Badr Alden Jalab(1)* Mustafa Mazen Otri(1) Faisal Khalil(1) Fatema Abdelrahman(1)
(1) Center for Scientific Agricultural Research in Aleppo, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Badr alden Jalab. E-Mail: b.jalab@ yahoo.com)
Abstract:
The study done in (2016-2018) on the soil of Aleppo governorate showed that it has a high content of total iron (37100-51300) ppm (representing the terarosa, brown and dark red soil) except for the sample has taken from gray soil at Aleppo badia (14200 ppm). The amount of iron available ranged from 0.24 ppm in the gray dry soils of Aleppo Badia east of Safira city (very poor) to 18.7 ppm in Terarosa soil in Kafar Nouran (rich), and most soils of Aleppo governorate was low and the average content of iron available because its high content of calcium carbonate and high Ph. The correlation coefficient between the total amount of iron available in the soil was positive and significant and it was 0.49, while the correlation coefficient between the amount of iron available and the percentage of active lime in the soil was negative and significant and the value was 0.63. The addition of humic acids or iron chelates to soil resulted in a significant increase in the available iron content in soil compared to the control and was not the same when adding agricultural sulfur to the soil. Conducting a field experiment on feeding the bean plant with iron, the foliar spraying with ferrous sulfate and the addition of iron chelate to the soil in terms of (the average content of bean leaves of iron) on the control (not adding iron) increased by 38% and 18%, respectively. To feed the plant with iron in the high ground content of calcium carbonate foliar spraying with ferrous sulfate is recommended, preferably with the addition of iron chelate to the soil because the first method outweighs the second in the absorption of leaves of iron.
Keywords: soil, iron, bean , chelates, ferrous sulphate

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Nihad Abdul-Lateef Ali*(1) and Nebras Kadhim Abbas(2)

(1) Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture University of AL-Qasim Green, Iraq.
(2) Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate of Agriculture Babylon, Iraq.
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Nihad Ali. E-Mail: dr.nihad@agre.uoqasim.edu.iq)
Abstract
This study was conducted at the Poultry Farm of Animal production Dept., College of Agriculture, University of AL-Qasim Green to investigate Study the Effect of adding different levels of Nano Boron to the Diet in some blood parameters of broiler Chickens Ross 308 . Use the 180 broiler chicks Ross 308 day-old were randomly assigned to four treatments (by 3 replicates per treatment 15 chicks per replicate), and treatments were as follows : First treatment: control group: free from any addition. The second treatment: experimental added to it 40 mg nano-boron / kg feed, the third treatment: experimental added to it 60 mg nano-boron / kg feed and the fourth treatment: experimental added to it 80 mg nano-boron /kg feed. The experiment included a study of the following characteristics : red blood cell account, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) , Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), value of Mean Corpuscular Volume, white blood cells account and differential leucocyte count . The results of the study did not show significant differences between the experiment treatments in the number of red blood cells account, hemoglobin concentration, the percentage of Haematocrit, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) at 21 days age. The value of Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), where the first treatment (control) recorded the highest concentration for it. The fourth treatment (addition of 80 mg nano-boron particles/kg feed) showed an increase in the red blood cells account and the Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) significantly (P <0.05) at 35 days age. As for the hemoglobin concentration and percentage of Haematocrit, no significant differences were recorded between all experiment treatments. The results showed the superiority of the first treatment (control) in both the value of Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and the value of Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) compared to the fourth treatment. The treatments of the nano-boron have a role in raising the immune traits for the bird at the 35 days age, where a significant improvement (P<0.05) in white blood cells account and the highest percentage of Lymphocytes (L) and the lowest percentage of (H / L) recorded compared to control treatment, while no significant differences in the percentage of Heterophil cells (H) between bird groups. It concluded from this experience, that the addition of nano-boron to the ration can lead to improve in some blood parameters of the broiler .
Key words : nano-boron , blood parameters , broiler

