Reem Issa^(1)*

(1). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Reem Issa  E-Mail: reem.issa12a@gmail.com  ).

Received: 28/04/2022                    Accepted:11/09/2022

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out in the seed germination laboratory of the Department of Horticulture in the College of Agriculture for the year 2021, using the Emperada cultivar. The experiment contained 4compounds: Pyrex, Paw-Humus compound, Agroton compound, and extract. The experiment included six treatments (control: dry, untreated seeds, soaked seeds in plain water, soaked seeds in gibberellin acid solution concentration 10 mg/L, soaked seeds in organic humic nutrient solution concentration of 1 g/L,soaked seeds in non-organic nutrient solution Humic concentration 1.5 cm 3/ L, seeds soaked in a solution of marine algae extract (concentration 2g/L) in four replicates and at a rate of 100 seeds per replicate. Filled with peat moss, the results showed that soaking the seeds with the previous compounds led to activating seed germination and increasing seed vigor,  and that seaweed extract Alga 600 was significantly superior in increasing seed vigor and this was obvious in increasing plant height 19.5 cm, number of leaves 8.7 leaves, and tolerance to seedling shock by increasing the root/vegetative weight ratio 29.6%.

Key words: Soaking, Eggplant,Humic,Non Humic, Germination.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Andaleeb Saeed ^{(1) *}_, Mohamad. Kh. Tahle ⁽¹⁾  and RawaaTlay  ⁽¹⁾

(1). Dept. Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Andaleeb Saeed  E-Mail: andaleeb33444@gmail.com).

Received: 8/09/2022                    Accepted:3/10/2022

Abstract                                

Abstract: 

This research was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, and aimed to manufacture persimmon purée by hot air oven drying method at a temperature of 60ºC. and adding different concentrations of gum Arabic (25, 30, 35%) to the persimmon purée a drying agent to drying and study its effect on the chemical and physical indicators of this product. The obtained results showed that the powders manufactured with the addition of gum arabic (30, 35%) significantly decreased in moisture content (3.50, 3.33 %), a decrease in the acidity number (6.34, 6.26), and total sugar content (43.52, 39.30) g /100 g dry weight, and an increase in the percentage of ash which reached (4.78, 4.55) g /100 g dry weight respectively. These powders were characterized by the highest rate of productivity (36.40, 35.92), solubility (91.93, 91.91%), bulk density values (0.76, 0.83) g/cm3, and  the lowest values for the degree of caking were  (18.33, 18.26%), and hygroscopicity values (17.80, 15.83%). The samples to which gum arabic was added with increased values of the lightness index (L) and decreased in the values of the degree of redness and yellowness index (a, b) and H  index,  while the persimmon puree powder manufactured without adding gum arabic showed a significant superiority in terms of the indicators of color intensity values and the values of the degree of redness and yellowness.

Keywords: Persimmon Puree, Powder, Drying, Chemical and Physical  Indicators, Gum Arabic.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Rawaa Tlay* ⁽¹⁾, Mohamad Mohamad ⁽¹⁾and  Hadyia Almoqdad ⁽¹⁾

(1). Dept. Food Science, Agricultural College, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria_.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Rawaa Tlay, E-Mail: rawaa751@gmail.com)

Received: 30/05/2022         Accepted: 2/10/2022

Abstract: 

This research was conducted at the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering in the Laboratories of the Food Science Department in 2021 AD, and was aimed to study chemical and microbial properties of cupcake product after adding green tea extract at different proportions. The samples were prepared by adding green tea extract in different proportions (3, 5 and 10%). The sample fortified with green tea extract by 10% showed a significant increase in its moisture content, as the percentage of moisture content reached to (19.91%), while pH of this sample increased to (9.05 compared with control sample (6.98). On the other hand, the sample supplemented with 10% of green tea extract showed a significant increase in its total phenols content and antioxidant activity, as the percentage of total phenols reached to (19.21 mg/100g sample), while the antioxidant activity of this sample reached to (82.89%) compared with control sample (2.27%) immediately after manufacturing, and the sample fortified with 5% of green tea extract was superior in sensory characteristics compared with other samples. As for the microbial aspect, all samples were free of coliform bacteria, and results indicated a decrease in total count of bacteria in the samples supplemented with green tea extract at different proportions.

Key Words: Green Tea Extract, Cupcake, Microbial Load, Total Phenols, Antioxidant Activity.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Kamel Khalil * ⁽¹⁾, Maher Dais ⁽²⁾ and Basel Fares ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Environmental Prevention, Higher Institute for Environmental Research, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(2) . The General Authority for Scientific Agricultural Research, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. kamel Khalil: d.kamelkhalil@tishreen.edu.sy).

