count (PC) agar, Hektoen Enteric Agar, Mackonkey agar, EMB agar, SS agar, Pseudomonas-Cetrimid-Agar, the results showed that no significant differences were observed in numbers of bacteria recovered on PC, or on all other selective medium from skin after repeated washing in water. Repeated washing of skin in (0.5% NaOH – 1% OA) generally produced significant reductions in the number of bacteria recovered on all medium. Furthermore, no gram-negative enteric bacilli or coliform bacteria, in particular E. coli, were recovered from skin washed four times in (0.5% NaOH – 1% OA). Likewise, no Pseudomonas spp. was recovered from skin washed three or more times in this mixture.

Keyword: Tomato Leaf Miner, Planting Date, Tomato Varieties

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

                          Mais hijazia⁽¹⁾*,Salem Rai ⁽¹⁾and Jamal al ahmad⁽¹⁾

(1).Department of plant protection-Faculty of Agriculture.Tishreen university –Lattakia-Syria

(*Corresponding author:  Mais Hijazia. E-Mail: mais hejazia@gmail.com )

Received: 12/10/2020                     Accepted: 14/11/2020

Abstract

This study was aimed to detect phytoplasma prevalence on some plants host in Syrian coast from 2018 to 2020 through the apparent symptoms that caused, including yellowing ,phyllody, stunting, and witches broom, and by used light microscopy and Diens Stain, in addition to use the symptomatic plants Catharanthus roseus to transmission the pathologic agent. The results showed by using Dien stain and light microscopy on the sections of the infected plants(Pepper, Citrus,Rubus) presence blue regions in the phloem but not seen in the healthy plant and this indicates to presence phytoplasma. The prevalence of phytoplasma was higher in Pepper plant on infection average 13.17% in Lattakia and 11.16% in Tartous, and infection  average on Citrus was 10.59% in Lattakia and 8.9% in Tartous and 6.6% on Rubus in Lattakia.

Keywords: phytoplasma, Syrian Coast, Catharanthus roseus ,Light microscopy

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Hala Al-alagouria⁽¹⁾ Imad Ismail^(1)⁎ Badea Samra⁽²⁾ and Fahd Soheoni⁽³⁾

(1). Department of plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen university, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen university, Lattakia, Syria.

(3). Faculty of Second Agriculture, Aleppo university, Idlep. Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Imad Ismail. E-mail:  imad.ismail@tishreen.edu,sy)

Received: 17/05/2020                                Accepted: 22/06/2020

Abstract

    The field experiment was conducted at an Al-Muturki village in Lattakia Governorate during 2019/2020 growing season to study the effect Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection on the lighter pigments of four hybrids of pepper plants Taline F1, Amani F1, Harek F1 and Marvilo F1 at three times after viral infection 15, 30, 45 days. The experiment was carried out using the randomized complete block design with 8 treatments and 8 replicates per treatment. The results showed that, the viral infection affected the light pigments (chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, total chlorophyll and carotenoids) after 15 days of infection with the virus. The highest effect of the viral infection was 30 days after infection, Where the values ​​of light pigments of the hybrids of infected peppers decreased by significant differences compared to control plants. As for 45 days after infection with the virus, the effect of the viral infection decreased with the age of the plant. On the three dates, the decrease in the values ​​of chlorophyll A was higher than the decrease in the values ​​of chlorophyll B and carotenoids, the decrease in the values ​​of chlorophyll B was higher than the decrease in the values ​​of carotenoids, and the decrease in the values ​​of the light pigments led to a decrease in photosynthesis.                                                                 

Key word: Pepper, Cucumber mosaic virus, Hybrids, Photosynthesis.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Samir Mahfoud^*(1) and Ghazela Louafi ⁽¹⁾

(1). Plant Protection Department. Centre of Homs. General commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR)- Homs-Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Samir Mahfoud. E-Mail mahfoods69@Gmail.com).

Received: 3/12/2019                                  Accepted: 14/04/2020

Abstract

Vine cultivation is one of the main crops in Syria, especially in Homs region, and due to the spread of diseases threating it; this research aimed to isolation and identification the fungal pathogens associated with grapevine decline,  dieback and death. The field survey was conducted during the period between 2010 and 2014 on 13 orchards distributed in 6 areas in Homs province (Almoukhtaria, Zaidal, Fairouza, Aljaberia, Alrrastan and the fields of Homs Agricultural Research Center), The symptoms and the time of their occurrence were recorded and samples of the trunks and mature cans of the plants showed that symptoms were taken and saved with its data in cold conditions and sent to be saved on the refrigerators of the laboratory of plant pathology of the Agricultural Research Center in Homs until the identification tests. Results revealed that the occurrence of the superficial symptoms began in early June and continued until late October, with two types of symptoms have been distinguished: first type was slow to be observed and characterized by stripe spots between the leaf veins, and second type was severe distinguished by sudden partially or whole plant dusting or death some shoots. The isolation and microscopic tests for pycnidia found on some cane`s surface or on the surface of some fungal colonies cultured in PDA and their microscopic and morphological studying revealed the existence of Botryosphaeria obtusa (Diplodia seriata ) in 62.8% of samples which have been surveyed. In  our knowledge this is the first report confirms the existence of the black dead arm disease on grape vine in Syria

Key words: Grapevine, Black arm, Pathogenicity, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

                   Mahmoud Hasan⁽¹⁾, Ramez Mohammad⁽²⁾ and Tarek Hasan^{* (1)}

(1). Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Nutritive Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:  Tarek Hasan . E-Mail: whatslove333@gmail.com(

Received: 20/12/2018                                Accepted: 19/02/2020

Abstract

This study showed the positive effect of treating tobacco plants burley variety by Trichoderma fungus Trichoderma harzianum as a stimulator of systemic acquired resistance against tobacco black shank disease caused by Phytophthora parasitica var nicotianae on some physical and chemical qualities of the dry burley leaves, and on the yield (fresh and dry weight) by irrigation and spraying methods. It was clear that best methods was by irrigation which increased the percentage of the apparent density of the dry leaves treated by T. harzianum reached to 40.55% compared with healthy control 26.37%, and the nicotine percentage reached to 1.78% compared by healthy control 1.95% , and gave less percentage of chloride 0.75% compared to healthy control 0.72% which is a positive quality, and increased the percentage of protein to 12.68% and the healthy control 11.43%, there were increased in the non-protein nitrogen (NPN) to 2.23% compared with healthy control 1.75%. The yield increased by treatment with T. harzianum by irrigation method which increased the average of fresh weight of leaves of one plant to 635.12 g compared with healthy control 395.56 g, and increased of the average of dry weight of leaves of one plant to 66.3 g compared with healthy control 41.4 g.

Kay Wards: Apparent Density, Nicotine. Chloride, Dry Weight, Trichoderma harzianum, Burley Tobacco Plant.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF