Ali Hamdi ^*(1) and Sabiha Ahmed ⁽¹⁾

(1). Researcher in the Department of Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.

(*Corrsponding author: Ali Hamdi. E-Mail: aliahahalsafar@yahoo.com)

Received: 22/08/2021                Accepted: 11/03/2022

Abstract: 

This research was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Food Sciences, University of Mosul arabic, and it aim to study the physical   properties of Arabic gum powder it . The results showed that it  pH value of Arabic gum 5.1,  density was 1.013 g/cm³, specific weight was  1.027, refractive index was  1.033, and viscosity was 9.63 centipoise, From this study, the effect of temperature was on the viscosity of gum arabic observed., The highest viscosity reached 9.63 cp at temperatures of 24 °C and it decreased to 6.96 cp  at temperatures of 80 °C, also the viscosity increased at pH 8 and it  decreased at pH 2. The functional properties of Arabic gum were studied , it  found tha,t the swelling percent of Arabic gum was 22.3%, and the solubility Was 39% at 25cº  and it increased to100% at 85 °C. while there is no’t gellin in Arabic gum.       

Key words: Arabic gum, swelling, viscosity, solubility.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohammed Dosh Aldaemes^(1)*

(1). Researcher in the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research – Head of Food Technology Division- Hama Center.

(*Corrsponding author: Dr. Mohammed Aldaemes. E-Mail: maldaames@yahoo.com)

Received: 22/09/2021                                 Accepted: 1/03/2022

Abstract: 

The aim of search was to investigate the presence of field fungi and storage fungi on Syrian wheat hard and soft, stored in the concrete silos for two consecutive years, collected (control samples) during purchases immediately after the harvest of the 2012 season in Center Silos of Kalet-Almdek Hama, sorted by the category of second degree hard wheat (S2/2) and Second Degree Soft Wheat (S4/2), stored separately in a large cell 1,200-ton, studied the colonies Alternaria and Fusarium from the field fungal and the colonies of Aspergillus and Penicillium from the fungal stores. The results showed a decrease in the number of colonies of field fungal Alternaria from183.67 to 9.17 and Fusarium from2.26 to 0.9 CFU/g for hard wheat, as soft wheat Alternaria from 2.24 to 1.27 and Fusarium from 2.27 to 0.92 CFU/g, with significant differences in continuing storage operations during the first six months, and then stabilizing during the last 18 months of storage. The study also recorded increased by significant differences the number of fungal colonies stored on Aspergillus hard wheat (1.27 to 2.78) CFU/g and Penicillium from1.04 to 2.62 CFU/g, as on soft wheat Aspergillus from 1.26 to 2.79 CFU/g and Penicillium from 1.03 to 2.63 CFU/g, with a significant differences between them in increase of Aspergillus in grains stored in concrete silos from June 2012 to June 2014, significant increase their number in the last six months of storage for both hard and soft wheat.

Keywords: fungal, wheat, storage conditions.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ali Abbas Ahmed Al-Arami*

*Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine – Dhamar University – Yemen

alaramiali@gmail.com

Abstract:

This experiment was used in the experiments unit of the College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine – Dhamar University to use the addition of yeast to broiler diets, 135 chicks of one-day-old sexed Ross strain, and a random treatment using the complete random design, and each treatment contained three replicates of 15 chicks for each replicae , where T1 was the control treatment and the treatments T2, T3 with the addition of yeast at 0.5%, 1% respectively. The experimental birds were given free feed and water and the live weight, consumed feed and feed conversion factor were measured While there were no significant differences between the control and the first treatment. The results of the experiment showed that the live weight (gm) was significantly (P ≥ 0.05) higher in the treatment fed on diets containing 0.5% yeast than in the control treatment, while there were no significant differences between the control treatment and the treatment fed on diets containing 1% yeast. The feed consumed (gm) did not show any significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) between the treatments, but the control treatment had more feed consumption than the treatments to which yeast was added, and this was reflected in the feed conversion efficiency (gm for feed/gm of meat), which was significantly better (gm). P ≥ 0.05) for chickens fed on diets containing 1% yeast than the rest of the treatments, which amounted to 1.79 gm feed / g meat: It is concluded from the study that the addition of dry yeast to the diets of the broiler houses led to an improvement in the production performance compared to the control, especially at the level of 0.5% dry yeast without harmful effects on the chicks.

Key words: production performance, yeast, live weight, broilers

Full paper in arabic: pdf

 Ahmed A. Al-Salhi * ⁽¹⁾, Sabah M. Al-Shatty ⁽²⁾ , and Mohammad A.Elsagheer ⁽³⁾

(1)  Depart. of Animal Production, College of Agriculture and Marshes, University of Thi-Qar ,Iraq.

(2) Depart. of Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq.

(3)Animal and Poultry production department, Faculty of agriculture, Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt

(*Corresponding author:   Dr.Ahmed Ali Kadhem Al-Salhi , E-mail: ahmed.a.k.alsalhi@gmail.com).

Received: 22/07/2022         Accepted: 25/10/2022

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted in the poultry field of the department of Animal Production at the College of Agriculture at Basrah University for the period from 25/3/2021 to 28/4/2021, in which 450 broiler chicks, Ross 308 strain, one day old and an average weight of 43 g/chick were used, Chicks were raised in a three-storey battery system, and each floor contains a cage of 1.5 x 1 m² dimension. Chicks were randomly distributed to 10 experimental treatments, with 45 chicks for each treatment. One treatment included three replicates (15 chicks/duplicate), including the transactions, T1: Negative control coefficient (a basal diet without supplement). T2: Positive control treatment, adding dried skim milk at a level of (1)g/L drinking water. T3, T4, T5: adding the Manufactured Bacterial Preparation at a level (0.5, 1,2) g/kg feed, respectively. T6, T7, T8: adding the Manufactured Bacterial Preparation at a level (0.5, 1,2) g/L drinking water, respectively. T9: adding the Manufactured Bacterial Preparation at a level of (0.5) g/kg feed, and (0.5) g/L drinking water. T10: adding the Manufactured Bacterial Preparation at a level (1)g/kg feed, and (1)g/L drinking water. The results indicated that there is a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the logarithmic indicators of coliform bacteria with a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the numbers of lactic acid bacteria in favor of the processed bacterial culture treatments compared to the two control treatments.

Keywords: Lactic Acid Bacteria, Lactobacillus, Microbial Count, chicken intestines.

Full paper in English: pdf

Camillia Halabi ^(1)*, Foaud Slman ⁽¹⁾, Ali Sultana ⁽¹⁾, Ahmad Kara Ali ⁽²⁾

(1) Department of Food Sciences , Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University , Lattakia, Syria.

(2) Marine Chemistry – Higher Institute for Marine Research, Tishreen University – Lattakia – Syria.

(*Corresponding Author: Camillia Halabi, Email: Camilliaha5@gmail.com)

Received: 12/09/2021                Accepted: 10/01/2022

Abstract:

The study aimed to determine the effect of adding thyme powder with two different concentrations (0.4 and 0.7%) on some chemical, microbial and sensory characteristics of laboratory-made cheese. This research was conducted in the Department of Food Sciences – Faculty of Agriculture – Tishreen University, during the months of March and April of this year. As the cheese was manufactured in the laboratory from pasteurized cow’s milk at a temperature of 72 °C for a period of 15 seconds by following the well-known traditional methods with the addition of thyme powder to the cheese curd after filtering and in proportions (0.4, 0.7)% of the weight of the curd, the samples of processed cheese were kept at a temperature of 4 °C for a period of 28 A day where microbial, chemical and sensory tests were conducted on the samples, where it was found that adding thyme powder to cheese reduced the amount of soluble and volatile nitrogen, and also decreased the total number and number of fungi and yeasts, compared to the control cheese samples, and it is clear from the results obtained that adding thyme powder improved the Some chemical, microbial and sensory properties compared with the control.

Key words: soft cheese, thyme powder, chemical quality, microbial quality, sensory quality, sensory tests.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Shurooq Abdullah Najim^(1)*, Hussain Ali Mahdi⁽²⁾, and Dawod Salman Hamid⁽²⁾

(1)Department of Ecology, College of  Science , University of Basrah , Iraq.

(2) Plant protection department, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq.

(*corresponding author: Dr. shurooq Najim, E-mail: shurooq.najim@uobasrah.edu.iq)

Received: 4/04/2021                Accepted: 4/09/2022

Abstract:

The ladybirds which belonging to a family Coccinellidae are important predators that feed on insects, especially some agricultural pests .In view of the importance of these types of predators, the current research was conducted as a comprehensive survey for different regions of  Basra province, the samples were collected using sweeping nets and hand collection from the wetland environment (East Hammar Marsh), desert lands (Safwan and Zubair) and agricultural areas (Shatt Al-Arab and Abu Al-Khasib), during the period from  1^st.  January   to 1^st.  June, 2021. During the study period, 6 species of ladybirds were recorded, belonging to 6 genera and from different plant families, the frequency rate of the species was as follows: Coccinella septempunctata,; Coccinella novemnotata,; Coccinella undecimpunctata,; Hippodamia tredecimpunctata,; Stethorus spp.; Harmonia spp. The host plant of each species of insects; main preys and environmental conditions (temperature; relative humidity) for each station of study were recorded.

Keywords: Ladybird, predators, Coccinella, Stethorus, Harmonia, Basrah, Iraq.

Full paper in English: pdf

Sinan Sleman*⁽¹⁾, and Nabil AboKaf ⁽²⁾

 (1) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2) Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Sinan Sleman. E-Mail: sinansleman21@gmail.com )

Received: 8/09/2021                Accepted: 31/01/2022

Abstract:

   Red gum lerp psyllid Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, 1964 (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) is one of the most serious pests of several species of Eucalyptus, especially Eucalyptus camaludensis the most widespread species in Syria. This study was carried out in 2020 in Agricultural scientific research Centre in Lattakia – Syria, to estimate biological parameters, longevity of different stages and fecundity of psyllid adults in laboratory conditions. Biological parameters were analyzed according to the theory of Age-stage two-sex life table. The values of intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite increase of rate (λ), and net reproductive rate (R_o) were (0.047 day^-1, 1.04 day^-1, 5.43 offspring/individual) respectively. Generation time (T) was (35.98 day).  longevity of psyllid (29.65 ± 0.09 day).  Adult Longevity of females and males were (14 ± 0.31 day, 11.63 ± 0.15 day) respectively. Sex ratio (1 : 1.7) female : male.

Keywords: Red gum lerp psyllid, Glycaspis brimblecombei, Eucalyptus, life tables, Syria.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ziad Aleisa^(1)*

(1) biocontrol lab, cotton administration research, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ziad Al-eisa,  E-Mail:  ziadissa989@gmail.com)

Received:30/07/2021          Accepted:21/11/2021

Abstract:

Elm considered as deciduous tree which is planted in gardens and on banks of roads, there is many pests attack this tree, one of the most important pest is elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), symptom of infection were observed in Aleppo city gardens’, and by collecting the samples and observing infected trees, it was the cause of this infection is a beetle from coleoptera order and threw taxonomic reference and morphological characters of insect and typical symptoms on infected trees all these data lead that the pest is an elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola, and the biology of this insect was studied by periodic collecting of samples from infected trees, and it was found that the insect had three generation per year during 2018and 2019 seasons, and during periodic collecting of samples for biology studying, some eggs were infected by parasitoids on third generation of insect eggs and from taxonomic reference and morphological characters of parasitoids and parasitoid stage it was found that the parasitoid is Oomyzus gallerucae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), which constitutes a distinct addition in integrated pest management.

Keyword: elm, elm leaf beetle, insect biology, egg parasitoid, chrysomelidae, Eulophidae.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Reem Hamdan*⁽¹⁾, Imad Ismail ^(2), and Ensaf Akel ⁽³⁾

(1) General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(2) Tishreen university, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of plan protection.

(3) Lattakia Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Reem Hamdan. E-Mail: hamdanreem958@gmail.com).

Received:    10/09/2021                   Accepted: 17/11/2021

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) infection on some growth parameters of several Capsicum hybrids grown under protected cultivation conditions along the Syrian coast. Four Capsicum hybrids were used in the study: 2 spicy (Lahab and Sirad) and 2 non-spicy (Nevada and Dallas) cultivars. The study was carried out during the growing 2020-2021 season in a plastic house at the Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Lattakia, where the complete random design was followed, with 8 treatments and three replications, with 5 plants per replication. Statistical analysis showed that the sweet hybrids (Nevada and Dallas) were more sensitive to infection by the virus compared with hot hybrids (Lahab and Sirad). The reduction in foliage fresh weight of the hybrids Nevada, Dallas, Cirad and Lahab was 17.97, 54.99, 5.36, 35.00 %, respectively, and reduction in root fresh weight of infected plants of 69.01, 68.65, 26.71, 61.87 %, respectively. TYLCV virus infection also contributed to a decline in the quality and quantity of fruits, as the highest rate of fruit loss of 70.21% was recorded for the Dallas hybrid, and the lowest 36.74% for the Nevada hybrid.

Keywords: Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, pepper, hybrids,growth parameter, protected Agriculture.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Qutiaba Hassoud^(1)*

(1) Department of plan protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Qutiaba hassoud, Email. qutiabah111@gmail.com).

Received:21/11/2021          Accepted17/07/2021

Abstract:

The investigation was carried out during 2020 – 2021  at the laboratories of plant protection in Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University. The efficacy of fungicide / nematicid pesticides (fluopyram: pyridinyl ethylbenzaimide) and  (imicyafos:organophosphate), Also, The efficacy of ethanol extracts of Inula viscos L., Tagetes patula L. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (leaves) was assayed against Juveniles Meloidogyne  incognita (J2) in laboratory. Results showed that fluopyram superiority significantly in killing the M. incognita (J2) compare with Nemakick at all concentration. Where, the LC₅₀ for fluopyram and Nemakick (27.34 and  50.4 mg/L.) after 48 hours, respectively. In the other side, results showed that ethanol extract of  I. viscos superiority significantly in killing the M. incognita (J2) compare with T. patula  and E. camaldulensis (leaves)at all concentration. Where, the LC₅₀ for of I. viscos ., T. patula . and E. camaldulensis 374.51, 857.47 and  1007.42 mg/L. after 48 hours, respectively. The results revealed that the tested compounds and plant extracts were highly toxic to M.  incognita  (J2) after 48 hours than 24 hours from incubation. In addition, the results showed that the toxic of tested compounds increased with increase concentrations. Finally, results of assay of tested compounds indicate that fluopyram and imicyafos and plant extracts of I. viscos and T. patula potential nematicidal activity agonist M.  incognita .

Keywords:, Nematode, Pesticides, Meloidogyne incognita , plant extracts.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf