Ola Merhej ^(1*)

(1). General Organization of Remote Sensing, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ola Merhej. E-Mail: olamerhej@gmail.com).

Received: 21/05/2021                Accepted:19/02/2022

Abstract: 

In this study, the application of four spectral indices (BAIS2, GEMI, NDVI, NBR) derived from sentinel 2 to map the burned areas for the Cedar-Fir Protected area was evaluated. Although the study area is considered as natural reserve, which is located in the top of coastal mountains (Slinfeh) in Syria, it was exposed to a large fire in the Fall of 2020. We used two Sentinel 2A images acquired before and after the fire on September 4 and October 22 2020. The studied Post-fire indices showed a similar spatial distribution for the burned area, with a preference for BIAS2 index. BIAS2 and dBAIS2 gave the best coefficient of variation value, which ​​reached 40%. On the other hand, BIAS2 and dBAIS2 also recorded the highest values ​​of Separation Index (more than 1). All indices which calculated from the difference between the before and after fire images gave higher values ​​of the SI, as calculating the difference reduces errors in the classification of burned areas. The BIAS2 index takes advantage of the spectral bands in the Red Edge range provided by Sentinel 2A data and provides an important tool for accurately mapping fire in the Cedar-Fir protected area.

Keywords: Burned Area Indices.; Cedar- Fir Protected Area; Forest Fires; Sentinel 2A; Separation Index.

Full paper in English: pdf

Abbas Jabbar Muhammad*⁽¹⁾ and Najla Gabr Muhammed ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Soil and Water Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basra, Basra, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Abbas Jabbar Muhammad, E-mail: abbasjm2000@gmail.com.)

Received: 13/08/2022                        Accept:14/02/2022

Abstract: 

The agricultural experiment was carried out in the shadow of the Faculty of Agriculture/Basra University during the agricultural season (2020) using 5 kg plastic containers according to the complete random design and three duplicates per level with the aim of studying the impact of chloride levels in irrigation water on the vocabulary of wheat plant growth, three levels of chloride were used, the first level C1 (140) mg l^-1, the second level C2 (325) mg l^-1, the third level C3 (710) mg l^-1. The results showed that the use of irrigation water with increasing levels of chloride led to a clear reduction in the dry weight production rate of the vegetable part of the wheat plant and an average (13.18, 12.02 and 10.81) gm pot^-1, when chloride levels rise from (140) to (325 and 710) mgl^-1, control to its lowest significant value of 0.91% at C3, while the percentage of magnesium increased from 0.35% for the control to 0.63% at C1, and the percentage of chloride from 0.53% for the control to 2.31% at C3. While the ratios of potassium and sodium did not show any significant differences and a decrease in the ratio of potassium to sodium, Calcium and potassium absorption decreased and chloride absorption increased significantly, while magnesium and sodium did not show any significant differences compared to the control.

Keywords: chloride level, irrigation water, uptake, element concentration, wheat.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Shaza Asaad^{* (1)}

(1). Department of Agricultural Mechanization, Faculty of Technical Engineering, Tartous University, Syria

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Shaza Asaad. E.mail: shazaasaad44@gmail.com.).

Received: 19/11/2021         Accepted: 4/02/2022 

Abstract: 

The experiment was conducted in the Agricultural Research center in Tartous on potato”Spunta” in spring  during(2014-2015) to investigate the effect of olive mill waste water (OMWW) was added in different levels of field capacity on the moisture tensile curves and on some quantitative, qualitative characteristics of potato tubers in heavy clay soil. The experiment included 6 treatments as control (without OMWW), and five rates of OMWW (12.5,25,50,75,100%) of field capacity. Plots were completely randomized over the experimental area with three replicates for each treatment. Each replicate contained/ 40/ plants. Results showed that the soil moisture content decreased when the pulling moisture increased. And when we increasing the addition rates of olive mill wastewater,th e soil moisture content at the same pulling moisture increased. Treatment M4 gave a moisture content (50%) at depth (0-20 cm)and at moisture tensile(1.93), while the moisture content was (45%) of the treatment M2  and at the same moisture tensile. Treatment M2 gave a moisture content (47%) at depth (20-40 cm)and at moia sture tensile(2.10), while the moisture content was(50%) at treatment M5 and at the same moisture tensile. The results showed as well, that different levels of adding  olive mill waste water increased  growth   ,  yield and specific characteristics  of potato  tuber( percentage of dry matter, starch and protein)     compared to the  control. M4 treatment gave the highest value of plant height (36cm), unit yield area (3047.25 kg/ donom) compared to control. While M2 increased significantly and gave the highest value of percentage of dry matter(20.66%), starch (14.35%) and protein(7.5%) compared to  control. where the correlation relationship between level  adding of olive mill waste water and potato production showed that the best level of addition is 55% of field capacity , Where the production was increased about 31.06% comparison with  the control, and this increase is not different significantly from the addition 18% , so we can simply add olive mill waste water by 18% of field capacity for this type of soils.

Key word: Olive mill waste water, moisture tensile curves, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of tuber. 

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

 Hasan Alaa-Aldein ⁽¹⁾, Talal Amin ⁽¹⁾, and Razan Soliman⁽¹⁾ *

(1). Department of Environment and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Razan Soliman. E-Mail: razanslieman359@gmail.com).

Received: 7/12/2021           Accepted: 25/02/2022

Abstract: 

The study was conducted in 2019 in Al-Hinnadi Nursery in order to find out the response of young carob plants at one and three months of age to increasing concentrations of olive mill wastewater (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). A completely randomized block design was used in the study. Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium ratios in leaves were studied; also some vegetative and root system characteristics were studied. Results showed that most plants treated with concentrations 50, 75, and 100% died at the age of one month; while only the concentration 100% caused death at the age of three months. Little effect of different concentrations was detected in macro elements ratios in plant leaves. The lower concentration (25%) did not affect the length of the vegetative part, root length, or dried weight.  Higher concentrations (50 and 75%) cause a significant decrease in the length of the vegetative part and roots compared to the control treatment. Overall results indicate the possibility of irrigating the carob seedlings in the first month of age with olive mill wastewater at a concentration of 25% without any possible negative effects.

Keywords: Olive mill wastewater, Carob, Macroelements, implants, vegetative and root system.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Joud Mahnaya ^(1)*, Nada Altonji ⁽¹⁾, Muhammad Manhal Alzoubi1⁽²⁾ , and Abdulghani Alkhaldi ⁽³⁾

(1). College of Technical Engineering, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(3). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author: Joud Mahnaya. E-mail: joud.mhanaya@gmail.com).

Received: 10/06/2021                          Accepted: 9/02/2022

Abstract: 

Soil pollution is considered one of the most important current risks due to the transmission of pollution to plants and crops, especially its contamination with heavy metals due to its cumulative effect and lack of decomposition. Especially in agricultural soils that are irrigated with untreated sewage water, after a water treatment plant was sabotaged. Sewage in Aleppo These areas have become irrigated by that water. The aim of this research is to study the extent of the pollution of agricultural soil with some heavy metals (lead, Pb, cadmium, Cd, nickel, Ni, chromium, Cr) in the side of the wastewater treatment plant water stream. Soil samples were collected near the destroyed treatment plant in the city of Aleppo, towards the village of Al-Wadhihi, and from 20 sites, at two depths of (0-25 cm) and (25-50 cm) in  both summer and winter seasons 2020, and chemical and physical analyzes of soil were performed, and Some heavy metals (Cr – Cd – Pb- Ni) were also estimated in the laboratories of the General Commision for Scientific Agricultural Research or the College of Technical Engineering at Aleppo University. The results of the analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between the studied sites in the concentrations of heavy metals, the concentration of lead (Pb) ranged between (160.4-37.4 ppm) in the summer, and in the winter it ranged between (154.5-28.89 ppm), while the cadmium element Cd was It ranged between (1.09-0.43 ppm) in the summer, and it ranged between (0.555-0.3 ppm) in the winter, the chrome Cr ranged between (226.9-24.3 ppm) in the summer, and in winter it ranged between (142.99-42.84 ppm), element The concentration of nickel in the summer was between (187.5-97.5 ppm), and in the winter (209.5-97.5 ppm), and all the concentrations of these elements were within the permissible limits according to the World Health Organization.

Keywords: Soil pollution, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ahmed Hawas Abdullah Anees^(1)* and  Yosif Abdalhameed Al-Hajooj⁽¹⁾

(1). College of Agriculture, University of Tikrit, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Ahmed Anees. E-Mail: Ahmed75hawas@tu.edu.iq ).

Received: 28/04/2022                          Accepted: 6/09/2022

Abstract: 

The aim of this study is to compare 10 oat genotypes (1-Alguda ,2- Anatolia ,3-Pimula ،4-Genzania ،  5-Hamel, 6- Icarda short,  7- Kangaroo, 8- Icarda tall , 9- Mitika and 10- Possum) under the influence of different water quality (well, river and fish breeding tanks waste) and number of irrigations 2, 4 and 6 times, and their binary and triple interactions in characteristics of days to flowering (day), flag leaf area (cm²), plant height (cm),  effective tillers number (m²), number of grains per panicle, 1000 grains weight (g), and grain yield (ton ha^-1). The experiment was conducted at the Department of Field Crops Research Station – College of Agriculture- Tikrit University during the agricultural season of 2017-2018. The design was randomized complete block (RCBD) in three replicates with a split- split- plot arrangement. The water quality factor occupied the main plots, irrigations number occupied the sub plots and the genotypes occupied the sub sub plots. The obtained results and analysis of the variance table showed, factors and their double and triple interactions were significant for all studies’ characteristics except for the water quality and its interaction with irrigations number and the irrigation numbers with genotypes and triple interaction for the characteristic of days to flowering, effective tillers number and 1000 grains weight, also irrigations number and interaction between water equality and genotype for days to flowering. On one hand, the genotype (3) was superior when it interacted with well water and with Six irrigations on the other hand. In addition to the triple interaction which was significant for effective tillers number and grain yield (113.7, 113.4, and 134.3 tillers m^-2) and (4.1, 4.2, and 5.0 ton ha^-1) respectively, and the genotype (5) for binary and the same triple interactions for panicle grains number (58.6, 67.1 and 73.9 grain panicle^-1), respectively. And also, the genotype (1) for binary and the same triple interactions for 1000 grains weight (34.7, 34.5, and 73.9 g), respectively. Therefore, the outcomes of this study must be taken into the consideration in order to determine the response of these entries to the factors of the study and to emphasize testing them with other factors in addition to different seasons and locations, to know the extent of its production capacity to reach distinct and promising varieties in the future.

Keywords: Oats varieties (entries), irrigation water quality, number of irrigations.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Nizar Harba ⁽¹⁾, Muhammad Nael Khattab^{( 1)}, Marine Al-Salama^(1)*

(1). Department Of Field Crops, Faculty Of Agriculture, Tishreen- University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author: Marine Al-Salama. E-mail: marinlsalama89@gmail.com).

Received: 28/03/2021                          Accepted: 21/02/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out on the campus of Tishreen University during the agricultural season 2020 AD, according to the design of randomized complete sectors (RCBD) and with three replications in order to study the most important phenological, morphological and productive characteristics of some genotypes of spring chickpea, which are (210C, 324C, 322C, 257C, 154C), obtained by The Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Damascus, and some genetic indicators of the studied traits were estimated to select the best ones and benefit from them in the programs of breeding and improving this crop to develop varieties of chickpeas for the desired traits and adapted to the environment and local conditions. The 322C model outperformed all the studied primroses (92.66 days), and the 324C model was distinguished over all the cultivars in terms of plant height (56.55 cm), number of leaves (49.99), and harvest index (33.15%). In addition, the 210C is distinguished on all models by the characteristics of the number of main branches (2.55) and the number of pods / plant (15.55 centuries). The 257C model was distinguished on all models by the characteristics of seed weight per plant (10.08 g), weight of 100 seeds (31.02 g), productivity (1656.1 kg / ha), and biological yield (4999.21 kg / ha), and the characteristic of productivity kg / h was strongly positively correlated. Significantly with biological yield traits (r = 0.97**) and seed weight per plant (r = 0.96**), they were associated with relatively high degrees of heritability and thus the possibility of selection for yield trait through selection for the aforementioned traits.

Key words: spring chickpea, degree of heritability, genetic progression, correlation coefficient.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Sahar Laftah^(1)* and Sundus abdu alkariem al-Abdulla ⁽¹⁾

(1). Crops department, Faculty of agriculture, Basrah University, Iraq.

(*Corresponding Author: Sahar Laftah. E-mail: saharkalaflaftah@gmail.com).

Received: 12/08/2022                          Accepted: 9/10/2022

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out in Agriculture College farm / Basra University – Karmat Ali location(30° 57ʹ N lat.,47° 80ʹ long ), on silty loam soil during the winter growing season 2021-2022 to studying the effect of three rates of phosphate fertilizer(0, 60 and 120 kg P/ ha) and spraying with four concentrations of humic acid (0, 6, 12 and 18 g/ l) and the interaction between them on yield component and seed yield of Safflower cultivar Gila .The experiment was factorial in R.C.B.D design with three replicate. The results showed a significant effect of adding phosphate fertilizer with the rate of  120 kg P/ ha which gave the highest averages in most of the study characteristics, the highest seed yield, petals yield their averages were 3.911 M ha , 11.12 gm/ plant .The effect of spraying with humic acid at a concentration of 12 g/ l  was significant and produced the highest averages of seed  yield , dry yield of petals and amounted to 4.031 Mg/ ha and 12.12 gm/ plant respectively .The results showed a significant effect of the interaction .Rate of phosphate fertilizer 120 kg P/ ha with 12 g/ l of humic acid produced the highest seed yield, dry petals yield reached 4.753 µg / ha, 13.67 gm/ plant respectively.

Key words: Safflower, Phosphor, Humic acid, petals yield, Biological yield

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Mohamed Nael Khattab⁽¹⁾ , Ola N.Kajo⁽¹⁾, and  Dina Aragawi^(1)*    

(1). Department Of Field Crops, Faculty Of Agriculture,  Tishreen- University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author Dina Aragawi. E-mail: angeltawfik999@gmail.com).

Received: 30/09/2021                          Accepted: 11/03/2022

Abstract: 

This research was carried out in the coastal region (Demsarkho village of of ​​Lattakia district) and in the laboratories of the Faculty of Agriculture – Tishreen University during 2021 season, for five varieties of Sunflower Helianthus annus L. (variety 90 – variety 19 – variety 9 – local variety – variety 54), which were taken from the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), it was cultivated according to randomized completely block design with three replicates. With the aim of estimating some genetic indicators of growth, productivity  and qualities characteristics to determine the important trait or traits for effective selection to be used in breeding programs. Baladi variety which is a local adapted variety, was characterized by maturity characteristics of maturity (87.97 days), productivity (1699.62 kg / h), oil ratio (42.94%) and weight of 100 seeds (9.45 g). The variety9 has the number of leaves (71.73 leaves) and the number of seeds in the head (447.97 seeds), the length of the plant (92.65 cm). The correlation coefficient between yield and seed weight in the head was positive and highly significant (0.86 **) and this gives the possibility of selection for productivity through the selection of seed weight in the head and can be used as selection index. We propose to continue evaluating (variety9 and local variety) for several years and in more than one geographical location for their distinction between the models studied in many traits.

Keywords: sunflower, heritability,genetic advance,correlation.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Moataz Eliw Mostafa Ahmed ^{(1) *} and  Hala Mohamed Ali Shehata ⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, P.O. Box 71524 Egypt.

(2). Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Egypt.

(*Corresponding Author:Dr. Moataz Ahmed. E-mail: moatazeliw@azhar.edu.eg).

Received: 28/11/2021                          Accepted: 14/02/2022

Abstract: 

This research aimed to study the production, consumption and export capacity of the green beans crop in Egypt, which are cultivated area, total production, Domestic consumption, the quantity and value of exports during the period (2000-2019), besides identify the economic variables that affect the exported quantity of green beans, in addition to identifying the impact of the policies of State intervention in the fields of production, consumption, and government revenue, and its impact on the economic well-being of society. Other objectives include determining the causes of price imbalances, estimating the value of subsidies received by green beans producers and consumers or taxes imposed on producers, and evaluating the impact of government intervention policies on bean production. green and its consumption, on government revenue. The research also applied econometric analysis by building a simultaneous equations model in order to measure the interactions and overlaps between the study variables using the three-stage least squares method. The results showed that the amount of exports of the green bean crop during the period (2000-2019) ranged between a minimum It amounted to about 5,829 thousand tons in 2002, and a maximum of about 49,673 thousand tons in 2008, with an annual average of about 25,123 thousand tons, while the value of exports of the green bean crop ranged between a minimum of about 1.9 million dollars in 2001 and a maximum of about 63.6 million dollars in 2010, while the average value of exports amounted to about 30.77 million dollars. The results also showed that the average net economic product loss for the green bean crop amounted to about 15.27 million dollars, where the economic loss in production reached its maximum value in 2004 with a value of about 57.92 million dollars At the same time, the implicit taxes imposed on the product reached a maximum value of about 93.5%, and vice versa. In 2019, the economic loss and implicit taxes reached the lowest value. With a value of $1.89 million, or about 60.5%, during the study period.

Keywords: Partial Equilibrium Model, Agricultural Policy, Green Beans Crop, Egypt.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf