Majd Namaa ^(1)*

(1). Agriculture Economics., Fac. Agri, Tishreen Univ., Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Majd Namaa, E-mail:  mjd.namaa.90@gmail.com).

Received:28/12/2021                         Accepted:14/02/2022

Abstract: 

The aim of the research is to compare the traditional predictive models using the multiple regression model, the (ARIMA) model and the neural network model in terms of the predictive ability of tobacco crop production in Lattakia Governorate using some statistical criteria as the mean of the errors of the estimated model and the average differences between the real values ​​and the expected values ​​for each model. The research relied on the data of the annual agricultural statistical group for data on production, productivity, and cultivated area during the period (1991-2019) in addition to data on temperature and annual precipitation, where agricultural production was adopted as a dependent variable (production year, cultivated area, average annual temperature, and average rainfall annual) as independent variables. The stepwise multiple regression method was used to estimate the regression model, the Expert Modeler method was used to estimate the ARIMA model, and the multi-layered module (Perceptron MLP) was used to build the neural network model and test its accuracy, as 23 years of data were used in the training phase. at a rate of (79.3)%, and 6 years for the testing phase with a rate of (20.7%).The results of the research showed the superiority of the neural network model over the regression model and the (ARIMA) model in terms of predictive ability using the mean squares of errors criterion for the estimated model and the criterion of the average differences between real and expected values, where the mean squared error was (1.66) using the neural network model versus (4.47) Using the regression model and (36.123) using the (ARIMA) model, and the average difference between the real and expected values ​​using the neural network was (1426.48) versus (1451.16) for the regression model and (1623.73) for the (ARIMA) model.

key words: production, tobacco, ARIMA, multilayer neural network.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Reeman Shaleesh ^(1)*, Mohammed Al Abdullah ⁽²⁾, and Fayez Al Mekdad⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Agricultural Economics. General commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Reeman Shaleesh, E-mail:  remanshalish@yahoo.com).

    Received:6/09/2021                Accepted:16/02/2022

Abstract: 

The aim of the research is to study the impact of the personal and social characteristics of agricultural extension agents on the quality of planning the extension program for citrus and to identify the obstacles faced by the agricultural extension agents during the implementation of the extension program for citrus in the Syrian coast, in addition to providing appropriate solutions to confront these obstacles from the point of view of the agricultural extension agents.  To achieve the objectives of the research, data was collected from a sample of 40 extension workers working in the selected extension units in the governorates of Lattakia and Tartous during the year 2017, where two administrative regions were selected in Lattakia (Latakia Markaz-Jableh), and an administrative region in Tartous.  The study showed that the most factors affecting the quality of planning the extension program for citrus are the age of the agricultural extension, experience in the extension work, the level of implementation, the level of training, as the probability of the presence of the extension program at the low level of the quality of the program planning increases the less the age of the extension, and the level of implementation of the extension. Agricultural extension activities, and experience in extension work.  The agricultural guide who has a low and medium level of training in the field of citrus cultivation and agricultural extension programs is more likely to be in the low and medium level of planning quality compared to the agricultural guide who has a high level of training in the field of citrus cultivation and agricultural extension programs. The results also showed that the most important obstacles. The lack of incentives for the extension workers, the many extension work assigned to the extension, the lack of transportation for the extension agents, the lack of extension work requirements.

Keywords: Extension Program, Citrus, Syrian Coast.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Siham Abdelwhab Alamin Mohammed (1) *

(1). College of Animal Production Science and Technology, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum State, Sudan.
(*Corresponding author: Dr. Siham Mohammed, E-mail: sihamlmn666@gmail.com).

Received:17/01/2021                   Accepted:11/02/2022

Abstract: 

This study was conducted in the College of Animal Production Science and Technology, Sudan University of Science and Technology to evaluate the mineral concentration Calcium of (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn)) in camel (Camelus dromedarius), beef and sheep meat (mutton) (longissimus muscle) from the different carcass of young animals. The study showed that mineral contents in camel meat were significantly higher (P< 0.01) in comparison with that in beef and sheep meat. Calcium concentration was apparently high significant (P< 0.01) difference among camel meat, beef, and, sheep meat. Camel (Camelus dromedarius) meat had a high concentration of Calcium (Ca) (10.5mg/100g) compared to beef (6.0mg/100g) and sheep meat (8.0 mg/100g). Phosphorous (P) content in camel meat and sheep meat were wash in comparison with that of beef (209, 205 ,and 167mg/100g), respectively. Als,o camel meat and sheep meat contained higher cconcentrations magnesium compared to beef (31, 28 and 25mg/100g), respectively. While the concentration of sodium in camel meat increased(117mg/100g) compared to sheep meat (72 mg/100g) (28) and beef (65 mg/100g) 25mg/100g. Potassium (K) content in camel meat hasa high concentration (380 mg/100g) compared to beef (358 mg/100g) and sheep meat (365 mg/100g). Concentrations of copper (Cu) in camel meat, beef and sheep meat were (0.4; 0.2,6 and 0.24 mg/100g), respectively. Ferrous (Fe) level revealed high significant difference (P< 0.01) between camel meat, beef and sheep meat. Ferrous content in camel meat showed higher levels (4.58 mg/100g) followed by sheep meat (3.78 mg/100g) and beef (2.8 mg/100g). And zinc (Zn) showed significant (P< 0.05) difference between camel meat, beef and sheep meat. It showed high concentrations level in camel meat (5.3 mg/100g) compared to beef (4.58 mg/100g) and sheep meat (4.0 mg/100g).
Keywords: minerals, camel meat, beef, sheep meat.

Full paper in English: pdf

Izdihar Ammar^(1)*, Hadeel Arraj⁽¹⁾, Fadia dib⁽²⁾, and Izzat Arabia⁽¹⁾

(1). High Institute of Marine Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Agricultural Research Center, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:. Izdihar Ammar E-Mail: izdiammar@gmail.com)

Received:22/12/2021                         Accepted:9/03/2022

Abstract: 

The current status of the invasive alien marine benthic species was evaluated in several locations of the coast of Lattakia and Jableh during the years 2019, 2020 and 2021 using the horizontal scanning of the benthic communities of phyto and zoobenthos in the littoral area IN addition to  study their specific composition in the fishing yield in the deeper areas up to a depth of 700m. The presence of more than 118 alien species of marine invertebrates, most of them Lessepsians, was recorded, constituting 15.73% of the species found in the Syrian coast, the number of invasive species of which was 44 species, or 37.29%. Most of these species have become endemic to the Syrian marine environment and are widespread. Twenty of these invasive species have been placed on the black list of invasive species, and the presence of 22 species of alien algae and seaweed was recorded, the number of invasive species of which reached 8, with a rate of 36.36%, most of the species recorded for the first time during this study from tropical waters from The Gulf of Mexico and the eastern coasts of the Atlantic Ocean, which is reflected in marine biodiversity.

Keywords: climatic changes, Eastern Mediterranean, invasive alien species, lessepsian species.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohamed Baker Alabd Alwahed *⁽¹⁾, Oula Kaso ⁽¹⁾, Thamer Alhenish ⁽¹⁾, Zainab Tadbeer ⁽¹⁾, and Khaled ALshreda ⁽¹⁾

(1). Crops Research Administration, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Eng. Mohamed Baker Alabd Alwahed. E-Mail: Baker963949351833@gmail.com).

Received:2/09/2021                         Accepted:8/03/2022

Abstract: 

Twelve genotypes of Durum Wheat (Triticum durum L.) were tasted in four locations in zone B, during the 2019-2020 season to evaluate  these genotypes and study the Genotype × Environments interactions, and stability performance across environments using statistical measures of stability: {(X¯_i), (b_i), (S²d_i) according to Eberhart and Russell (1966), Stability Variance Index (σ²_i) according to Wricke and Weber (1980) (Shukla), Ecovalance Stability Index (W_i) according to Wirckle (1962), Coefficient of Determination (r²_i) according to Pinthus (1973), and Coefficient of Variation (C.V) according to Francis}. The experiment was designed using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, statistical data analysis was done, and least significant difference (L.S.D) test at 5% was applied for comparison of means, and showed significant mean squares due to genotypes (G), and genotypes × environments interaction (E×G), which reveals the importance of stability analysis for grain yield. Stability analysis for grain yield revealed that; both varieties (Bohouth 7, Douma 1) were more stable than other genotypes in the first environmental area. Due to they had superior ranks for both average yield over environments and yield stability. While the variety (Douma 3) showed tolerance and stability in drought conditions. Which reveals the importance of these varieties that combine relatively high yield and better stability in any future breeding programs.

Keywords: Durum wheat, Genotype by Environment Interactions, Yield Stability, Coefficient of Determination.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Abdulwahid Saif ^(1)*, Aref Al-Shamiri ⁽¹⁾ , Mansour  Alsaghier ⁽²⁾, and Rafik Al-sharabi ⁽¹⁾

(1). Northern high land Research Station-Sana’a,Yemen

(2). Central high land Research Station- Dhamar, Yemen

(*Corresponding author:   Abdulwahid A Saif, Email: Amozaid@yahoo.com) 

Received:5/07/2022          Accepted:11/09/2022

Abstract: 

Five wheat mutants (T. aestivum L.) were induced from the Sonalika variety in addition to the untreated variety which was used as a control. The mutants were planted in the Shibam region-Yemen- in the period 18-22 / 6 of 2013 and 2014 under irrigation conditions. Seeds were exposed to irradiation with 250 GY in the Seibersdorf laboratory in Vienna. Evaluation and selection were performed in mutant populations. Results showed that a significant difference between mutants each other in one hand and between mutants and the control in the other hand for grain yield, 1000 kernel weight, length of the spike, number of grains per spike, number of days to heading and maturity, at the same time, a variation was observed in the severity of disease within the planted mutants. A positive correlation was found between yield, spike length and number of grains per spike, while negative correlation between yield, number of days to flowering and maturity, whereas a positive correlation was noticed between spike length and number of grains per spike. Weight of 1000 kernel weight was negatively correlated with the length of spike and number of grains per spike, and the grain yield was positively correlated with the level of resistance of mutant to yellow rust disease. The Erra-008-Sw-4-17 mutant was the highest in the number of grains per spike (47 grain), thousand kernel weight (45gm) and attained the highest yield 3940 kg /ha. accompanied with more resistance to yellow rust disease 7MR, followed by the Erra-008–11-40 and Erra-008-Sw-17-68 mutants in terms of average yield, number of seeds per spike, thousand kernel weight, and severity of disease which were 23MS and 23MS respectively. The untreated variety was the lowest in yield, a number of grains per spike, and thousand kernel weight registered 2795 kg/ ha, 38 kernels, and 38 gm, respectively. The highest incidence of yellow rust disease was recorded 30 S for untreated control.

Keywords: Evaluation and selection, Wheat mutants, Resistant to yellow rust, Gamma irradiation.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Venus Hasan^*(1) , Ali Elkhateeb⁽¹⁾ and Hasan Khojah⁽²⁾

(1). General Commission Agriculture Scientific Research, Lattakia Syria.

(2). Horticulture Department, Agriculture College, Tishreen University, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Venus Hasan. E-Mail: venushasan80@gmail.com).

Received: 28/12 /2021                Accepted: 23/02/2022

Abstract: 

The study was conducted during the 2019-2020 season at the Scientific Agricultural Research Center in Lattakia, the aim is to determine the best storage method for pollen grains of two citrus rootstocks, sour orange, and Cleopatra mandarine, and test their vitality and ability to germinate for use in hybridization programs throughout the flowering season. The flower buds were picked in the balloon stage and divided into two parts. flower buds and anthers, three storage methods were tested, 4°C, -20°C, and for three periods of 7, 15 and 30 days, then viability and germination tests were conducted in each storage stage, Germination was studied laboratory temperatures (20 ± 2) C, and incubator temperature (24 ± 2) C. and on three culture media, distilled water, sucrose solution 15%, sucrose solution 30%, The result was that pollen gives the highest percentage of germination immediately after picking and the best way to store pollen is to store pollen at low temperature, the method of storing the anthers was significantly superior to storing the buds at the cold temperature, the temperature of-20°C was superior to 4 °C, and the dye gave an idea of the vitality of the pollen, but did not express its ability to germinate.

Keywords: pollen, storage, vitality, sour orange, Cleopatra mandarin.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ola Kajo * ⁽¹⁾

(1).           Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. ola Kaajo, .Email: olakajo0932@yahoo.com).  

Received: 29/12 /2021                Accepted: 7/03/2022

Abstract: 

   This research was conducted in the Al-Ghab area to study the effect of mother corm size on the growth of a saffron plant, stigma yield, and production of new daughter corms during two growing seasons 2018 and 2019. Three different sizes of diameter corns (3-3.5 ±0.25 Cm, 2-2.5 ±0.25 Cm, and 1-1.5 ±0.25 cm) were tested and the experiment was carried out as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that mother corm size has a significant effect on some vegetative growth parameters and stigma yield. Both the number of shoots and leaves/corm were significantly higher in the large corms with a diameter (3-3.5 ±0.25 Cm) compared with those small with a diameter (1-1.5 ±0.25 Cm). In contrast, no significant differences were found in the leaf length between the large and small corms. Significant differences were found in the number of flowers/corm and length and dry weight of stigma between the large mother corms and both medium and small corms. A positive correlation has been shown between the size of the mother corm planted and the number, diameter, and weight of the daughter corms produced.

Keywords: saffron, corms size, stigma productivity, reproduction coefficient.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Hanan jnad ^*(1), Georges makhoul ⁽¹⁾, Abd-Alaziz boeissa ⁽¹⁾, and   Ali Elkhateeb⁽²⁾

(1). Agriculture College, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). General Commission Agriculture Scientific Research, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Hanan jnad.Email: hgalaxy7@gmail.com)  

Received: 29/12 /2021                Accepted: 7/03/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out in two successive seasons in private Citrus orchard to study the effect of different sources of organic fertilizers and spraying with citric acid on some characteristics of vegetative growth and the content of leaves of total chlorophyll and iron element of Clementine mandarin trees grafted on Sour Orange and planted in calcareous soil, and the age of trees 17 years planted at a distance 5 m. The following treatments were used: mineral fertilizer, Compost(organic fertilizer of plant origin) Poultry manure and Cow manure(organic fertilizer of animal origin), Humic compounds. The added quantities were determined on the basis of the standardization of the effective nitrogen ratio(1000 g/effective N/tree).Spraying with Citric acid at a concentration of (1g/L) was used. the results showed the superiority of treatments mineral fertilization and poultry manure in the percentage increase of tree canopy volume(20.92- 20.63)% compared to the other studied treatments while poultry manure treatment superior in the average leaf area (24.26 cm²). treatments of poultry manure and mineral fertilization (control) were recorded the hights content of dry matter in leaf(42.25-42.17%) respectively.as an average for both seasons. And for the leaves content of total chlorophyll and iron element, the treatment of poultry manure in both indicators was superior compared to the studied fertilization treatments as an average for both seasons (2.123 mg/g fresh weight-113.1 ppm) respectively. with regard to spraying with citric acid, the results indicated that the treatments sprayed with the acid were significantly superior to treatments that were not treated with the acid in most of the studied indicators.

Keywords: Clementine, Citric acid, poultry manure, Compost, Humic compounds, Cow manure.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Myssaa Hatoom*⁽¹⁾, Abed Alhakim Azizieh⁽¹⁾, and Rawaa Tlay⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Myssaa Hatoom, E-Mail: myssaa11690@gmail.com,)

Received: 30/11 /2021                  Accepted: 23/02/2022

Abstract: 

This research was conducted at the Food Science department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University from April to October of 2020.  The lyophilization method was applied to process orange juice powder after adding of Maltodextrin as an anticaking agent to concentrated orange juice by concentration (25, 30, 35, and 40) %. The results showed that the powder processed by adding of Maltodextrin by concentration (40%), was better than other treatments whence of reducing the percentage of total moisture (4.353%) and color index (a, b, BI, C, and h) (-5.236, 18.057, 33.162%, 18.953 and -73.967) respectively and increasing of (L) index (78.517). An increasing percentage of total ash, total soluble solids and value of pH to (2.954%, 13.673 Brix, and 3.804) respectively. Increasing content of total sugar, vitamin C, total phenols, anthocyanin, total flavonoids, and total carotene (64.166 g/ 100g dry weight, 6.517 mg/ 100g dry weight, 42.802 mg equivalent Gallic acid/ 100g dry weight, 1.240 mg/ 100g dry weight, 15.027 mg equivalent quercetin/ 100g dry weight and 11.902 g/ 100g dry weight) respectively. The highest Antioxidants Activity by (DPPH and FRAP) (59.108 and 67.403) % respectively. While the powder processed by adding of Maltodextrin by concentration (25%), was better than other treatments whence of titrated acidity content (8.891 g/ 100g measured as Citric acid dry weight).

Keywords: orange juice Powder, Maltodextrin, Lyophilization, Quality Indicators, Biologicals activity compounds.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf