Manal Madarati ^*(1) Mohammad Jamal Hamandosh⁽²⁾and Ahmad Aljouma ⁽¹⁾

(1). Cotton Research Department, General Commission for Scientifc Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Damascus, Syria.

(2). Department of Crops, Faculty of Agriculture Aleppo University, Syria.

 (*Corresponding author: Manal Madarati. Email: manalmadarati7@gmail.com)

Received: 20/05/2022            Accepted: 4/06/2022

Abstract: 

The experiment was conducted at Tal Hadya station in Aleppo, Cotton Research Department, during 2021 season. Sixteen genotypes were used with three replications under RCBD design. The aim of the research was to study the phenotypic, genetic and environmental variability, heritability, correlations. Genotypes were evaluated for early indicators and productive traits. The results showed a large variability within studied traits. The genetic and phenotypic variances were larger than environmental variance for all studies traits. The highest value of heritability was 98.95% for number of days to 50% flowering and high genetic advance 28.25. The results showed a very high positive significant correlation between earliness index and each of combined picking and day CPD and average boll weight. And between CPD index and each of sympodia branches number and average boll weight. There’s also a positive significant correlation between earliness index and each of CPD index and sympodia and total boll number. The genotypes 6, 3, 11, and 8 were the most early genotypes studied.

Key words : earliness indicators, Genotypes, cotton, genetic variation components, correlations.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Ziad Aleisa *^{(1) (2)}, Mohammad Nayef Alsalty⁽²⁾, Moneer Alnabhan⁽³⁾and  Ahmad Algomaa⁽¹⁾

(1). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, cotton research administration, Aleppo, Syria,

(2). Faculty of Agriculture, plant protection department, Aleppo university, Aleppo, Syria.

(3). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Hama center, Hama, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Ziad Aleisa. E-mail: ziadissa989@gmail.com).

Received9/04/2022            Accepted: 22/06/2022

Abstract: 

The effects of coating cotton’s seeds by suspension of  many isolates of useful microorganisms by two ways of seeds coating(chemical shaved / unshaved) on growth measurement of cotton variety Aleppo₁₁₈ had been studied, and development and density of whiteflies and cotton bollworms on cotton threw field experiment in Hemimah agricultural research station/Aleppo research center on 2019 season with three replicate for each treatment and the control, three isolates of Trichoderma harizianum (T_wood, T.L.C, T₉₅₀ ), tow isolates of Beauveria bassiana (GHA, K), two isolats of Bacillus subtilis (B.s, B._bacteria), isolate of Lecanicellium lecani(B), isolate of Aspergillus sp.(Asp) were used . Useful microorganisms were propagated then seeds coating operation were achieved. Seeds were planted on 15/5/2019, Many measurements have been taken like germination, productivity, density of whiteflies and cotton bollworm injury rates, and electrical conductivity of soil, organic matter, (NPK and Fe) available in soil. The results showed that  no significant differences in germination, number of bolls,  furrow productivity between treatments and control, whereas the strain treatments had a low densities of whiteflies’ nymphs /leaf (23.03-27.34 comparing with control 54.76), and coating with isolate GHA and B reduce from cotton bollworms rate (40.23 and 40% comparing with control 54.76%), and enhance availability of nutritious minerals studied, from the results have been noticed that coating cotton seed with useful microorganism enhanced cotton plant resistance toward whiteflies and cotton bollworm, improve its productivity, supporting integrated pest management programs for cottons’ insects.

Keywords: Enhance Plant Resistance, Useful Microorganism, Enhance Growth, Whiteflies, Cotton Bollworm.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Jamila Dirbas^(1)* , Ahmed Aljuoma⁽¹⁾ and  Saleh Almustafa⁽²⁾

(1). Cotton Research Administration, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Dier Azzour Center for Agricultural Scientific Research, Dier Azzour, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Jamila Dirbas. Email: jamila.dirbas@gmail.com)

Received: 1/03/2022           Accepted: 26/06/2022

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out at Jub Ramlah Station for Cotton Research during 2020 season according to randomized complete block design with three replications. The research aimed to evaluate fiber quality of brown cotton lines which resulted by crossing with island cotton (long-staple cotton). Results of ANOVA analysis showed high significant differences among studied characters (lint percentage, fiber length, fiber strength, fiber elongation and fiber fineness). This is a clear indication of the genetic variation among the tested genotypes. Compared to check variety (Aleppo 124), increasing rate reached %2.33 for lint percentage, %13.64 for fiber length (line 25/1), %37.05, %18.61 and %32.17 for fiber strength, fiber elongation and fiber fineness (line 25/2), respectively. The two lines 25/1 (light brown) and 25/2 (light brown) were distinguished by their high fiber quality so they must be tested in several environments to be utilized as varieties, and later used in breeding programs as well as the textile industry as naturally colored fibers.

Key words: brown cotton, upland cotton, fiber quality, intraspecific cross.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Yousef Khalaph ^(1)*,  M. Khaldon Dormish ⁽¹⁾ , M. Hossam Bahlawan ⁽¹⁾ and Wafaa Issa⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Soil and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(2). Department of Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Science, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Yousef Khalaph, E-mail: yosef_walid55@hotmail.com).

Received: 19/03/2022         Accepted: 6/06/2022

Abstract: 

A column experiment was carried out under the conditions of the laboratory of colloids and clay minerals at the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at the University of Aleppo, in order to know the effect caused by the magnetization of irrigation water on the chemical properties of soils irrigated with water of different salinity. The experiment was carried out on the Kskeis soil, located east of Aleppo city, and it was irrigated with three types of water of different salinity (Furat – Rasm Al-Hamis – Mishrifat Al-Zakiya). With irrigated water, the irrigation process was carried out with ten irrigations. The results indicated that the magnetization of showing off water reached its value, reached its value, reached its value, reached its value when magnetized. dS.m-1) was 4.05, while at the non-magnetized (dS.m-1) 3.7, the values ​​of the sorbent sodium rate SAR were affected by the accumulation of salts in the subsurface layer of the studied treatments included in the study. The values ​​of the rate of sodium adsorption SAR were also affected by the accumulation of salts in the subsurface layer of the studied treatments included in the study, and the magnetization of water contributed to the reduction of SAR values. 1.57, while it reached 1.93 in the same treatment irrigated with non-magnetized water.

Key words: magnetized water, electrical conductivity values, sodium sorbent rate.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Merfat T. Ben Mahmud ^(1)*

(1). Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Merfat T. Ben Mahmud, E-mail: dr.mbenmahmoud@yahoo.com).

Received:29/03/2022                       Accepted:2/06/2022

Abstract: 

This study was conducted in Wadi Elrabie (Tajoura) region, which is an agricultural area in Libya during the autumn agricultural season 2021. To find out the effect of biofertilization represented by Plant growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria PGPR, Azotobacter, Burkholderia, and Bacillus locally isolated from the soil of the study area with organic fertilizer OM (a mixture of poultry and sheep manure) on the availability of nutrients in the soil (nitrogen, phosphorous, Potassium) and the growth of potato cultivar Spunta. Where the results showed the superiority of the treatment of the mixture of the three types of bacteria and organic fertilizer in all the studied traits, as the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium was recorded as 64.5, 18.75 and 165.5 mg / kg soil, the average plant height was 76.1 cm, the number of aerial stems was 4, and the total production was 30.5 tons / hectare The concentration rates of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium also increased, as the treatment of a mixture of the three types of bacteria recorded the highest results, reaching 54.28, 16.35 and 149.74 mg/kg soil, plant height rate of 62.53 cm, number of stems 3.03 and total production of 22.48 tons/ha. Results The concentration of the elements increased with the addition of organic fertilizer and reached 61.47, 15.27 and 129.09 mg/kg soil, with a significant difference from the control treatment, which recorded the lowest results.

Keywords: Biofertilization, Plant Growth, Promoting Rhizobacteria, Organic  Fertilization, Potato Plant                     

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ghufran Hujaira^{* (1)}, Omiema Nasser ⁽¹⁾, and Nabila Kreidi ⁽²⁾

(1). Department of Environmental Protection, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author:Ghufran Hujaira, E-mail: dr.mbenmahmoud@yahoo.com).

Received:14/02/2022                       Accepted:26/05/2022

Abstract: 

In order to obtain pure isolates of atmospheric nitrogen-fixing Azospirillum bacteria from local soil, and testing their efficiency in the fixation process for use as a bio-fertilizer, ten bacterial strains were isolated from soil belonging to several sites in Hamima area in Aleppo governorate. Experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Research Center in Aleppo on the date of 2020, the effectiveness of these isolates was tested in fixing atmospheric nitrogen by inoculating them on nitrogen-free liquid environments, with a witness that was not inoculated with bacteria. The results showed the superiority of three isolates with atmospheric nitrogen fixation, where the percentage of atmospheric nitrogen fixation for the sixth, fourth and third three isolates, respectively, reached (12.4) (8.7) (6.2) mg N/g, while the characterization results showed that the sixth bacteria is Azospirillum brasilense, and the fourth is Azospirillum lipoferum, the third is Azospirillum amazonense.

Key words: nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Azospirillum, intimate soil, nitrogen.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ahmed M. Eed ^{* (1)}, and Abdullah H .A. Al-hajj ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Ibb University, Ibb Governorate, Republic of Yemen.

(*Corresponding author: Ahmed M. Eed, E-mail: ahmedeed72@gmail.com)

Received:24/09/2022                       Accepted:16/11/2022

Abstract: 

The research was conducted at Organic Yemen Corporation (OY) greenhouses, Sana’a, Yemen within 2020 with goal of propagation of Athel trees by using three types of stem cuttings i.e. basal (bottom), middle and terminal to determine the best rooting medium and cutting type for getting the greatest rooting percentage and the best rooty and vegetative growth of rooted cuttings. The research was carried out in two independent experiments (E1; direct planting of cuttings in sand and clay medium in polyethene bags & E2; planting of cuttings under plastic tunnel in perlite medium). The research was laid out with completely randomized design (CRD) to study some root and vegetative parameters after 60 days. The results in both experiments showed significant superiority of basal cutting (86.66%-80%) against terminal cutting in rooting percentage. No significant differences were observed in the first experiment (E1) regarding number of rooted and grown eyes, but they were differed significantly in the second experiment (E2).   The research proved easily probability of propagation of athel cuttings vegetatively without using rooting hormones via direct planting of cuttings in the polyethene bags with high success ratio.

Keywords: Athel, Rooting, Stem cutting, Plastic tunnel, Polyethene bags.

 Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Randa Almehrez * ⁽¹⁾ and Ali Zedan ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Tishreen, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Randa Almehrez . E-Mail:  randaalmehrez1@gmail.com )

Received: 2/12/2021           Accepted:7/06/2022

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out in the plant nursery of the Faculty of Agriculture at Tishreen University in 2018-2019 with the aim of studying the effect of foliar fertilization with extracts of three types of local prepared manure plus commercial foliar fertilizer, in securing sufficient level of iron in the tissues of tomato seedlings and comparing its effectiveness in compensating for its deficiency. The study was carried out using the cultivation technique in hydroponic sand cultures using plastic bags (5kg capacity) . The plants’ needs of nutrients were secured through watering with hoagland nutrient solution without iron (-Fe), and four treatments were applied to it, namely (Treatment A: bovine manure extract), (Treatment B: commercial turb extract), (treatment C: poultry extract), (treatment D: commercial foliar fertilizer named Amalgerol), with three replicates for each one. Three weeks after transplanting the seedlings and the beginning of appearing the symptoms of iron deficiency on the leaves of the plants, foliar fertilization with the extracts (spray solutions) started once every two weeks, for three times before harvest, according to the treatments. Colorful pictures were taken periodically to compare the results morphologically to be supported with the necessary chemical analyses. It was found that the plant had taken up its need of the iron element through foliar fertilization, and all the foliar spray treatments, according to their different sources, were able to raise up the level of iron to the limits of sufficiency in the foliar tissues. The values ​​of L.S.D(_0.05) for the differences between the average results of all treatments indicated that, the effects of these treatment sources in increasing the plant tissue content of iron were significant, whether in the leaves or the growing tops, and they were sufficient to cure iron deficiency on the leaves, noting the superiority of the effect of the treatment (C) of the poultry extract on the rest of other treatments and the commercial foliar fertilizer.

Key words:    iron, foliar fertilization, bovine manure extract, turb extract, poultry extract.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Daowd Al-Sayed ^(1)*

(1). General Commission for Scientific agriculture Research, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Daowd Alsayed. E-mail: daowd.alsed@gmail.com).

