Eyad Dannoura ^(1)*, Hafez Mahfoud ⁽¹⁾ and Ali Deeb ⁽²⁾

(1). General Commission For Agricultural Scientific Research (GCSAR), Lattakia, Syria.

(2).Department Of Horticulture, Faculty, Of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*corresponding author: Dr. Eyad Dannoura. Email: eyed.dannoura@gmail.com )

Received: 10/08/2020                                Accepted: 6/09/2020

Abstract

This study was carried out  on  the  wild apple Malus trilobata (Lab) prevailing  in Lattakia mountains, during  (2013 – 2017), in ten areas (Pichraghe, Helbako, Almonaizlah, Raas al chaara, Aldalia, Aleriza, Beet zantot, Zanuo, Kherpat alsendiana, Gaopet bergal) , at an altitude between (730-1250) m above sea level. The study was achieved at Molecular Biotechnology lab/ Latakia Research Center. The aims of this study were to perform the molecular characterization by using RAPD technique. The results of the molecular characterization showed the efficiency of the primers used (16 primers) in detecting the genetic differences among the studied genotypes. Whereas all primers produced 92 fragments and showed efficiency in detecting genetic variation among the genotypes, only thirty-seven fragments were polymorphic and allowed to detect an average of genetic variability equal to 40.21% and helping in preparing the relevant dendrogram. The cluster analysis revealed that studied genotypes were divided into two groups with a variance ratio reached (29%). It also showed the existence of a large genetic base for the studied species, which allows it to be used in the breeding and genetic improvement programs for apples in Syria.

Keywords: Wild apple, Molecular characterization, Technique (RAPD), The cluster analysis.

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Aber Muhammad⁽¹⁾  and Shorok Saad⁽²⁾

(1) Department of Environmental Engineering College of Civil Engineering – Al-Baath University, Homas, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Shorok Saad. E -mail: shoroksaad333@hotmail.com)

Received: 20/7/2020                                  Accepted: 22/8/2020

Abstract   

This research aims to study the ability of fava beans (Vicia faba) and basil (Ocimum basilicum) plants to accumulate lead and cadmium elements in the soil of two random dumpsites (near the village of Tal Al-Nasr – near the village of Al-Nuwaiha) in Homs city. Soil samples were collected on (10-9-2018) and were placed in potted planted with the seeds of both fava beans and basil. Plant samples were collected (leaves – roots – seeds) and samples were prepared to determine the concentrations of (Pb, Cd) by means of the flame atomic absorption device brand (Shimadza AA 7000) and the results were expressed in ppm. The element accumulation was estimated by calculating the bioaccumulation factor (BF). The average lead content for two landfillers was (36.82 -15.30 ppm) respectively in different parts of the fava beans plant (grains, leaves, and roots) and the average value of the BF for two landfillers was (BF = 0.210 <1). The average lead content for two landfillers was (16.77-5.93 ppm) respectively in different parts of the basil plant (leaves – roots) and the average value of BF for two landfillers was (BF = 0.08 <1). The average cadmium content for two landfillers was respectively (0.93-0.27 ppm) in different parts of the faba bean plant and the BF for two landfillers was (BF = 0.73), the average cadmium content of landfillers was (1.76-0.28 ppm), respectively in the different parts of the basil plant and the average value of the BF for the two landfillers was (BF = 0.83), therefore we find that all of the fava bean and basil did not provide as a good accumulators of Pb in landfills, while they were good accumulators of cadmium.

Key words: Phytoextraction, Bioaccumulation factor, Fava beans, Basil, Cadmium, Lead.

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Ammar Mahmoud Mostafa^{* (1)}, Ali Hassan Nisafi ⁽¹⁾ and Fahim Ali Abdelaziz ⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Tartous University, Tartous, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ammar Mostafa. E-Mail: ammarmostafa110@gmail.com).

Received: 15/5/2020                                  Accepted: 30/5/2020

Abstract

In this study, the quality of the groundwater used in some poultry farms in the countryside of Safita in Tartous Governorate was evaluated. As one sample was taken for each farm at an average of once every two months, bringing the total number of samples tested (20 samples/ 5 wells) during the period from March to the end of December 2019. in order to determine the physical changes and chemical pollution that may occur in the groundwater, especially in rural areas due to agricultural and human activities, and the failure to follow bio-security measures to dispose of poultry waste and other agricultural animals, which may lead to risks on health and environment. Some physical and chemical parameters of the studied groundwater wells were measured (turbidity – electrical conductivity – pH – total hardness- chloride – sulfate – sodium – nitrate – nitrite – ammonium). The results showed a marked increase in all measurements of the studied indicators, due to the leaching of chemical and organic pollutants to the groundwater in the rainy seasons. It was also found that all studied elements were within the permissible limits according to the standard specifications for drinking water for poultry, with the exception of the total hardness of water in all studied wells respectively (371.3, 341.3, 391.5, 390, 407.5) mg/l, and the values of nitrite exceeded the permissible limits in the water of a well (0.12) mg/l according to the standard specifications for poultry drinking water. We recommend periodic checks of wells water used in poultry farms, and treating or replacing contaminated wells water.

Key words: Physical changes, Chemical pollution, well water, Poultry.

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Osama kadro^(1)*, Jihad Ebrahim⁽¹⁾ and Rabiaa Zaini⁽²⁾

(1).Department of Soil and Land Sciences. Faculty of Agriculture. Tishreen University.Lattakia. Syria.

(2) Researcher in General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: osama kadro.Lattakia. Syria. E-mail: osamakadro777@gmail.com).

Received: 29/7/2020                                  Accepted: 2/9/2020

Abstract

This research was carried out in Celtic Clay Soil within the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Latakia (Stkheres Station) for the year 2017 to study the effect of different levels of pressure applied to Celtic Clay Soil (0 – 199 – 330 kPa), and different levels of its organic matter content (0 – 2-4 m3 / dunum) in the growth of the yellow corn plant (Tango.F 1). The results showed the clear and significant effect of soil compression on the apparent density of the soil, in addition to the decrease in the total porosity volume by increasing the pressure, noting that the effect of pressure was decreasing with depth as the compression of the soil in the surface layer led to an increase in the apparent density by 0.26 g/  at a pressure of 199 kPa and an increase of 0.32 g/  when The pressure is 330 kPa and the organic matter contributed to reducing the effect of compression when adding 4 m 3 / dunum by 0.16 g/  when adding it to the soil by 4 m 3 / dunum. As noted  in depth (5-20)cm a decrease in the size of pores whose diameters (0.2 – 10) microns with an increase in pressure from 16.59% in the treatment without pressure and without organic matter to 13.66% at pressure 199kpa and to 11.12% at pressure 330kpa and the organic matter contributed to Reducing the impact of pressure, as the volume of these pores increased significantly by 0.41% at pressure 199kpa and by 3.13% at pressure 330kpa, at the level of adding 4 m 3 / dunum The leaf surface reached a month and a half after planting for treatment without pressure and without adding organic matter (3169) cm2. And increased this flat to (4312.6) cm2 at the level of adding organic matter 4 m3 /dunum. At a pressure level of 199kpa, the organic matter contributed to compensate for the deficiency of the leaf surface by 691cm2 at the level of adding 4 m 3 / dunum and at pressure 330kpa it compensated for the deficiency by 659.8cm2 at the level of adding 4 m 3 / dunum The results also showed that the average grain production reached without pressure (1075.55) Kg/dunum as an average of the organic matter levels. It decreased to (818.40) Kg/dunum and (439.08) Kg/dunum, respectively, at 199kpa and 330kpa. The organic matter was able to compensate for the decrease in this production by 10.15-21.1% at the 199kpa pressure level, and by 13.28-28.25% at the 330kpa pressure level.

Key words: Soil compression, Organic matter, Maize, Physical properties of soil.

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Lina Rayya⁽¹⁾ and Manal Saleh^*(1)

• Agricultural Research Center in Latakia, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Latakia, Syria .

(*Corresponding author, Manal Saleh,  Email manalsaj3@gmail.com)

Received: 6/9/2020                                 Accepted: 15/10/2020

Abstract

This research was carried out at Al Sanoubar Station, Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Lattakia, in order to study the effect of  organic fertilizers in  productivity of “Thymus vulgaris“, during the seasons 2016-2019. The experiment was designed in randomized block design at a rate of seven treatments and three replicates/ treatment; the  treatments are : the control (T0), the farmer (T1),cattle manure fertilization (T2), poultry fertilization (T3), Mixed fertilizing (T4), faba bean (T5),vetch plant (T6). The results showed variability at the level (5%) and the superiority of the treatment (T4) in term of  the average of plant length , the average number of branches/ plant, wet weight of plant  (28cm, 15 branch/ plant 109 g) except  (T6) with respect to number of branches plant(14) branch. The percentage of essential oil content was significantly increased in response to the use of  poultry fertilization (T3) which realized higher percentage than the rest of the treatments by 8.4% followed by(T1) by 3.737%

Key words: Thymus vulgaris, organic  fertilization, green fertilization, poultry, cattle manure.

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Al- Muthana Subhi Al- Diwani (2)and Irfan Aswad Al-Hamd*⁽¹⁾

(1): The Department of Soil and Land Reclamation – Faculty of Agriculture at Deir Ezzor – Euphrates University.

(2): The Department of Soil and Land Reclamation – Faculty of Agriculture at Hasaka – Euphrates University

(*Corresponding author: Irfan Al-Hamd E -mail: orfan.alhmad@gmail.com)

Received: 19/4/2020                                  Accepted: 4/6/2020

Abstract

A post experiment was carried out on wheat plant (cultivar – Sham 6) during the agricultural season (2018) at the laboratory of the Department of Soil and Land Reclamation / Faculty of Agriculture / University of the Euphrates. Three levels of irrigation water (1.10, 3 and 6 m/ds) were used which w₁, w₂ and w₃, respectively, and three levels of sheep manure (0, 30 and 60) tons / ha which coded (M₀, M₁ and M₂), respectively, with three replications, thus becoming 27 experimental units, a factorial experiment was arranged according to split plot design. Irrigation was carried out according the treatments of the study, and the moisture content continued to attained the level of (75-80)% of the ready water by weight for all treatments throughout the study period, and the washing requirements were added by (15)% with irrigation water, and on the date of 10/5/2019 . the plants of all treatments were harvested. The results showed when:
The salinity of the irrigation water increased it caused a significant increase in the values ​​of electrical conductivity, soil organic matter, and the ratio of adsorbed sodium (SAR), and  a decrease in pH, while increasing levels of sheep manure contributed to a decrease (electrical conductivity, pH, and (SAR) and increased soil content of organic matter. The overlap between sheep manures and the salinity of the irrigation water that achieved in the characteristics of (plant height, number of branches, weight of dry matter, and weight of 1000 grains of wheat (cultivar sham- 6) the lowest values ​​as they reached (73.25) cm (3.55), (28.54) g and (38.11) g, respectively, for the treatment (W₃M₀) and the highest values, as it reached   (86.15) cm, (6.73), (38.36) g, and (43.56) g, respectively, for the treatment (W₂M₂) .

Key words: irrigation water quality, sheep manure, soil salinity, wheat (cultivar cham 6).

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Muhammad Abdul Aziz ⁽¹⁾,Muhammad Nael Khattab ⁽¹⁾           and Yara Zarba ^(1)*

• Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia – Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Yara Zarba. E-Mail: nanoyaro55@gmail.com).

Received: 21/04/2020                                Accepted: 7/06/2020

Abstract

The research was carried out in the scientific research laboratory at the Faculty of Agriculture – Tishreen University – in 2019 with the aim of studying the chemical components of Foeniculum vulgare fennel leaves and fruits collected from some areas of Lattakia countryside of different elevation from the sea level (Ras Shamra, Bahlouliya, Maziraa) to form a base for programs Genetic improvement for increasing the active substances in this plant (total chlorophyll, carotene, carbohydrates, protein, essential and essential oil). The results showed the superiority of Al-Maziraa (the highest sea level) significantly over all the qualities studied in the leaves {total chlorophyll ratio (1389.71 micro g / g), carotene (51.47 µ g / g), carbohydrates (6.19%), protein (3.88%), and essential), carotene (51.47 µ g / g), carotene (51.47 µ g / g), carbohydrates (6.19%), protein (3.88%), and essential), carbohydrates (6.19%), protein (3.88%) and essential oil (0.7 %)}, On the Ras Shamra and Bahloulia sites, and this may be due to the most favorable environmental conditions for the growth and development of the Shamra plant. The chemical composition varied significantly with the content of fennel fruits according to the sites {location of bahloulieh with carbohydrates (38.82%), essential oils (8.6%), al-Muzayri’ah site with primary oil (12.66%) and Ras Shamra site with protein (11.16%)..

The possibility of cultivating fennel in different altitudes from (14-435m) above the sea level, and in various types of soils in the Syrian coast, with preference for higher altitudes.

Key words: Sealevel rise, Fennel, Chlorophyll, Carotene, Carbohydrates, Protein, Essential and aromatic oils.

Full paper in Arabic:  PDF

Ismail Mohamad  Omran*⁽¹⁾, Ghassan Kalil Yacoub⁽¹⁾ and        Mahmoud Mostafa Alio ⁽¹⁾

(1). Dep. Agricultural Economics., Fac. Agric., Tishreen University., Lattakia, Syria.         

(*Corresponding author: Eng: Ismail Mohamad Omran E.mail: Ismail.omran86@gmail.com)

Received: 18/06/2020                                 Accepted: 19/07/2020

                                           Abstract

     The aim of this research was to identify the impact of the economic liberalization policy on the requirements of agricultural production and the total costs and the net dunum yield of the citrus crop, in addition to studying the impact of this policy on productive and economic indicators, depending on secondary data issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Reform in Syria for a time series (2004-2017), as it was divided into three phases: (2004-2007), (2008-2011), (2012-2017), and the study also used descriptive statistical analysis methods (averages, and percentages, difference coefficient), and indicators of economic efficiency and productivity, and the results showed an increase in the costs of production requirements by (949.68)% due to the increase in subsidies by the state over production requirements, and in contrast, the net dunum yield decreased by (38.9)% compared to the period before the economic liberalization, and The study showed that the application of economic reform policy and programs led to a decrease in the total revenue ratio to the total costs of the citrus crop at a rate of about (25.7)% compared to the pre-liberation period, while the rate of increase in the total costs amounted to (361.2)%, and this led to an increase in the average cost 1 kg citrus fruits from (7 SP) to (30 SP), and it was clear from this that the implementation of the liberalization policy led to an increase in the average cost of 1 kg citrus fruits by (328.6)%, as for production indicators, at the time they increased In it the area cultivated with citrus fruits increased by (32.1%), and production increased by (31.3). The productivity per hectare remained almost constant with a very slight increase rate of about (0.4)% compared to the period before the economic liberalization.

Keywords: Agriculture Support, Agricultural Politics, economic Liberalization, Production costs.                                                                                             

Full paper in Arabic: PDF

Majd Namaa ^(1)* , Ghassan Yacoub ⁽¹⁾ and Ayman Achouch⁽²⁾

(1) Dep. Agricultural Economics., Fac.     Syria   Agric., Tishreen Univ., Lattakia, Syria.   

(2)  Professor,Dep. Statistics and Programming , Fac. Economic., Tishreen Univ., Lattakia,  Syria.   

(^* Corresponding auther: Ibrahim Mhanna. E-mail: mjd.namaa.90@gmail.com)

 Received: 20/01/2020                          Accepted:22/03/20

      Abstract:

The objective of the research is was  to predict the production and area of ​​tobacco production in the Syrian Arab Republic for the period (2019-2027) using ARIMA analysis, based on time series data on production and cultivated area for the period 1975-2017.The research was based primarily on the secondary data of FAO, based on the descriptive method of analysis in both descriptive and quantitative terms, using the linear analysis of the time series regression function in its various mathematical images, as well as using Box-Jenkins method to predict future values ​​of production The maximal Likelihood Estimation (MLE) for Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models.Results showed that the best predictive models of production and cultivated area during the required period were ARIMA (2.2,2)According to the selected model, the production volume in 2019 will reach 9130.9 tons between a minimum of 3056.9 tons and a maximum of 15205.0 tons, and it will continue to decline until 2025 to reach 920.0 tons and increase again in 2026 to 6766.4 tons between a  minimum of 6579.3 tons and a maximum of 7932.0 tons, and then returns to decline again in the year (2027) to 2281.4 tons.The cultivated area will reach 2,736.9 hectares in the year 2019 to a minimum of 3010.4 ha and a maximum of 11,236.5 ha. It will continue to decline until 2088 to reach 3588.5 hectares. This will increase again in 2026 to 4966.7 hectares between a minimum of 4553.5 ha and maximum of 10487.0 hectares and it is expected  to decline in 2027 to reach 3830.5 hectares between a minimum of 3623.6 and maximum of 10284.5 hectares.

Keywords: Tobacco, Prediction, Time series, Models of Box Jenkis, ARIMA.

Full paper in Arabic: PDF