Alaa Al-Hafee^*(1), Ghiath A. Alloush⁽²⁾, and Saleh Qoubailie⁽³⁾

(1). Directorate of Rural Development, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lattakia, Syria.

(3). Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding Author: Alaa Al-Hafee, alaaafee@gmail.com).

Received:  14/03/2022                    Accepted: 21/04/2022

Abstract: 

A filed experiment was conducted using a complete randomized block design at Jableh-Bustan saleh seasons 2018-2019. The aim was to evaluate the effect of increasing application rates of nitrogen fertilizer as urea (46% N) (N: 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg N/ha) and potassium humate (H: 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 kg H/ha) on growth components and N uptake of bread wheat (triticum aestivum sp. Sham 10). The number of tillers and distribution between fertile and non-fertile, main and tiller stems height, spike length, and straw yield were recorded. N concentration in straw was determined, and N uptake was calculated. The results of statistical analysis showed a significant effect of nitrogen application on number of tellers, plant height, and spike length. The production of hay was increased from 3.73 ton/ha in the control (N0) to 14.77, 20.46, and 25 ton/ha with increased N application from 100, 200, 300 kg N/ha respectively. There was no increase in hay production with application of 400 kg N/ha. The application of humate alone (2.5, 5, and 10 kg/ha) led to a gradual increase in hay yield (from 3.73 in H0 treatment to 7.33, 8.5, and 10.66 ton/ha, respectively), and N removal (from 31 to 78, 95, and 125 kg N/ha, respectively). The results also showed an improvement of N treatment up to 300 kg N/ha with 2.5 kg H/ha over those treatments with N application alone in growth parameters, hay yield, and N removal by hay. Increasing application of humate to 5 and 10 kg/ha didn’t show any significant effects on growth parameters or hay yield.

Key Words: Soft wheat, Sham 10, Nitrogen fertilizer, Humate, Growth Trait, N uptake.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ghadeer Al-Houshi^{* (1)}, Mohamad AbdalAziz ⁽¹⁾ and Hussam  Khelassi⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University Lattakia, Syria.

(2). Directorate of Agriculture in Latakia, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ghadeer Al-Houshi, E-mail: Ghadeerrafikalhoushi@gmail.com).

Received: 24/01/2022         Accepted: 21/04/2022

Abstract: 

 A field experiment was conducted in the village of Jiebol in the countryside of Jableh city during the agricultural season 2021/2022, to study the effect of adding nitrogen fertilizer (urea 46%) at a rate of 0, 100 and 200 kg/ha, and potassium sulfate fertilizer at a rate of 0 and 100 kg/ha and the interaction between them in some Growth characteristics of  Eruca sativa Mill.plant, the experiment was designed as a factorial experiment carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications, and the comparison between the means was done using the least significant difference test LSD at the level of significance of 5%. The results showed a significant effect of nitrogen fertilization on all studied characteristics, and the average 200 kg/ha achieved the highest plant height (83.00 cm), highest number of branches on the plant(6), highest number of leaves on the plant(21.50), highest leaf area(64.85 cm²), highest wet weight(68.00 g) and dry weight(10.50 g). The results also showed a significant effect of potassium sulfate fertilization in most of the studied characteristics, adding 100 kg/ha led to a significant increase in plant height (78.66 cm), number of leaves on the plant (15.66),wet weight(52.05 g) and dry weight of the plant(8.40 g). The interaction between nitrogen and potassium fertilization had a significant effect on all studied characteristics, as the interaction 200 kg/ha urea and 100 kg/ha potassium sulfate achieved the largest rates in all studied characteristics.

Key words: Rocket, Fertilization, Nitrogen, Potassium, Growth.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Reem Al Mansour^(1)*

(1). Homs Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Reem Al Mansour, E-Mail: reemalmansour2@yahoo.com)

Received: 25/01/2022         Accepted: 18/04/2022

Abstract: 