Received:12/06/2022        Accepted:29/08/2022

Abstract: 

This study aimed to determine the concentration of heavy metals: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) in surface soils (0-20 cm) for nine sites )S1 to S9) in Banyas city. During the year 2021. The results showed that the ranking of elemental concentrations (general average) in ppm were as follows: [Mn (577.06) > Zn (69.32) > Pb (30.69) > Ni (28.20) > Cu (25.49) > Cd ( 0.55)] and these values were above the normal value for lead (27 ppm), cadmium (0.4 ppm) and manganese (488 ppm), while copper was below the normal value (38.9 ppm), and were close to the normal value for zinc (70 ppm)and nickel (29 ppm). The results showed that the highest value of lead was in the (S9) site, cadmium in the (S9, S1 and S8) sites, and the highest values of zinc were recorded in the (S5 and S7) sites. The highest values for nickel were recorded at the sites (S8 and S5) for manganese, and the highest values were recorded at the sites (S7, S3 and S4).The results also showed a positive significant correlation between the values of nickel and cadmium and between lead and cadmium, as well as a significant negative correlation between nickel and manganese.

Key Words: Soil pollution – Heavy metals – Banyas (Syria).

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ozara Alahmad ^(1)*,Bahaa AlRahban ⁽²⁾and Aswad Mohemeed ⁽³⁾

(1). Department of plant protection,  Faculty of Agriculture, AlFurat University, Deir Ezzor, Syria.

(2). General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Damascus, Syria . 

(*Corresponding author: Ozara Samir Alahmad,  E-Mail: ozara781@gmail.com )     

Recevied:2/07/2022                         Accepted:18/08/2022

Abstract: 

The experiment was carried out at the Saalo Research Station of the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Deir Ezzor (30 km east of Deir Ezzor) through the season 2020 , with the aim of determining the most important types of weeds that accompanies with maize, and evaluating the effectiveness of four rates of application of the herbicide (2,4-D) (0.5, 0.75, 1 and 1.25 L/ha) in controlling broadleaf weeds under different rates of seeds (2.5,3,3.5 kg/ dunum) in the competitiveness between maize crop with weeds and their effect on growth and productivity. The efficiency of herbicide was 81.3% at the rate of application 1.25 liters / hectare when the seed rate was 3.5 kg / dunum, and the dry weight of the weeds decreased to 70.8 g/m² while the dry weight of yellow corn increased to 221.1 g/m² .The average height of the maize plant increased to 150 cm and the weight of 100 kernels increased (33.1 g) at the rate 1.25 liters / hectare and the higher seed rate, it also achieved the highest grain yield recorded 15,617 tons/ha. The highest seed rate was significantly superior to all the studied treatments, and the yield was increased. The treatment of weed control with a seed rate 3.5 kg/dunum was superior in all studied treatments compared with using the herbicide.

Key word: Zea mays, Herbicide, Plant Density, Seed rate, planting properties, yield.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Afraa Haider* ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Plant Protraction, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Afra’ Mutee’ Haider, E-Mail: afraaafraa485@gmail.com ).

Received:28 / 03/ 2022       Accepted: 1 / 09/ 2022

Abstract: 

Acacia trees are considered one of the important forest trees on the Syrian coast due to the role they play in stabilizing sandy soils and using them for afforestation of poor Marne limestone soils, in addition to their importance as ornamental plants, and their important environmental role is not absent, especially as they are evergreen. In recent years, symptoms of infection were observed in the form of spots on acacia (Acacia cyanophylla Lendley) leaves in the vicinity of Tishreen University in Lattakia. This research was carried out in both laboratory and field from March 2021 until February 2022 with the aim of determining the causative factor for these spots in preparation for studies that have an interest in studying acacia diseases and other forest trees. After laboratory examination and artificial infection to investigate the causative agent of these symptoms, it has been found that the infection caused by Alternaria spp. to be the first report of this fungus on acacia in the Syrian coast.  

Key words:  Acacia cyanophylla , Alternaria spp., The Syrian Coast, leaf spots.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Zakaria Al- naser^(1)* and  Mohamad Kanouh ⁽¹⁾

(1). Department of Plant Protraction, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.

(*Corresponding: Dr.  Zakaria Al- naser: E-Mail:  zinzanasera@ gmail.com).

Received:27/02/2022                       Accepted: 31/08/2022

Abstract: 

The investigation was carried out during 2021 at the laboratories of Plant Protection Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University and Abu Jarash fileds. Three pesticides (Chlorpyrifos, Dimethoate (Organ-ophosphorous) and Acetamiprid (Neonicotinoid)). The ethanol  extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn, Inula viscosa L. and Mill. Lavandula angustifolia leaves, and mixture of pesticides and extracts, were evaluated against the Immature of fig gall psyllid (   Pauropsyll abuxtoni (Triozidae)) insect on ficus carica L. tree in filed. The results showed that Acetamiprid  + L. angustifolia and Dimethoate+ L. angustifolia showed significantly superiority effects on Immature.  of P. abuxtoni, in comparison with other treatments in filed tests. However, Acetamiprid followed by Dimethoate alone  and L. angustifolia showed the highest effect percentage compared with the other treatments in filed testes. Whereas, the corrected mortality percentage was, 92.65,89.19,73.12 and 69.25%, at 7^th day of second treatment in filed, respectively. While, Chlorpyrifos gave the modality percentage of efficacy on the Immature.  of P. abuxtoni in the field, were the percentage 35.69% at 7days after the second spray. In the contrast, ethanol extract of E. camaldulensis gave the lowest percentage (24.19%) of efficacy on the Immature.  of P. abuxtoni in the field,in the field tests compared with other insecticides. Also, the results showed that, the efficacy percentage increases gradually as the exposure period increases. Therefore, the ethanol extract of L. angustifolia and  Inula viscose  and mixture thyme with insecticides  can be used in integrated management of P. abuxtoni as an environmental friendly insecticide.

Key words: ficus carica , insecticides, P. abuxtoni, plant extracts.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf 

Hassan Al-Shbatt⁽¹⁾, Fadi Abbas^(2)*, Boushra Khouzam⁽³⁾ and Salwa Saadia⁽²⁾

(1). Homs Agricultural Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Homs, Syria.

(2). Field crops department, Homs Agricultural Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Homs, Syria.

(3). Natural resources department, Homs Agricultural Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Homs, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Fadi Abbas  . E-Mail fadiab77@gmail.com.).

Received: 11/03/2022         Accepted: 28/07/2022

Abstract: 

This study was carried out in the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR) at Homs Agricultural Research Center, during 2020/2021season, in order to evaluate the effects of vermi tea foliar application on some local Chenopodiaceae vegetables (beetroot, spinach, and  chard) compared with NPK fertilization and control. Vermi compost tea 1:10 w/v was sprayed two times, the first at 4 true leaves stage and the second after 15 days. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with three replicates. Results showed that there were no significant differences between tea spraying and NPK treatment in beetroot  studied traits (plant height, leaf number,   leaves wet and dry weight, roots wet and dry weight, and total sugars in leaves), and for spinach (plant height, leaf number,   leaves wet and dry weight, leaf area, and total sugars in leaves), while NPK treatment surpassed significantly on tea spraying in chard in all studied traits. In three plants the spraying of vermi tea surpassed significantly on control without fertilization.  This study concluded that vermi compost foliar application 1:10 (w/v) can be used  in beetroot and spinach fertilization without any chemicals. But in chard this study would be continue in higher concentrations to replace chemical fertilization partially.

Key words: Vermi compost, Growth, yield, Beetroot, Spinach, chard, Chenopodiaceae.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Ammar Abbas ^(1)*

(1). Agriculture research center of Lattakia, GCSAR, Syria.

(*Cprresponding author: Dr. Ammar Abbas, E. Maul: Ammarabbas1984@hotmail.com).

Received:  22/08/2022                                  Accepted: 22/08/2022

Abstract: 

This research paper aims to demonstrate the importance of using the ET0calculator model in estimating the reference evapotranspiration values, ET₀, during the phenological stages of wheat. This model ischaracterized by the ease of obtaining most  accurate values ​​of  reference evapotranspiration according to the modified Penman Monteith equation that is based on the input of climatic factors: maximum, minimum and average temperatures, relative humidity, wind speed and solar radiation. Obtaining the daily data of the previous climatic elements is not quite easy, so the most effective climatic factors on the calculation of  reference evapotranspiration were identified by studying the simple correlation between the climatic factors and ET₀ values, and then choosing the highest values of correlation and inserting them into multi-correlation. It was found that the highest multi-correlation values ​​during the period between germination and flowering were significantly related to the average temperature, precipitation and wind speed (r 0.9), and the multi-correlation during the flowering period showed several high values,the maximum temperature and humidity had the most effect . The solar radiation  effect was clearly shown during the stage of seed formation..

Keywords: ET₀calculator, wheat, Duma (1), phenological stage, correlation.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf

Sawsan Hayfa* ⁽¹⁾ Amina Alnesser⁽²⁾ and Suzan Abdullah⁽²⁾               

(1). Soil and water science department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattika, Syria.    

(2). Basic science department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattika, Syria.

(*Corresponding author: Dr. Sawsan Hayfa. E-Mail: Sawsan 54ha@gmail.com)

Received:27/04/2022               Accepted: 19/07/2022

Abstract: 

A laboratory experiment was conducted in sandy soil (%Sand=72.1) planted with wheat (Triticum aestivum L) during 2019, to study the effect of sewage sludge (9 – 18 – 27) g resulting from a treatment plant, irrigating Soil with saline water (4 – 10). – 20) ms\cm on some physical chemical sandy soil properties, content of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) and effect on wheat growth. The experiment therefore consisted 12 treatments with three replicates, and plots were completely randomized. An improvement was observed in studied physical soil properties after adding sludge, such as structure soil, water holding, capacity increased, and movement water and air within the soil. Significant increase in organic matter in the soil. Treatment (27g) was superior to other compared to the control. Addition sludge modify pH and increase in the cationic exchange capacity of sandy soil, Its value increased by increasing the rate of sludge use. The study shows a high concentration of heavy metals in the soil while remaining within the normal limits as a result of addition of sludge. The study results showed a significant role of adding sludge in increasing wheat plant growth and dry matter percentage.

Key words: sewage sludge, sandy soil, wheat, heavy metals, saline water.

Full paper in Arabic: pdf