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Amani Berawi *(1), Abd Al-Gani Khorchid (2), Mahammad Manhal Al-Zoubi (3), Ayham Asbah(1), Saher Al-Bakeer (4)
(1) Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Hama, Hama, Syria.
(2) Department of soil and soil reclamation, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.
(3) Administration of Natural Resources Research, Damascus, Syria.
(4) Department of horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.
(*corresponding author: Amani Berawi. E-mail : eng.amani199001@gmail.com)
Abstract:
To study the effect of adding soluble fertilizers and Foliar Application by Micronutrients in determining the optimum rate of soluble fertilizers according to the Fertigation and the effect of these fertilizers on the production of olive tree and their content of oil. The experiment was carried out in an olive field of the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research(GCSAR) (Hama Research Center) during the two seasons (2016 – 2017). The trees of the experiment were selected to be homogeneous in growth and age. The experiment included the application of 5 levels of fertilizer soluble (S0, S1, S2, S3, S4) (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2) kg /tree respectively, according to the Fertigation. The soluble fertilizers were added during three stages of the growth Plant, where the high phosphorus composition was used in the first phase (in mid-March), the balanced composition of the contract period and the beginning of fruit growth, the high potassium composition at the fruit growth stage, and the Foliar Application with a balanced compound of the microelements necessary with the concentration of the spray liquid (0.5 g /L ) According to different dates: one spray F1 (Before inflorescence appearance), twice spray applications F2 (Before inflorescence appearance and after fruit set) or three times in season F3 (Before inflorescence appearance, after fruit set and before one month of harvest date), in addition to the control without spraying F0, the experiment was designed in a way Split plots and three replicates per treatment. The results of the study showed that the response of olive trees(Kaisi cv.) was significant for soluble fertilizers and Foliar Application by Micronutrients compared to the control (without fertilization). The best treatment for productivity was (S3F2) fertilization (1.5 kg fertilizer / tree) and twice spray from Micronutrients to three spray from Micronutrients F3 in some specifications, Where productivity reached the first season (32.67 kg / tree) and in the second season (36.55 kg / tree) at the treatment (S3F3). The addition of (2 kg fertilizer soluble/ tree) and supported by two spray from Micronutrients gave the highest percentage of oil in the first and second seasons (20.94, and 21.87%) respectively.
Keywords: olive, solubility fertilizers, Fertigation, micro-elements, dates of foliar spray Kaisi cultivar.

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Al-Moutassem Bellah ALdaker* (1), Mansour Ahmad(1),
Hounada Alerksousi(1), Mohammad Amin(1), Ali Alhawarin(2), and GawadSharaf(2)

(1) General Commission for Scientific Agricultural, Animal Wealth Research
Administration
(2) Ura Station for Improving the Mountain Goats, Swidaa, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Al-Moutassem Bellah ALdaker E-Mail: aldakermb@gmail.com.).
Abstract
The present work was carried out at Ura station for improving the mountain Goats at Swidaa, Animal Wealth Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research to determine the normal levels of some biochemical blood parameters in the Jabali female goats during pregnancy to predict any nutrition or health disorders. Forty Jabali goats, similar in age and weight, were used. Monthly blood samples were taken during the pregnancy period, and hematocrit glucose, cholesterol, albumin, total protein, and urea levels were determined. Results indicated that the values of the studied parameters ranged between 20-42% for hematocrit and 35.8 to 96.3 mg/dl for glucose, 31.09 to 99.83 mg/dl for cholesterol, 2.63 to 6.20 g/dl for albumin, 5 to 9.90 g/dl in total protein, and 6.62 to 37.72 mg/dl for urea. Tables containing the means of the studied parameters’ concentrations with advancing age were made, in which any disorder, weather was health or nutrition-related reason could be predicted, consequently conducting the needed treatments
Keyword: Shami goat, blood parameters, biochemical parameters, pregnancy.

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Mahran Zeity ^(1)*, Majda Mouflh⁽²⁾, Rawa Youssef ⁽¹⁾

(1) Latakia Center for Scientific Agricultural Research, Boqua, Latakia

(2) General Commission for Scientific and Agricultural Research, (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Mahran Zeity. E-Mail: mzma2009@gmail.com)

Abstract

This study was carried out in the main areas of apple cultivation in Latakia Governorate during seasons 2017-2018, with the aim of investigating the phytophagous and predatory mites species associated with apple ecosystem. Six species of phytophagous mites belonging to three genera and three families were recorded, Panonychus ulmi, Tetranychus urticae, Amphitetranychus viennensis, Bryobia rubrioculus (family:Tetranychidae), Cenopalpus pulcher (family: Tenuipalpidae) and rust apple eriophyid mites, Aculus schlechtendali (family: Eriophyidae). This study was the first record of A. viennensis on apples, as it was previously recorded on peaches from Syria. Predatory mites were belong to three families, Phytoseiidae, Stigmatidae and Anystidae. Some species have been identified up to the level of the species as in the Typhlodromus pyri and Zetzellia mali and this is new record of this species Z. mali from Syria, while some species, Anystis sp. belong to the family, Anystidae (first record of this family from Syria), Phytoseius sp. and Typhlodromus sp. (family, Phytoseiidae) have only been able to reach the genus level and further studies are needed.

Key words: Tetranychidae, Tenuipalpidae, Phytoseiidae, Apple.

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Razan Hallak (1)* and Naim al-Husien1
(1) General Commission of Scientific Agriculture Center of Aleppo, GCSAR, Aleppo, Syria.
(*corresponding author: Razan Halak. E-mail : razanhalla@gmail.com)
Abstract
Awassi sheep are one of the most important breeds of sheep in the world and are characterized by high productivity in both meat and milk. So, for the importance of defining the profile for this race, the objective of this study was to identify new functionally annotated SSR markers assigned to specific chromosome regions and to ensure their accuracy and specificity by In-silico PCR. This study was carried out in the biotechnology division of Aleppo Research Center in 2019, whole genomic sequences of Awassi race (Ovis aries Awassi) have been in-silico analyzed starting from blasting them with sheep reference genome in order to define their specific loci, then comparing them to protein databases to specify their functional annotations, and mining all SSRs from all studied sequences. The study identified genetic loci for 95.9% of the studied sequences, functionally annotated the genomic sequences, and identified the loci of SSRs associated with functional proteins. 15,696 sequences were functionally annotated and assigned to specific genes, the result showed that 962 SSRs are related to genes and associated with unique and specific geneti loci, while, 524 functional SSR without association, and 61,824 SSRs with specific loci without any relation to Known genes, 53,214 functional sequences with specific genetic loci were defined without any SSRs which may be an important source of other markers, Finally, primers where designed in this study for 382 SSR linked to a functional protein with specific loci, the results of In-Silico PCR showed that 196 specialized primers gave a single amplification, which can be laboratory tested on races and species before being adopted as markers of required genes used in breeding programs.
Keywords: Sheep, Awassi, Genome, functional annotation, Bioinformatics.

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Abo Al Alaa Zarka (1) , Nadine Mohamed Asaad (1), and Tayseer Fouad Hatem (2)
(1) . Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia, Ciano Research Station, Syria,
(2) . Department of Economic Studies Research, Damascus, Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Abo Al Alaa Zarka. E-Mail: dralaazarka81@gmail.com.
Abstract:
The research aimed to study the impact of organizational structure characteristics and participation in the decision-making process on the performance of workers in the Ugarit commercial facility (natural juice and soft drinks company). To achieve this goal, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to a stratified random sample of (150) employees. (134) valid questionnaires (89%) were recovered. After conducting the necessary statistical analysis, the research reached the following results: There is a statistically significant effect (α = 0.05) on the characteristics of the organizational structure, and participation in the decision-making process on the performance of workers in the Ugarit business.There is a statistically significant effect of some personal variables (gender, educational level, number of years of experience) on the performance of workers, while the age variable did not affect statistically significant. It was recommended that management should make every effort to continue the continuous improvement of its organizational structure, with the aim of improving the performance of its employees, by encouraging individual initiatives and suggestions, and holding regular meetings and seminars between departments. To reconsider the management philosophy in terms of delegating part of the powers and following the open-door policy
keywords: Organizational structure, decision making, worker performance, company structure

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Hussain Almahasneh^*(1) and Jamal Saleh⁽¹⁾

(1) Plant Resources Department, ACSAD, P.O, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Hussain Almahasneh. E-Mail: hussain_1974h@hotmail.com)

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted in Izraa Research Station- ACSAD, during the growing seasons (2018/2019), in order to evaluate the performance of two wheat cultivars (ACSAD-1133 and ACSAD-1229) under conservation agriculture (CA) compared with conventional tillage system (CT) in rotation with chickpea crop and without crop rotation. The experiment was laid out using a randomized complete block design with split plots arrangement in four replicates. The results showed significant differences (P<0.05) overall studied traits, the mean value of grain yield was highest under CA-system (4530 kg/ha) compared with CT system (3904 kg/ha), and under the application of crop rotation (4333 kg/ha) compared with no crop rotation (4102 kg/ha). The mean value of grain yield was significantly higher in the cultivar of durum wheat ACSAD1229 (4349 kg/ha) compared with bread wheat cultivar ACSAD1133 (4086 kg/ha). The statistical analysis results indicated significant differences in water use efficiency (WUE) among conservation and traditional cultivation systems, where the CA-system surpassed in WUE (12.79 kg/mm rainfall/season) over the CT-system (11.02 kg/mm rainfall/season), the mean gross income and net income higher under CA-system (838050, 728050 SP respectively) compared to CT-system (722240, 587240 SP respectively), with reduction percentage in the cost of cultivation (20%). Application of CA-system recorded a significant increase in soil content of organic matter, mineral nitrogen, and available phosphorus (1.240 %, 11.67 mg/kg soil, 21.79mg/kg soil respectively) compared with CT-system (1.182 %, 10.47 mg/kg soil, 19.35mg/kg soil respectively). These results confirm the importance of the application CA-system as a complete package in order to have CA-application benefits which had useful effects in improving wheat productivity under rainfed conditions and improving soil chemical properties.

Keywords: Wheat, Conservation agriculture (CA), Conventional tillage (CT),Grain yield, Soil properties.