 A field experiment was conducted at Homs Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research to evaluate many genotypes of maize included inbred lines of Maize (IL-197, IL-90, IL-29, IL-200, IL-339, IL-239, and their produced crosses and Check variety Ghota 82 under and full irrigation and drought stress conditions applied at tasselling with randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results showed that all the studied characters were affected negatively and significantly under drought stress comparable with full irrigation conditions. All the studied traits (ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per a ear, number of kernals per a row, 100 kernal weight, grain yield) decreased by 15.14%, 10.99%, 13.48%, 26.66%, 13.09% and 54.41%, respectively for the inbred lines, and 19.64% , 13.12% , 15.63% , 22.70% , 14.95% , 46.18%, respectively for the other genotypes. Some genotypes showed superiority in both conditions in many traits like (P1, P2, P6, P4, P2×P4, P3×P4, P2×P3, P1×P2, P1×P4, P2×P5). Hence it can be used in plant breeding programs for drought stress and treat the produced crosses in productivity efficiency trails.

key words: Maize, drought stress, grain yield.  

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ahmed Al-Ali Al-Khalaf ^(1)*

(1). Raqqa Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research,Syria.
(*Corresponding author: Ahmed Al-Ali Al-Khalaf, E-Mail: dr.ahmadelkhalf@gmail.com,).

Received: 20/12/2021            Accepted: 21/04/2022

Abstract: 

The research was carried out at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Raqqa during the 2021 agricultural season, to study the effect of planting dates and plant density on some traits of roselle crop. Four planting dates (April 15, April 30, May 15 and May 30) and four plant densities (4, 8, 12 and 16) plants/m2 were used, according to a split plot design with three replications.  The following characteristics were studied: plant height (cm), number of leaves/plant, stem diameter (cm), number of fruits/plant, yield of dry sepals (g/plant) and harvest index %.  The results showed that there were significant differences for the effect of planting date and plant density on all studied traits at the 5% level, and the interaction between them did not show any significant effect on the studied traits.  The planting date of 30th April  was superior compare the other studied dates in terms of stem diameter with an average of 2.7 cm, and it produced the largest number of fruits per plant (73.8) with an increase of 2.0 and 8.5  And 17.6% compared to the planting dates of April 15, May 15 and May 30, as well as the superiority in the productivity of dry sepals leaves (36.3) g/plant, with an increase of 7.4, 26.2 and 38.6%, respectively.  The plant density of 4 plants/m² recorded superiority in stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, number of fruits per plant, and harvest index with an average of 3.0 cm, 316.5,  132.1 and 2.1%, respectively.  The plant density of 8 plants m² achieved an increase in the weight of dry sepals 62.1 g/plant and the harvest index 2.0%, while the plant density of 16 plants/ m² achieved an increase in the average plant height of 183 cm.  The study suggests planting roselle on April 30, with a plant density of 8 plants/m² to obtain the highest weight of dry sepals under the current study conditions.

Keywords: planting date, plant density, roselle.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Naji M. Zaid*⁽¹⁾, Amin A. Al-hakeme⁽²⁾ and  Aba alwahd Saif ⁽¹⁾

(1). Agricultural Research Extension Authority, Northern Highlands Sana’a, Yemen.

(2). Department of Agriculture Sana’a University, Yemen.

(*Corresponding author: Naji M. Zaid,  E-Mail :  n.zied2014@gmail.com).

Received 3/02/2022       Accepted 26/10/2022

Abstract: 

The study was conducted in Agricultural Research$ Extension Authority, Northern Highlands Sana’a Yemen during 2015-2016.Two fenugreek Genotypes YG4oo16 and YG40054 were used in this study and it’s dry seeds were subjected to different doses of gamma-rays 200 and 250 Gray and different concentration of Colchicine and Hydroxylamine0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 % mM and planted to obtain (M1) generation in 1/3/2015 and (M2) planted in 29/7/2015 spring season. 179 individual mutant plants were selected and grown in three re placations as primary experiment to evaluate the mutants and the promising lines were selected.Obtained result indicated that, the germination percentage of the treated seeds using Gamma-rays, Colchicine and Hydroxylamine shown a negative   relation with treatments, which decreased with increase in the dose of mutagenic treatments compared with the untreated (control) . Also, mutagenic treatment had stimulatory effect on plant height at 200Gy gamma-rays in both genotypes and at 0.01 percent concentration of Colchicine. Results also revealed that, two types of chlorophyll mutants were observed in flowering stages. Also results indicated that significant differences were recorded among the mutants for all characters studied in YG0016 and YG40054 mutant groups. Results obtained of composition analysis of fenugreek mutants revealed of existing variability among fenugreek mutants for chemical composition.

Key Words:  Gama-rays, Colchicine, Hydroxyl-Amin , Breeding, mutation, Fenugreek.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Abdulghani Alkhaldi^(1)* and Monier Alnabhan⁽²⁾

(1). Cotton Research Administration, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Center Hama for Agriculture scientific Research, GCSAR, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Abdulghani Alkhaldi. E-Mail abdulgh64@gmail.com)

Received: 19/10/2022              Accepted:1/05/2022

Abstract: 

Cotton crop is (Gossypium hirsutum L.) one of the most important strategic crops in Syria, because of its multiple uses, and the large size of the population is working in it directly or indirectly. The aim is evaluation of cotton variety Aleppo 124 (Which was approved in the year 2017) with Aleppo 33/1 variety under different fertilizer levels (F1 = +15% N from the fertilizer recommendation, F2 = the fertilizer recommendation, and F3 = -15% kg N/ha from the fertilizer recommendation) and two irrigation levels (I1 = 100% of the field capacity and I2 = 85% of the field capacity). Field experiment was carried out at Hama center for agriculture scientific research – General commission for agriculture scientific research 2018, heavy clay soil, three replications .It was designed according to split-split design. The results wear analyzed by Genstat 12 program.  Results of variance analysis (ANOVA) at significant level 5%, There are significant differences in nitrogen fertilization treatments, Cotton productivity increased 16% in the first treatment compared with the second treatment, and the productivity decreased 8% for the third treatment when compared to the second treatment. There were also no significant differences in productivity between the two irrigation treatments, the crop Productivity increased about 6.7%, for full irrigation (a virtual increase). The walnuts opening rate on 13 September for the Aleppo 124 variety was twice as much as that for Aleppo 33/1.  The first fertilization treatment chlorophyll exceeded the second treatment by about 16% and the third treatment by about 37%, and the second fertilization treatment over the third 18% .

Key words: Gossypium hirsutum L., Cotton, nitrogen fertilization, Aleppo 33/1 variety, Aleppo 124 variety, chlorophyll, water requirements.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Wael Habib ^*(1)

(1). Senior Researcher, Agricultural Research Centre in Lattakia, GCSAR, Syria.

(^*Corresponding Author: Dr. Wael Habib, E-Mail: wael.ha76@gmail.com).

Received: 23/11/2021         Accepted:18/04/2022

Abstract: 

This research aimed to analyze the nutritional gap of wheat in Syria in order to determine the characteristics of this gap and the trends of its development, and the extent to which it is affected by the Syrian crisis, that leads to the development of the appropriate predictive model. This study based on the time series data of the commodity balance and the food gap of wheat during the period (1961-2019), and ARIMA models were used to formulate the optimal prediction model compared to the traditional models.The results showed that there was an apparent gap in wheat self-sufficiency during the period of the Syrian crisis, which amounted to about 21%. The value of this gap during the study period was characterized by a great volatility, as the coefficient of variation increased to 367.5%, and most of the studied years witnessed a negative value of the gap (food deficit) amounting to a maximum of (-505.5) thousand dollars in 2013, while this gap decreased by achieving Positive values (food surplus) in some years with a maximum of (206.5) thousand dollars in 2007. As for the prediction process, it was found that there was no general statistically clear trend for the time series of the wheat gap in Syria using traditional models such as the method of Ordinary Least Squares, while the ARIMA (3,1,1) model was statically effective. This model gives expectations for a continued increase in the value of the wheat gap in Syria during the period (2020-2025), and indicates the need to take urgent measures by focusing on local wheat production, especially by increasing investments and reclaiming more agricultural land.

Keywords: Food Gap, wheat in Syria, Self-Sufficiency, Box-Jenkins Models, Time Series.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Shoukrea Khalaf ^*(1), Qusae Alomar ⁽²⁾,  Jalaa Qenber ⁽³⁾ and Waal Hoiedy ⁽⁴⁾

(1). Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Alfourat University, Al Hasakeh, Syria

(2). Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Alfurat University, Der Zour, Syria

(*Corresponding author^: Shoukrea Khalaf, Email:Shoukreakhalaf@gmail.com).