Received:  8/04/2022                   Accepted: 23/06/2022

Abstract: 

The addition of olive mill wastewater in large quantities causes damage to soil due to its high content of phenolic compounds, this research aims to reduce the amount of these compounds by biological treatment and test them on the Triticale plant. The olive wastewater was treated by adding biological additions before adding it to soil. A study was carried out for planting pots in the season 2020, and it was designed in a Randomized simple Complete Block by 7 treatments: control (T) (without adding wastewater), raw wastewater (OW), wastewater treated biologically by Penicillium sp (OWFP) and Aspergillus flavos (OWFA), wastewater treated by Bactria Pseudomonas sp (OWBP) and Bacillus sp (OWBB), wastewater treated by the both genus of fungi and bacteria (OW2F2B), in three replicates. The results showed that there were significant differences between all the biologically treated treatments compared to the control (T) in terms of the studied indicators. Apparently, all the biologically treated treatments were superior to the total nitrogen content in the soil, where the treatment (OWBB) reached (0.11)% over the control treatment (T), which amounted to (0.0867) without any differences between the treated treatments. (MWBP) treatment was significantly superior with (53.27 mg/kg) and the (OWFP) (OW2F2B) (OWFA) were reach (42.80), (43.84) and (47.17). For available potassium, the treatment (OWBP) was significantly superior to all treatments, reaching (730.3) mg/kg.

Key words: Olive-mill waste water, biological treatment, fungi, bacteria, mineral content N, P, K, microorganisms in soil.

Full paper in Arabic:  pdf

Haider Hasan⁽¹⁾, Ghiath Alloush^(2)*, and Waseem Adlah⁽¹⁾

(1). Al-Gab Agriculture Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural, Research GCSAR, Damascus, Syria

(2). Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, University of Tishreen, Latakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Haider Hasan. E-mail: haider7220387@gmail.com).

Received:  21/04/2022                   Accepted: 19/06/2022

Abstract: 

A filed experiment was conducted in Jeb Ramlah- Center for Agricultural Research in Al-Ghab during summer season 2019 according to complete randomized design (RCBD).  The aim was to evaluate the effect of increasing application rates of nitrogen fertilizer (N: 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg N/h^-1), and boron application (B0=0, B1= B added to the soil (2 kg/h^-1), B2= foliar boron (1%)), on productivity components of maize crop (Zea mays L.) cv. Salameha 1. The weight of ears on plant, number of raw on ear, number of grain in a raw, weight of 100 grain, grain productivity (kg/h^-1), biological hay (kg/h^-1), and percent of protein in grain. The results show significant response of all productivity traits with increasing rates of N fertilization. Ear weights/plant, number of raw on ear, number of grain in a raw, and weight of 100 grain were in the control treatment N0B0 681g, 11.6 raw, 25.9 grain/raw, and 29.4 g/100 grain; and increased to 988, 12.4, 33.7, and 36.6 in treatment N240B0. Boron addition in either ways didn’t show a clear significant effect except for ear weight. Ear weight was in N240B0 988 g and increased significantly to 1229 g when N was applied to the soil (treatment N240B1), and to 1179 g when boron was foliar application. The highest ear weight obtained was 1378 g when N applied at a rate of 180 kg/h-1 and foliar boron application (treatment N180B2). Grain yield increased significantly with N fertilization from 6729, 7572, 7887 kg/h^-1 in the control treatments to 11894, 11156, and 12844 kg/h^-1 with 180 kg N/h^-1, respectively. Yield was not increased with increasing N rate of application to 240 kgN/h^-1. The response of biological yield was similar to grain yield. Biological yield was 48.5, 49.2, and 49.2 ton/h-1 in the control treatments (N0B0, N0B1, and N0B2) and increased in response to nitrogen application (180 kg N/h^-1) to 65.4, 67.6, and 91.2 ton/h^-1. The effect of boron application was most evident on protein content of grain which was 12.94 % in B240B0 and reaches 16.81 % for the same nitrogen application rate and boron was foliar application.

Key words: Maize, Nitrogen fertilization, Productivity Traits, Grain Yield, Biological Yield

Full paper in Arabic: pdf