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Fadi Abbas*⁽¹⁾ Thamer AlHunish⁽²⁾ Entessar Al-Jbawi ⁽³⁾Manal Osman⁽²⁾

• Scientific Agriculture Research Center of Homs, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria.
• Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR).
• Ministry of Agrarian Reform, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr.Fadi Abbas. E-Mail: fadiab77@gmail.com)

Abstract

Lab and field experiments were conducted at Homs Agriculture Research Station, during 2019. In the lab experiment, PEG₆₀₀₀ was applied to the germination medium with low osmotic potentials (OP) i.e. 0, -2, -4, -6, -8 and -10 bar. In the field experiment, the varieties were subjected to water stress (no irrigation during the growing season) in addition to the irrigated control. Those experiments aimed to screen the quinoa varieties based on the relative drought tolerance indexes (RDTI), and to assess the response of some growth and yield indicators to drought in the field. The lab trial was designed according to the completely randomized design (CRD) with six replicates while Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) which arranged according to split plot design was used for the field experiment with three replicates. The lab experiment results showed variation between the varieties regarding the response to the application of PEG6000 in the medium. The two varieties NSL106398 and Giza1 achieved the highest rates in germination percent and speed, with significant differences compared to other varieties.  The drought tolerance indexes were studied to determine the differences between the varieties and the previous two varieties were considered drought tolerant at the germination stage, where they achieved the highest values with significant differences compared to other varieties (Titicaca, Q26,  and Red Carina) which considered drought sensitive. In the field experiment, the time required for physiological maturity decreased  significantly, and the effect of water stress on plant height was also negatively observed,  so the two varieties NSL106398 and Giza1 achieved the lowest rates (7.69, 7.08%) respectively, with significant differences compare to the other varieties which decreased by 17.70 to 22.82%. In term of grain yield, the same two varieties NSL106398 and Giza1 achieved the lowest rates of decline (16.19, 14.75%) respectively, with significant differences compare to the other varieties (Titicaca, Red Carina ,  and Q26) which decreased by (46.18, 39.34, 35.28%) respectively.

Key words: Water stress, PEG₆₀₀₀, Relative drought tolerance  index, Grain yield,  Quinoa.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Saleh Saleh^(1)*,Abdullah Al-Yousef^(1),M.Shafik Hakim^(2),Ahmad Shams Aldien Shaaban⁽³⁾

(1)General Community for Scientific Agriculture Research, Aleppo Research Center, Aleppo, Syria.

(2) Field Crop Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(3) Faculty of Technical Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

)*Corresponding author: Saleh Saleh, Email:  Salehalsaleh989@gmail.com(

Abstract

The Research was conducted at western of Al Sfireh city site belonged to Agriculture Scientific Research Center of Aleppo, during 2015/2016 & 2016/2017 cropping seasons, The study aimed to evaluation behavior some grain yield traits of barley genotypes using diallel cross, therefore, the performance of seven barley genotypes. Three of them locals: Arabi Aswad (P1), Arabi Abyad (P2) & Furat 3 (P3), and four  introduced: Alanda-01 (P4), Rihan-03 (P5), Arizona (P6) & Avit (P7) and there half di-allel  hybrids. In the first season (2015/2016) the parent genotypes were planted at the end of November, and 10 spikes from each parental genotype were serialized and pollinated in one direction to obtain each hybrids group) half di-allel   Crosse). So, 21 hybrids were obtained. In the second season (2016/2017) F0 and parental seeds were planted and estimated to the following traits spike length cm,  number of grain / spike, grain weight / spike, ,  fertile tillering/plant. The results were analyzed using the computer program Genstat 12. The hybridization efficiency  based on the mid parent and best parent and the tester cultivar, the general and specific combining ability, and general heredity were estimated. The study of hybrid vigor showed the influence of significantly and highly  significantly hybrid vigor hybrid vigor in some hybrids for all studied trai.  The general combining ability (GCA)  study showed that the parent genotype P1 has a high GCA for traits of number of fertile tillers / plant, number of grains per spike The parental genotype P3 for the traits earliness and the number of fertile tillers / plant , spike length  and of 1000 kernel weight.  This means that these parental genotypes have the largest number of genes with additive  effects which play a significant role in the heredity of the above mentioned traits .  There were significant and highly  significant  values for the specific combining ability ( SCA) in several hybrids groups including groups resulting from parents have highly GSC   such as group (p1*p3) for earliness traits and number of fertile tillers / plant and spike length and number grain per spike . and the genetic interaction in these groups form the ( additive x additive) type  .Therefore these groups are considered as promising hybrids and it’s useful to select these  hybrids and to follow them in the next segregating generations because the low genetic segregations. The heritability were high for the most studied traits which indicated to the importance of the total genetic variability  in the inheritance of these traits .

Keyword: Diallel, Heterosis, Combining Ability, Heritability, Producti, Traits, Barley.

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