Received: 14/03/2022                    Accepted: 3/04/2023

Abstract: 

This research aims to highlights on rural women this category represent 50 % of population which we cannot invest in if  efforts have not been made to activate her rules and prepare the basic foundations for that , to allow them  reach human resources in general and agriculture resource in special , That need study of social factors which effect empowerment of rural women, Study of prevailing style used in governorate  for that  we prepare assessment tools to achieve  the study goals , the information collected randomly with 98 HH sample size, The data have been analyzed by SPSS -19 ,using description inductive methods  the result of this research shows : There is a positive relationship morale with significant of 0.01 between Husband education rural women empowerment, society participation, and the different range rules between Family members. The research concluded package of recommendation and   suggestion, the most important of which are:

– shedding light on the inherited customs and traditions that limit women’s enrollment in secondary schools and higher education. Creating appropriate conditions for women to join service-committees in the surrounding community.                                   

Key word:Empowering rural women Inferential, social Probability level, participation, Al Hasakah.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Qusay Hamid Al-Hamadany^*(1), Abd Alkareem Yesser ⁽¹⁾, Amir Abbas Mohamed⁽¹⁾ and Kadhim Hassan Younis ⁽¹⁾

(1).Dep.of Marine vertebrates, Marine Science Center, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Qusay Al-Hamadany E-Mail:qusayhamid@yahoo.com).

Received: 18/11/2022                    Accepted: 11/01/2023

Abstract: 

To determine the effects of feeding rate on the growth performance of Oreochromis niloticus, we conducted a 60-day experiment. We designed four feeding rates (1%, 3%, 5% and 7% bw/day). In this experiment, fish were distributed in 12 plastic tanks of 16 L capacity and average weight (1.16 ± 14.30) g, and fish were fed a diet containing 30.50% protein. The codes (T1, T2, T3, and T4) were given for feeding rates (1%, 3%, 5% and 7%), respectively. The results of the current study showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in the final weight, weight gain, specific and daily growth rate at different feeding levels, where the final weight rates were 19.71, 32.01, 29.71, 29.12 grams in feeding levels 1%, 3%, 5 %, 7% of body weight, respectively, and it was observed that the best growth rate was in the T2 treatment with a feeding rate of 3% and it was 16.23 grams, and the best food conversion rate was 2.16 and that was in the T2 treatment. Statistical analysis showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in feed conversion rates among the four feeding levels.

Key words: feeding rates, tilapia fish, plastic ponds, growth, food conversion.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Salih Hassan Al-Azzawi ⁽¹⁾and Abdulmuttaleb Hazim khaleel⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Animal Production،College of agriculture، University Diyala،،Iraq.

(*Corresponding author: Abdulmuttaleb khaleel E-mail: abdmtaleb85@gmail.com)

Received:15/12/2021                 Accepted:9/05/2022

Abstract: 

The heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene is important as it affects the heat endurance of animals through its participation in the protein folding process. The current study was conducted at the ruminant farm of the College of Agriculture at the University of Diyala. This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of a single polymorphism in the sequence encoding the heat shock gene HSP70 on some hematological and biochemical characteristics of Iraqi male goats. The DNA sample isolated from 15 male goats was amplified by PCR technique for the coding region on the HSP70 gene. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sequencing was used to detect the DNA sequence in which a site mutation (1528 C/T) was detected. Hematological characteristics (PCV bound cell volume, hemoglobin Hb concentration, RBC count, WBC count, MCV, mean hemoglobin in MCH and the mean amount of hemoglobin in the MCHC group) were also evaluated. and biochemical characteristics alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST). The results showed the presence of three genotypes CC, CT and TT with percentages (0.07, 0.40, 0.53), respectively, and the frequency of alleles C and T (0.27, 0.73 respectively) and in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. The animals were under severe heat stress and an increase in the number of respirations was noted And the afternoon rectal and skin temperature in animals with the genotype CC for the month of July and the number of respirations for the month of August in the afternoon, as it was noted a decrease in the number of red blood cells for the CT group in the afternoon for the month of July and a decrease in the aminotransferase enzyme (AST) for the CC group. The TT genotype was significantly superior to the red blood cell count in the afternoon, and a significant decrease in the aminotransferase enzyme (AST) of the CC group was observed in the morning measurement, but the afternoon measurement was the lowest TT group in this trait. As for the differences within the groups, most of them were significant for the studied traits.

Key words: HSP70, hematological, biochemical, goats

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf